PED 011 Anatomical Positions PDF

PED 011  4 Main Anatomical Position 1. Supine Position – the body is lying fat instead of standing upright, with the same positioning of the limbs. 2. Prone position – the body lies flat with the chest down and the back up 3. Right Lateral Recumbent – means the person is lying on his right si...

PED 011  4 Main Anatomical Position 1. Supine Position – the body is lying fat instead of standing upright, with the same positioning of the limbs. 2. Prone position – the body lies flat with the chest down and the back up 3. Right Lateral Recumbent – means the person is lying on his right side 4. Left Lateral Recumbent –means the person is lying on the left side  Anatomical Reference Position 1. Coronal or Frontal Plane – a vertical plane running from side to side 2. Sagital Plane or Lateral Plane – a vertical plane running from front to back 3. Transverse Plane or Axial Plane – a horizontal plane which divides the body into cranial (head) upper and caudal (tail) lower portions. 4. Median Plane – sagittal plane through the midline of the body dividing the body or any of its parts into right and left halves.  Directional Terms 1. Superior or Cranial – toward the end of the body; upper 2. Inferior or Caudal – away from the head  Anterior and Posterior 1. Anterior or ventral – front 2. Posterior – back  Medial and Lateral 1. Medial – toward the midline of the body 2. Lateral – away from the midline of the body  Proximal and Distal 1. Proximal – toward the nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part 2. Distal – away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a part  Anatomical Movement Terms A. Flexion and Extension – Flexion means bending. Usually, in most joints, flexion is bending. Extensions means straightening B. Abduction and Adduction   Abduction means the movement away from the median plane.  Adduction means movement towards the median plane  Circumduction is a circular movement which includes the previous movements (flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction) 1. Medal rotation – where the anterior surface of the bone faces medially 2. Lateral rotation – where the anterior surface of the bone faces laterally C. Supination and Pronation  Supination is the normal resting position of the forearm, where the palm of the hand faces forwards.  Pronation is opposite to supination, that is the palm of the hand faces backwards. D. Pronation Inversion and Eversion  Inversion movements occurs only in the feet where the plantar surface of the foot faces medially  Eversion is opposite to inversion, where the plantar surfany of the foot faces laterally.