Pathology Lecture 4: Cell Accumulation PDF

Pathology lecture (4) Cell accumulation Pathology 1. Hyalinosis. 2. Amyloidosis. 3. Hyperuricemia. 4. Calcification. 5. Pathological pigmentation.  Accumulation of homogenous structureless material stains red with...

Pathology lecture (4) Cell accumulation Pathology 1. Hyalinosis. 2. Amyloidosis. 3. Hyperuricemia. 4. Calcification. 5. Pathological pigmentation.  Accumulation of homogenous structureless material stains red with eosin. Mallory body in alcoholic Vascular: Arterioles in hepatitis. hypertension. Russell bodies in rhinoscleroma. Extravascular: Scar. Pathology Accumulation of abnormal protienaceous substance. Stains brown with iodine (thought to be {starch} amylum).  Waxy & Translucent.  ize: enlarged.  urface: smooth.  hape: preserved.  onsistency: Firm and rubbery.  olor: pale brownish.  apsule: stretched.  ut section: Flat with sharp edges.  Homogenous structureless red material ( hyalinosis, fibrinoid necrosis).  Congo red: brown and by polarized light: green birefringence.  Primary: In multiple myeloma, B-cell lymphoma.  Secondary: In chronic destructive lesions (.B., steomyelitis, ronchiectasis, heumatoid arthritis, lcerative colitis).( )  Heredofamilial: In Familial Mediterranean fever.  Senile cardiac amyloidosis.  Senile cerebral amyloidosis.  Alzheimer disease. Pathology  Pathology Disturbance of purines in nucleoprotein metabolism.  Males > Females.  Increased cellular destruction e.g:  Starts around 40 years old. 1. leukemia.  Increased purine breakdown or decreased 2. Hyperuricaemia clearance. Recurrent attacks of arthritis specially in large toe. Pathology  Deposition of calcium salts in tissues other than bone and teeth.  Hard.  Chalky white.  Dark blue. A) Dystrophic calcification: Normal blood calcium, degenerated or necrotic tissue e.g. scar tissue. Necrotic or degenerated tissue → release of enzymes that break down phosphate →↑ PH which facilitates calcification. B) Metastatic calcification: High blood calcium (hypercalcaemia): 1. Increased calcium resorption from bone:  Hyperparathyroidism.  Tumors (multiple myeloma).  Prolonged immobilization. 2. Increased calcium absorption from intestine:  Hypervitaminosis D. 3. Sarcoidosis. Pathology 1. Prolonged exposure to sun due to stimulation of melanocyte stimulating hormone. 1. Leprosy. 2. Addison disease. 2. Albinism. 3. Chloasma of pregnancy. 3. Vitiligo. 4. Tumors e.g: melanoma, neurofibromatosis. 5. Chronic irritation. Pathology  Yellow fat soluble pigments present normally in heart, testis, seminal vesicles, corpus luteum and adrenal cortex.  Old age.  Wasting disease.  Atherosclerosis.  Interstitial hemorrhage (bruises).  Primary hemochromatosis (Bronzed  Chronic venous congestion lung. diabetes).  Secondary hemochromatosis: 1. Repeated blood transfusion. 2. Hemolytic anemia.