Understanding Oneself PDF

KNOWING and UNDERSTANDING ONESELF STRENGHT and LIMITATIONS Who I am as a Person?  What makes me different from my friends and classmates?  Imagine yourself looking in the Mirror 5 What do you see? 6 Do you see your Ideal Self or your actual Self?...

KNOWING and UNDERSTANDING ONESELF STRENGHT and LIMITATIONS Who I am as a Person?  What makes me different from my friends and classmates?  Imagine yourself looking in the Mirror 5 What do you see? 6 Do you see your Ideal Self or your actual Self? 7 IDEAL SELF Your ideal self is the self that you aspire to be. It is the one that you hope will possess characteristics similar to that of a mentor or some other worldly figure 8 ACTUAL SELF Your actual self, however, is the one that you actually see. It is the self that has characteristics that you were nurtured or, in some cases, born to have. 9  I. SELF CONCEPT The actual self and the ideal self are two broad categories of self- concept. 10  The actual self is built on self-knowledge. Self- knowledge is derived from social interactions that provide insight into how others react to you. The actual self is who we actually are. It is how we think, how we feel, look, and act. The actual self can be seen by others, but because we have no way of truly knowing how others view us, the actual self is our self-image. 11  The ideal self, on the other hand, is how we want to be. It is an idealized image that we have developed over time, based on what we have learned and experienced. The ideal self could include components of what our parents have taught us, what we admire in others, what our society promotes, and what we think is in our best interest. 12  SELF CONCEPT Self-concept refers to your awareness of yourself. It is the construct that negotiates these two selves 13 SELF CONCEPT This theory began as Rene Descartes, the Father of Modern Philosophy, proposed his theory that a person's existence depends on his/her perception. Rene Descartes stated that mind is the seat of consciousness. 14 SELF CONCEPT This means that it is in the mind that we know everything about ourselves like our identity, passion, interest, feelings, and/or intellect, thus everything that we are comes from the mind. 15  SELF CONCEPT Self-concept theory has a lot of suppositions regarding how people learn to judge themselves. Among these Sincero named three aspects such as: Self-concept is learned. This explains that no individual is born with self-concept. A person will soon develop this as he/she grows old. This means that self-concept can only be acquired as soon as the person learns how to mingle with others and so this indicates that self-concept is influenced by the persons environment and can be a product of the persons socialization 16  SELF CONCEPT Self-concept is organized. This stresses out that one’s perception towards himself/herself is firm. This means that a person may hear other people’s point of view regarding himself/herself but will keep on believing that what he/she thinks of himself/herself is always the right one. Change on one’s perceptions towards himself/herself, however, may also be possible but it takes time. 17  SELF CONCEPT Self-concept is dynamic. As an individual grows older, he/she continues to encounter problems or challenges that may reveal his/her self-concept in that particular time or situation. A person will respond to the scenario based on his/her own insights and how he/she perceives himself/herself in the situation. Thus, self-concept undergoes development as the person goes through different experiences 18 SELF CONCEPT Sigmund Freud who is a well- known psychologist, neurologist and the creator of Psychoanalysis Theory and the father of psychoanalysis, proposed that there are three components of personality within us: the Id, Ego and Superego that certainly play a vital role of how we think of 19 ourselves.  Sigmund Freud Theory The Id. Freud explained that man's personality is driven by pleasure principle. This means that the nature of Id is to satisfy man's desire without thinking much of the situation. This nature is being developed at a young age or present from birth. 20 Example: An infant cannot exactly explain what he/she really wants. Also, infants do grab things and would want to get things on their hands not minding if they hurt nor if they are important or not. All they want is to get them for they want them. This is the nature of Id, when the id wants it the rest are no longer important. However, this instinct is controlled by the ego and superego as these aspects are developed in man’s life later. 21  Sigmund Freud Theory The Ego. This is the second component of the personality that is developed at approximately the age of three. This operates according to reality which makes it possible for the Id to work in a more proper and satisfactory ways. 22  Sigmund Freud Theory The ego will give a more socially accepted means of getting the desires and wants of a person without getting to hurt other’s feelings. In other words, it is the job of the ego to provide a man some guidelines on how to behave accordingly while he fulfilled his pleasure 23  Sigmund Freud Theory The Superego. Freud believed that this aspect of man begins to manifest as a child turns 5. This is the last component of personality which holds our moral judgments or concept of right and wrong that are believed to be acquired from the family and the environment. 