Pathfit 3 Midterm PDF

**PATHFIT 3\ REVIEWER** **TABLE TENNIS** \- Also known as [Ping-Pong], fast-paced racket-and-ball game played on a table by two or four persons, usually indoors. Named for its resemblance to the outdoor game of tennis, the game is similarly popular both as a recreational pastime and as a competiti...

**PATHFIT 3\ REVIEWER** **TABLE TENNIS** \- Also known as [Ping-Pong], fast-paced racket-and-ball game played on a table by two or four persons, usually indoors. Named for its resemblance to the outdoor game of tennis, the game is similarly popular both as a recreational pastime and as a competitive sport, especially in Asia. Game that resembles tennis and is played with small paddles and a light hollow ball on a table divided by a net. **Games became popular and was known by different names such as:** - Ping Pong or Gossima - Table Tennis - Whiff Waff - Parlour Tennis - Indoor Tennis - Pom-Pom - Pim-Pam - Royal Game **HISTORY** **1880** - Evolved along with badminton and Lawn tennis. **1890** -- Early version of the game had cloth covered rubber ball, strung racket and wooden fences around table. **1900** - Changes started when celluloid ball was used and name changed to ping-pong due to sound of ball. **1890** - A parlor game known as Ping-Pong started **1920** - the game Ping-Pong change it's name to "Table Tennis" **1926** - the "International Table Tennis Federation" was established in Berlin. **1933** - The United State Table Tennis Association or the USTTA was established. **1950's** - the dominance in Table Tennis shifted to Asia and remain their wih few notable exceptions. **EQUIPMENTS** **RACKET** \- a wooden rubber faced is mandated by the rules. The striking surface of the racket must be covered with pimpled rubber with a pimpled facing inward or outward. A single layer of cellular (sponge) rubber may be located underneath the rubber surface. [The two surface of the blade shall be black on one side and bright red on the other side.] \- Most rackets are quite similar in size, typically measuring around **15 cm (6 inches) in width** **and 25 cm (10 inches) in length**, including the handle. **BALL** \- the ball is small, celluloid, spherical, white or yellow in color, **40mm in diameter and 2.7 g in weight**. It is fragile but quite hard to break unless stepped on. The ITTF approved standard ball has a uniform bounce. If it is dropped from height of **12 inches (30.5cm)** on a plywood table, it should **bounce 83/4 to 9 ¾ inches. (24-26 cm)** **TABLE** \- is **2.74 m (9 ft) long**, **1.525 m (5 ft) wide**, and **76 cm (30 inch) high** with a **Masonite (a type of hardboard)** or similarly manufactured timber, layered with a smooth, low-friction coating. The table or playing surface is divided into two halves by a **15.25 cm (6 inch) high net**. An ITTF approved table surface must be in a **green or blue color**. **NET** \- Is **6ft wide** and stretched across the middle of the table. It is extended to side with a height of **15.25cm (6inch).** **BASIC SKILLS** **GRIPS** **PEN HOLD** \- The pen hold grip is so-named because one grips the racket similarly to the way one holds a writing instrument. The most popular style, usually referred to as the **Chinese penhold style**, involves curling the middle, ring, and fourth finger on the back of the blade with the three fingers always remain touching one another. **Shake Hand** \- The shakehand grip (also called the **\"shakehands grip\"**) is so-named because one grips the racket similarly to the way one performs a handshake. \- The grip is sometimes referred to as the **\"tennis grip**\" or the \"**Western grip**\", although it has no correlation to the Western grip used in tennis. \- The shakehand grip is traditionally popular among players originating in **Western nations and South Asian nations.** **FOREHAND GRIP** \- In forehand grip the short handle of the racket is gripped very closely to the blade, w/ the blade itself partially held in the hand and the forefinger and thumb finger bracing opposite sides of the table. \- The [index finger is positioned behind the table blade] for support. **BACKHAND GRIP** \- The backhand grip is the same as forehand, except that the [thumb is usually placed on the back of the blade]. **POINTER IN GRIPPING THE RACKET:** Do not hold too tightly: RELAX Hold the wrist firm and rotate the forearm as needed to obtain the correct blade angle. Whenever possible, face somewhat to the side in forehand and backhand shots as in tennis. Constantly check the racket hand, making sure that it is no dropped because the wrist is bent. Regularly check the thumb and the index finger to keep them in the proper place. **STROKES** \- Maneuvering of the ball by putting a spin or different types