Patient Position During Surgery PDF

patient position on the operating table P RO F E S S O R DR YAS S E R OS MAN patient position on the operating table ∙ Each position has its specific uses and potential risks, so it’s crucial to follow best practices and guidelines to ensure patient safety and optimal surgical outcomes Supine...

patient position on the operating table P RO F E S S O R DR YAS S E R OS MAN patient position on the operating table ∙ Each position has its specific uses and potential risks, so it’s crucial to follow best practices and guidelines to ensure patient safety and optimal surgical outcomes Supine Position Description: Patient lies flat on their back. Benefits: Provides easy access to the anterior body, including the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Indications: Abdominal surgeries, cardiac surgeries, and some orthopedic procedures. Hazards: Pressure sores, nerve damage (e.g., brachial plexus injury), and respiratory issues. Avoiding Complications: Use padding to protect pressure points, ensure proper alignment, and monitor for signs of nerve compression. Prone Position Description: Patient lies on their stomach. Benefits: Provides access to the posterior body, including the spine and back of the legs. Indications: Spinal surgeries, rectal surgeries, and certain neurosurgical procedures. Hazards: Respiratory compromise, pressure sores, and eye injuries. Avoiding Complications: Use chest rolls to facilitate breathing, protect the eyes with padding, and ensure proper support for the head and neck. Lateral Position Description: Patient lies on their side. Benefits: Provides access to the lateral aspects of the body. Indications: Thoracic surgeries, kidney surgeries, and hip surgeries. Hazards: Nerve damage (e.g., peroneal nerve), pressure sores, and respiratory issues. Avoiding Complications: Use padding to protect pressure points, ensure proper alignment, and monitor for signs of nerve compression. Lithotomy Position Description: Patient lies on their back with legs raised and supported in stirrups. Benefits: Provides access to the perineal and pelvic areas. Indications: Gynecological surgeries, urological surgeries, and colorectal surgeries. Hazards: Nerve damage (e.g., femoral nerve), pressure sores, and circulatory issues. Avoiding Complications: Ensure proper positioning of the legs to avoid nerve compression, use padding, and monitor circulation. Trendelenburg Position Description: Patient lies on their back with the body tilted so the head is lower than the feet. Benefits: Improves venous return and provides better access to the lower abdomen. Indications: Lower abdominal surgeries and certain gynecological procedures. Hazards: Respiratory compromise, increased intracranial pressure, and pressure sores. Avoiding Complications: Limit the duration of the position, monitor respiratory status, and use padding to protect pressure points. Reverse Trendelenburg Position Description: Patient lies on their back with the body tilted so the head is higher than the feet. Benefits: Reduces blood flow to the upper body and provides better access to the upper abdomen. Indications: Upper abdominal surgeries and certain head and neck procedures. Hazards: Hypotension, pressure sores, and venous pooling in the legs. Avoiding Complications: Monitor blood pressure, use anti-embolism stockings, and ensure proper padding. Sitting Position Description: Patient sits upright or semi-upright. Benefits: Provides access to the posterior and superior aspects of the body. Indications: Neurosurgical procedures, shoulder surgeries, and certain ENT procedures. Hazards: Air embolism, hypotension, and pressure sores. Avoiding Complications: Monitor for signs of air embolism, ensure proper support and padding, and monitor blood pressure. Jackknife Position ∙ Description: involves placing the patient prone (face down) with the hips elevated and the legs and head lowered. This creates a V-shape, which provides optimal access to the rectal and perineal areas. ∙ Indications: Rectal surgeries (e.g., hemorrhoidectomy, pilonidal cyst excision) Perineal procedures Certain spinal surgeries Hazards: Respiratory compromise due to restricted diaphragmatic movement Cardiovascular issues, including reduced venous return and potential hypotension Nerve injuries, particularly to the brachial plexus and ulnar nerves Pressure injuries to the skin and underlying tissues ∙ Avoiding Complications: Ensure proper padding and support to prevent pressure injuries Monitor respiratory and cardiovascular status closely Use arm boards to prevent nerve injuries Regularly check and adjust the patient’s position to maintain alignment and reduce pressure points Employ sequential compression devices to promote venous return Kidney Position ∙ Description: The kidney position involves placing the patient in a lateral decubitus position (lying on their side) with the operating side up. The table is then flexed to elevate the flank, providing better access to the kidney area. ∙ Indications: Kidney surgeries (e.g., nephrectomy, pyeloplasty) Retroperitoneal procedures ∙ Hazards: Respiratory compromise due to limited chest expansion Cardiovascular issues, including hypotension and reduced venous return Nerve injuries, particularly to the brachial plexus and peroneal nerves Pressure injuries to the skin and underlying tissues Risk of compartment syndrome in the lower extremities ∙ Avoiding Complications: Ensure proper padding and support, especially under the dependent arm and leg Monitor respiratory and cardiovascular status closely Use pillows or rolls to maintain proper body alignment Regularly check and adjust the patient’s position to prevent pressure injuries Employ sequential compression devices to promote venous return Benefits of Gel Positioning Pads Pressure Distribution: Evenly distribute pressure to reduce the risk of pressure sores. Comfort: Provide a soft, cushioning surface for enhanced patient comfort. Stability: Help maintain proper positioning and prevent unwanted movement during surgery. Durability: Made from durable materials, they are reusable and easy to clean. ∙ These gel positioning pads are essential for ensuring patient safety and comfort during surgical procedures. gel supports are crucial in ensuring patient safety and comfort during surgical procedures. common types of gel positioning pads, along with their descriptions and indications: 1. Gel Wedges ∙ Description: Triangular-shaped pads that provide support and elevation. ∙ Indication and Uses: Used to elevate limbs or other body parts to improve circulation, reduce swelling, and maintain proper alignment during surgery. 2. Gel Donuts ∙ Description: Circular pads with a hole in the center. ∙ Indication and Uses: Ideal for relieving pressure on bony prominences such as the heels, elbows, or head. They help prevent pressure sores by distributing weight evenly around the area. 3. Gel Flat Pads ∙ Description: Flat, rectangular pads that provide a cushioning surface. ∙ Indication and Uses: Used to protect various parts of the body from pressure sores and nerve damage. They can be placed under the back, buttocks, or other areas that require cushioning. 4. Gel Chest Rolls ∙ Description: Cylindrical pads that support the chest. ∙ Indication and Uses: Used in prone positioning to elevate the chest, allowing for better respiratory function and reducing pressure on the abdomen. 5. Gel Heel Pads ∙ Description: Small, contoured pads designed to fit under the heels. ∙ Indication and Uses: Used to prevent pressure ulcers on the heels, which are particularly vulnerable during long surgeries. 6. Gel Sacral Pads ∙ Description: Contoured pads that fit under the sacral area (lower back). ∙ Indication and Uses: Help distribute pressure evenly in the sacral region, preventing pressure ulcers during prolonged surgeries. 7. Gel Arm Cradles ∙ Description: Contoured pads that support the arms. ∙ Indication and Uses: Used to maintain proper arm positioning and prevent nerve damage and pressure sores. 8. Gel Headrests ∙ Description: Contoured pads that cradle the head. ∙ Indication and Uses: Provide support and stability for the head, preventing pressure sores and ensuring the head remains in a stable position during surgery. Thank you