24  Sigmund Freud Theory This personality is developed as man learns the culture of distinguishing right from wrong based on the set of guidelines and standards that are known to people which might have been probably imposed by the people in the community like parents, teachers, elders or the community as a whole. Therefore, superego directs a man’s life for him to avoid hurting others 25  Portfolio Output No.1- Talent /Variety Show Your group shall have a presentation in front of the class. The leaders of each group (including yours) shall rate your group based on the following criteria: Originality (5 points) Creativity/Resourcefulness (5 points) Teamwork (5 points) Audience Impact (5 points) Total : 20 points 26  Portfolio Output No.1- Talent /Variety Show Compute the average of ratings for your group and write this average rating for your presentation in your journal. Write about your experience as a group leader/member in this activity. 27  II. PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS Your knowledge of yourself and how you manage yourself impacts directly on your personal effectiveness. Being self-aware, making the most of your strengths, learning new skills and techniques and behavioral flexibility are all keys to improving your personal performance. 28  II. PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS Our personal effectiveness depends on our innate characteristics – talent and experience accumulated in the process of personal development. Talents first are needed to be identified and then developed to be used in a particular subject area (science, literature, sports, politics, etc.). Experience includes knowledge and skills that we acquire in the process of cognitive and practical activities. 29  II. PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS Knowledge is required for setting goals, defining an action plan to achieve them and risk assessment. Skills also determine whether real actions are performed in accordance with the plan. If the same ability is used many times in the same situation, then it becomes a habit that runs automatically, subconsciously 30 Here are some skills that will greatly increase the efficiency of any person who owns them: 1. Determination. - It allows you to focus only on achieving a specific goal without being distracted by less important things or spontaneous desires. It may be developed with the help of self- discipline exercise. 31 2. Self-confidence. - It appears in the process of personal development, as a result of getting aware of yourself, your actions and their consequences. Self-confidence is manifested in speech, appearance, dressing, gait, and physical condition 32 3. Persistence - It makes you keep moving forward regardless of emerging obstacles – problems, laziness, bad emotional state, etc. It reduces the costs of overcoming obstacles. It can also be developed with the help of self-discipline exercise 33 4. Managing stress - It helps combat stress that arises in daily life from the environment and other people. Stress arises from the uncertainty in an unknown situation when a lack of information creates the risk of negative consequences of your actions. It increases efficiency in the actively changing environment 34 5. Problem-solving skills - They help cope with the problems encountered with a lack of experience. It increases efficiency by adopting new ways of achieving goals when obtaining a new experience. 35 6. Creativity - It allows you to find extraordinary ways to carry out a specific action that no one has tried to use. It can lead to a decrease or an increase of costs, but usually the speed of action is greatly increased when using creative tools. 36 7. Generating ideas - It helps you achieve goals using new, original, unconventional ideas. Idea is a mental image of an object formed by the human mind, which can be changed before being implemented in the real world. 37  For generating ideas, you can use a method of mental maps, which allows you to materialize, visualize and scrutinize all your ideas, which in turn contributes to the emergence of new ideas. These are just some, but the most important personal effectiveness skills which make the achievement of any goal easier and less costly. 38 Activity: MY BANNER- The Treasure within ME In the Spaces indicated by numbers, Write down the following; 1 & 2- Two things I do very well 3 & 4- My two greatest achievements in life 5 -what in myself I’m proud of 6 - my happiest moment 7 - positive words that my friends use to describe me 39 Activity: MY BANNER- The Treasure within ME In the Spaces indicated by numbers, Write down the following; 8- a person goal that I already achieved 9- three blessings for which I am most thankful to God 10- three of my positive qualities 11- difficulties, challenges and problems that I was able to solve 40 and overcome  III. YOU NEED TO TAKE CHARGE OF YOUR FUTURE There are Three kinds of People in the World 41  This person watches the movie of The their lives, admires some parts and MOVIEGOER criticizes others. Aside from that, they do nothing else. All she says the whole day is, “I like this thing and but I don’t like that thing.” The Moviegoer feels she has absolutely no control of their lives -- - except to comment about it. Moviegoers are the most pathetic, miserable person in the world. 