of shots that change the flight of the ball on the table. **Forehand Drive STROKES** \- Keep the upper arm close, but not flush, to the torso. The forearm(form a rough **90 degree bend with the upper arm**) should be drawn back to the 3 o\'clock position, and let the waist turn naturally along with the arm(this is where relaxing is important). \- Shift your weight toward the right foot at the same time. While shifting your weight back to your left foot, swing forward with a slight upward motion, with the waist providing additional force in the swing. \- Use the elbow as a pivot point; it should not move so much up and down, but also should be allowed to move slightly forward in the follow-through. \- Contact with the ball should be made slightly to the side of the body after the top of the bounce. **Forehand Drive** \- [Make sure the paddle is somewhat closed(or facing downwards at an angle]), and remains that way throughout the stroke. Follow-through should finish when racket is parallel with the left shoulder. Immediately return to the ready position. The left foot should be slightly in front of the right for support. **Backhand Drive** From the ready position, the waist turns left with the racket pointing towards the [9 o\'clock position]. When following through, contact with the ball is made in front of the body, slightly after the top of the bounce. Let the elbow again act as the pivot point, and snap the forearm forward in a slightly upward direction. Make sure the paddle is closed. Follow-through should finish naturally (about 12\~1 o\'clock) after contact with ball. The left foot should be slightly ahead of the right. **The Push** \- **Pushes are the basic backspin shots**, used to change the pace of an exchange or to return certain very low and close shots such as backspin serves. \- A **generally defensive shot**, it allows placement anywhere on the table that is difficult to attack when executed properly. All pushes should be done with the right foot stepping in. \- The ball is contacted right after the bounce with an open racket. How open the racket is depends on the intensity of backspin on the ball. Heavier backspin requires a more open racket to return over the net. Try to keep the ball low, varying the amount of backspin and racket angle. **Forehand Push** \- Bring the racket slightly up and back, while keeping the elbow atyour waist. Bend the wrist back. Swing forward with a downward motion, and when the racket reaches the ball snap the wrist forward for extra racket speed. \- With an open racket, graze the bottom half of the ball. An ideal contact point is right after the ball bounces. Never push a ball at the top of the bounce, because the resulting return will pop the ball high enough for the opponent to execute a smash. Try to hit the ball in front and slightly to the right of your body. Follow through forward and slightly down, and return to the ready position. **Backhand Push** \- Bring the racket slightly up and back, close into your stomach while cocking the wrist back. This time try to contact the ball directly in front of your body, and remember to keep the elbow still while the forearm and wrist move forward and down. Graze the bottom of the ball and follow through. **Block** \- **Blocking allows a player to use the opponent\'s force against him/her**, and is done immediately after the bounce so that maximum control and speed are retained. Adjusting the racket angle depends on the severity of topspin on the ball; the more topspin there is, the more you should close the racket. Being essentially a cut-down drive, there is very little backswing and follow-through. **The Smash** \- **The smash, or kill, is the put-away stroke of table tennis.** Any ball that is high enough and close enough to the opponent\'s side can be smashed, although some opportunities are better than others. \- Smashing combines waist, forearm, and wrist movement to the fullest extent. A good smash is very hard to return, but it can be done. Do not dawdle after you have executed a smash. The ball is contacted at the top of the bounce at its highest point. **Forehand Smash** \- Similar to the drive, the key differences include: \- A longer backswing \- Greater weight transfer during swing \- Faster, more intense snapping of the forearm when contacting ball \- Depending on ball height and position, the racket is closed more than usual to keep the ball in the court \- Longer follow-through, but don\'t forget to anticipate a possible return! **Backhand Smash** \- Again, use the guidelines above and apply them to the backhand drive. Be sure to snap the wrist more as you contact the ball and finish in a long followthrough. **Basic Service Techniques** Imparting spin on these serves should be