PBSci3a Module 2.pdf

PBSci3a: MODULE 2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OILS 1) Appearance: Liquid at Room Temperature 2) Consistency: Greasy Feel...

PBSci3a: MODULE 2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OILS 1) Appearance: Liquid at Room Temperature 2) Consistency: Greasy Feel 3) Color: Colorless (pure) 4) Odor: Odorless (pure 5) Taste: Tasteless (pure) FATS 1) Appearance: Solid at Room Temperature WHAT ARE LIPIDS? 2) Consistency: Greasy Feel 3) Color: Colorless (pure) Lipids are esters of long chain fatty 4) Odor: Odorless (pure acids and alcohols 5) Taste: Tasteless (pure) They are waxy or oily substances present in all living organisms SOLUBILITY They are non-polar compounds, and are soluble in organic solvents Lipids are ALL INSOLUBLE in polar solvents, like water but Structural and essential source of highly SOLUBLE in non-polar or weakly polar organic energy solvents including ether, chloroform, benzene and acetone. The four solvents are referred to as “LIPID – SOLVENTS or FAT- SOLVENTS” E LUBL SOLU IN S O BLE Water + coconut oil Acetone + coconut oil Dil. HCl + coconut oil DCM + coconut oil Dil NaOH + coconut Ether + coconut oil oil N-Hexane + coconut oil Alcohol +coconut oil Acetone + Margarine Water + Margarine DCM + Margarine Dil. HCl + Margarine Ether + Margarine Dil NaOH + Margarine N-Hexane + Margarine Alcohol + Margarine University of San Agustin - Iloilo City College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology - Pharmacy Department  RANCIDIFICATION EFFECTS OF FATS/OILS ON SURFACE TENSION ACROLEIN FORMATION Formation of acrolein or propenal /acryl aldehyde KHSO4 (K bisulfate) or MgSO4 dehydrating agent KHSO4 is the potassium salt of H2SO4 → pungent irritating odor / acrid odor University of San Agustin - Iloilo City College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology - Pharmacy Department  EMULSIFICATION OF FATS Albumin acts as a stabilizing agent / emulsifier or in some acts by reducing surface tension. TEST TUBE 1 TEST TUBE 2 coconut oil + H2O coconut oil + H2O + Temporary emulsion Na2CO3 Temporary emulsion TEST TUBE 3 TEST TUBE 4 coconut oil + Rancid oil + H2O + albumin Na2CO3 Permanent / stable Temporary emulsion emulsion HALOGENATION REACTION REACTION W/BROMINE REACTION W/IODINE University of San Agustin - Iloilo City College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology - Pharmacy Department  HALOGENATION REACTION SALKOWSKI'S TEST FOR CHOLESTEROL Salkowski's test: bluish red to purple Liebermann Burchard test uses acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid (+) = red or pink-> purple->blue -> bluish – green colour. University of San Agustin - Iloilo City College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology - Pharmacy Department  TEST FOR GLYCEROL GLYCEROL TO ACROLEIN VIA ACID DEHYDRATION EXPT. 3: TEST FOR UNSATURATION IODINE NUMBER Iodine number /value is defined as the number of grams of Iodine which will add to 100grams of fat or oil. Iodine value shows the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids in an oil or fat Iodine number /value is expressed in grams of I2 absorbed by 100 grams of fat/oil. Estimation of Iodine value is to determine the amount of unsaturation present in the given oil. University of San Agustin - Iloilo City College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology - Pharmacy Department  EXPT. 3: TEST FOR UNSATURATION IODINE NUMBER University of San Agustin - Iloilo City College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology - Pharmacy Department  EXPT. 3: TEST FOR UNSATURATION The unsaturated fatty acids absorb iodine at the double bonds until all the bonds are saturated with Iodine. The amount of Iodine required to impart its color to the solution is a measure of the degree of fatty acids. HYDROGENATION OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS University of San Agustin - Iloilo City College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology - Pharmacy Department