42  This person does not only watch the The ACTOR movie of her life. She actually realizes she’s the Actor – and can control a big part of her life. She can actually make or break the movie – by how well she delivers her lines and how she portrays her character. Actors are a happy bunch, realizing they’re the start of the show and enjoy some level of control. But many times, they wish the movie would end in another way – but realize that they have no say in such things.. 43 The SCRIPT This person does not only watch, WRITER and she doesn’t only act, but she actually creates the entire movie from her mind. She determines what she will say, what she will do, and how the movie will end. She realizes she has enormous control over her life, and sees to it that the movie of her life will turn out beautiful. 44 Who are you among these three people? Do you merely watch your life go why? Or do you act out a script that you feel has been handed to you? Or do you write the script and make your life beautiful? By the way, the Producer of the movie is God. He tells you, “Make the movie beautiful, and I will give you all that you need for success.” 45 Developing the Whole Person  As an adolescent, it is undeniable that during this year, you find it most important to know yourselves deeper. You most of the time find yourself asking what do you really want or why do you really like doing these things or being with these people 47 ADOLESCENCE - is the period when a young individual develops from a child into an adult. 48 ADOLESCENCE There are a lot of changes that happen to an adolescent like you and some of those are: how you look, how you take your role in the community, how other people expect you in making decisions on your own, and how you perceive yourself. 49 Although the "Self" is one of the determinants of what we thought about ourselves, it is also the result of what we think and/or do. 50 Many people believe that we are the product of our own experiences. Those experiences shape our unique qualities and habits that define who we as a person and differ from others. 51 Your features or own qualities that made you a unique are characteristics; when you do something repeatedly and regularly it is a habit; and experiences are the skills or knowledge you have gained because you have done it already from the past. 52 Your features or own qualities that made you a unique are characteristics; when you do something repeatedly and regularly it is a habit; and experiences are the skills or knowledge you have gained because you have done it already from the past. 53  SELF ESTEEM is the period when a young individual develops from a child into an adult. 54 Self-esteem is your evaluation of your own worth. It may be positive or negative. Positive self-esteem is the evaluation that is pleasing and acceptable according to your standard and that of others, while negative self-esteem is the opposite which is feeling distraught or down and unaccepted by others. 55 According to Tafarodi & Swann(1995), there are many factors to identify the level of self-esteem of an individual and some of the major factors are: own appearance; how satisfied you are in a relationship; and how you view your performance. 56 Our self-esteem may change from time to time depending on the situation we encounter in our daily life 57 Since it can be partly a trait that someone can possess, it depends on how you perceive the things coming your way. 58  SELF-EFFICACY Self-efficacy is not considered as a trait. “It does not refer to your abilities but rather to your beliefs about what you can do with your abilities” (Stajkovic & Luthans, 1998). It is your will to produce an effect on a specific thing. 59  SELF-EFFICACY It is your self-belief to effectively achieve your most important goal. The stronger the belief, the bigger the possibility to achieve a positive result. For instance, you are aiming for a higher grade and you are confidently believing it then, it will happen. 60  SELF-EFFICACY Maddux and Kleiman (2000) define and explain the five (5) different ways that influenced self efficacy beliefs from the ideas of Albert Badura, a professor and a psychologist. 61  SELF-EFFICACY (a) Performance Experiences – if you are good at achieving your specific goal, then you probably think that you will achieve it again. When the opposite happens, if you fail, you will often think that you will fail again. 62  SELF-EFFICACY (b) Vicarious Performances – if others achieved their goal or specific task, then you'll come to believe that you will also achieve your goal. 63  SELF-EFFICACY (c) Verbal Persuasion – it is when people tell you whether they believe or not on what you can do or cannot do. The effect of your self-efficacy will depend on how that person matters to you. 64  SELF-EFFICACY (d) Imaginal Performances – When you imagine yourself doing well, then it will happen. 65  SELF-EFFICACY (e) The Affective States & Physical Sensations – if your mood or emotion (e.g. shame) and physical state (e.g. shaking) come together, it will affect your self-efficacy. If negative mood connects with negative physical sensation, the result will be negative. 66  SELF-EFFICACY And if it is positive, most likely the result will be positive. 67  Judgement and Decision Making As an individual, you are expected to act and decide on your own. Most people tend to decide based on the intuitions and available information that could be a hindrance in making a wise decision. 68  Judgement and Decision Making It can be a habit, when our decision is always based on what is available or gathered data. There could be a “missing link”. 69  Six Steps on How to Make a Rational Decision: 1. Define the Problem (select your most desired course); 2. Identify the criteria necessary to judge the multiple options (list things to be considered like location, facilities, prestige, etc.); 70  Six Steps on How to Make a Rational Decision: 3. Weight the criteria (rank the criteria based on its importance to you); 4. Generate alternatives (the schools that accepted you) 71  Six Steps on How to Make a Rational Decision: 5. Rate each alternative on each criterion (rate each school on the criteria you have identified); and 6. Compute the optimal decision 72  Six Steps on How to Make a Rational Decision: 5. Rate each alternative on each criterion (rate each school on the criteria you have identified); and 6. Compute the optimal decision 73 SELF DEVELOPMENT Self-development is a process of discovering oneself by realizing one's potentials and capabilities that are shaped over time either by studying in a formal school or through environmental factors 74  Along this realization, an individual encounters gradual changes deep within him/her that may help him/her overcome unacceptable practices or traits which lead him towards positive change for his growth or self-fulfillment. It is also called personal development 75 8 Different Aspects of SELF 76 Activity: ASSESS ASPECTS OF YOUR DEVELOPMENT Draw a large circle on a blank sheet of paper. Divide the circle into 8 segments. In each segment, write some descriptions of the different aspects of yourself as follows: 1. Physical Self. Describe yourself. Try not to censor any thoughts which come to your mind. Include descriptions of your height, weight, facial appearance, and quality of skin, hair and descriptions of body areas such as your neck, chest, waist, legs. 77 Activity: ASSESS ASPECTS OF YOUR DEVELOPMENT 2. Intellectual Self. Include here an assessment of how well you reason and solve problems, your capacity to learn and create, your general amount of knowledge, your specific areas of knowledge, wisdom you have acquired, and insights you have. 3. Emotional Self. Write as many words or phrase about typical feelings you have, feelings you seldom have, feelings you try to avoid, feelings you especially enjoy, feelings from your past and present, and feelings which are associated with each other. 78 Activity: ASSESS ASPECTS OF YOUR DEVELOPMENT 4. Sensual Self. Write how you feel as a sensual person. What sense do you use most – sight, hearing, speaking, smelling, touching? How do you feel about the different ways you take in information - through the eyes, ears, mouth, nose, pores, and skin. In what ways do you let information in and out of your body? 5. Interactional Self. Include descriptions of your strengths and weaknesses in intimate relationships and relationships to friends, family, co-students and strangers in social settings. Describe the strengths and weaknesses which your friends and family have noticed. Describe what kind of son or daughter, brother or sister you are. 79 Activity: ASSESS ASPECTS OF YOUR DEVELOPMENT 6. Nutritional Self. How do you nourish yourself? What foods do you like and dislike? What do you like and dislike about these? 7. Contextual Self. Descriptors could be in the areas of maintenance of your living environment: reaction to light, temperature, space, weather, colors, sound and seasons and your impact on the environment. 80 Activity: ASSESS ASPECTS OF YOUR DEVELOPMENT 8. Spiritual Self or Life Force. Write words or phrases which tell about how you feel in this area. This could include your feelings about yourself and organized religion, reactions about your spiritual connections to others, feelings about your spiritual development and history, and thought about your metaphysical self. Think about your inner peace and joy. Think about your spiritual regimen or routine. 81 FIVE AREAS OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT refers to physical changes in the body as well as the senses and changes in skills related to movement 83 PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Physical health is defined as the condition of your body, taking into consideration everything from the absence of disease to fitness level. Physical health is critical for overall well-being and can be affected by: Lifestyle: diet, level of physical activity, and behavior (eating unhealthy foods); Human biology: a person’s genetics and physiology may make it easier or harder to achieve good physical health; 84 Physical health is critical for overall well- being and can be affected by: Environment: our surroundings and exposure to factors such as sunlight or toxic substances; and Healthcare service: good healthcare can help prevent illness, as well as to detect and treat illness. 85 Self-check. Ask yourself regarding your Physiological Development. 1. How healthy is your physical body? 2. Does it get enough rest and sleep? 3. 3. Is it given nutritional food and sufficient water to help the physiological system do its functions more optimally? 4. What aches and pains does your body suffer? 5. When was your last medical check-up? 6. What are the common illnesses in your family? 7. If you look into generations before, what sickness plagued your ancestors? 8. In the pandemic crisis, do you consider yourself safe from such viruses and diseases? 86  EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT It has something to do with the feelings that you experience. 87 EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Emotional health is an important part of overall health. Emotionally healthy people are in control of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. They can cope with life’s challenges. Emotions are responses that generate biochemical reactions in our bodies, changing the physical state. 88 There are many ways to improve or maintain good emotional health. Be aware of your emotions and reactions. Notice what in your life makes you sad, frustrated, or angry. Try to address or change those things. Think before you act. Emotions can be powerful. Give yourself time to think, and be calm before you say or do something you might regret. Manage stress. Try to change situations, causing you stress. Learn relaxation methods to cope with stress. Strive for balance. Find a healthy balance between work and play and between activity and rest. Make time for things you enjoy. Focus on positive things in your life. Take care of your physical health. Your physical health can affect your emotional health. Exercise regularly, eat healthy meals and get enough sleep. Do not abuse drugs or alcohol. Connect with others. We are social creatures. We need positive connections with other people. 89 Self-check. Ask yourself regarding your Emotional Development: Your own experiences when you are______________ -happy -sad -afraid -surprised -angry -disgusted 90  SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT It is about our innate capacity to relate with others, to connect, and to feel the sense of belongingness. 91 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Social Development refers to how people develop social and emotional skills across the lifespan, with particular attention to childhood and adolescence. Healthy social development allows us to form positive relationships with family, friends, teachers, and other people in our lives. 92 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT As a person develop and perceive its individuality within a community, he/she also gains skills to communicate with other people and process his/her actions. Social development most often refers to how a person develops friendships and other relationships and how a person handles conflict with peers. 93 Why is social development important? -Social development can impact many other forms of development a person experiences. Healthy social development allows us to form positive relationships with family, friends, teachers, and other people. Healthy social development can help you: Develop Communication Skills Build self-esteem Strengthen learning skills Resolve conflicts Establish a positive attitude 94 Self-check. Ask yourself regarding your Emotional Development 1. How is your relationship with your parents? 2. Do you consider yourself as friendly? Why? 3. How do you interact with other people? Are you outgoing? 4. Do you feel belongingness in your family, school, peers? 95  COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Refers to a person’s intellectual abilities as shown in his/her thoughts, attitudes, beliefs and values. 96 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Cognitive development means how people think, explore, and figure things out. It is the development of knowledge, skills, problem- solving, and dispositions, which helps a person to think about and understand the world around them. Brain development is part of cognitive development. This aspect of the self is enhanced when one attends school to study and learn or engages in other mental endeavors. 97 Mental abilities are developed by engaging in intellectual pursuits such as studies, work, and figuring out how best to deal with challenges— thinking, planning, organizing, evaluating, and maximizing cognitive abilities. The more we study, the more we learn; while the more we learn, the more we can study better. 98 Self-check. Ask yourself regarding your Cognitive Development 1. Have you experienced mistakes in the choices you made? How do you deal with these situations? 2. What is your attitude towards your study habits? 3. Are you doing well in your studies? 99  SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT It is discovering oneself beyond the ego known as the soul, spirit, or the “inner essence” that is often disregarded or taken for granted. It is experiencing a glimpse of the “inner guide” of one’s beliefs and values in discovering the meaning of 10 life. 0 It also allows people to connect with a Higher Power that is called by many names like "God, Buddha, Allah.” “We are Christians, we are committed to the poor, we value people, we are partners, and are responsive.” As we grow spiritually, our attitude toward life also changes for the better in many ways. Most of our problems stem from our perceptions and expectations of ourselves and of the world. One will realize that this solves half the problems of our life. 10 1 Spiritual growth and development help us to imbibe humility. Spirituality and inner peace is a way of life. It helps us to develop great strength and courage. Spiritual growth and development help to make human beings better citizens. 10 2 Self-check. Ask yourself regarding your Spiritual Development 1. How can you say that you believe in “God”? 2. What are the things you do that manifest your spiritual development? 10 3