concentrated mostly on the wrist. **Backspin** \- just like pushing or chopping, a backspin serve is executed with an open racket slicing the bottom of the ball. **Topspin** \- like driving, topspin serves can be done hitting with a flat racket, or like looping, where the player grazes the top of the ball with a closed racket for more spin. **Sidespin** \- simply hit the back of the ball in a left-to-right or -right - to- left motion, as desired. To make the stroke easier, try holding the racket in front of you and brushing the bottom of the ball in a pendulum motion. **RULES** **SERVICE** \- A good service is delivered by projecting the ball from the free hand and the projection start from above the playing surface. \- The ball must resting from the palm of the free hand, which is flat\\, and the thumb free the fingers. \- As it started to descends, the ball is struck so that it touches the server's court first and then passing directly over around the net, touches as the receiver court. \- A good return of a served ball must be struck by the receiver on the first bounce so that it passes directly over or around the net and touches directly on the top of the opponents court. **The Return** \- The ball, having been served or returned, shall be struck so that it passes over or around the net assembly and touches the opponent\'s court, either directly or after touching the net assembly. **The Order of Play** -- In ***singles*,** the server shall first make a service, the receiver shall then make a return and thereafter server and receiver alternately shall each make a return. -- In ***doubles***, the server shall first make a service, the receiver shall then make a return, the partner of the server shall then make a return, the partner of the receiver shall then make a return and thereafter each player in turn in that sequence shall make a return **LET** *A let ball, which is then replayed, is called in the following cases:* \- If the served ball, in passing over the net, touches it or its support, provided that the service would otherwise have been good or volleyed by the receiver. \- If a service is delivered when the receiver is not ready, provided always that the receiver may not deem unready if an attempt strike at the ball is made. \- If either player is prevented by an accident not under or his control from serving a good service or making a good return. \- If either player gives up a point as provided in number 3 to 7 under points, owing to an accident not within his/her control. **Play may be interrupted:** \- To correct an error in the order of serving, receiving or ends \- To introduce the expedite system \- To warn or penalise a player or adviser \- Because the conditions of play are disturbed in a way which could affect the outcome of the rally. **POINTS** A point is awarded to the opponent in the following circumstances: \- Failure to make a good service, unless let is declared. \- Failure to make a good return of good service or a good return made by the opponent, unless let is declared. \- If the player, the racket or anything that the player wears or carries touches the net on its support while the ball is in play7. \- If the player, the racket or any wearing apparel moves the playing surface while the ball is in play or touches the net. \- If the player's free hand touches the playing surface while the balls is in the game. \- If before the ball in the play has passed over the end lines or sidelines, not touched the playing surface on the players side of the table after being struck but the opponent, it come in contact with the player or anything the players wear. -If any times the player volleys the ball except as provided in number 1 under let. \- If the player strikes the ball twice in succession. \- If the server (or partner) stomps a foot during the service. **Game** \- A game shall be won by the player or pair first scoring 11 points unless both players or pairs score 10 points, when the game shall be won by the first player or pair subsequently gaining a lead of 2 points. **Match** \- A match shall consist of the best of any odd number of games. **SAFETY ETIQUETTES** \- Warming up helps get your body ready for the rapid coordinated moves that make table tennis such an intensive sport. \- There are no special or unique exercises; it\'s just like warming up before playing any other sport \- A light jog, jump ropes, and various stretches help loosen your muscles and get you \"in gear\" for optimum performance. \- Warming up before play is important and will reduce the chances of muscle and joint injuries. It is ideal to start with general warm up like stretching and jogging. Then spend some time on specific warm up like playing gentle shots for the first 2 -3 minutes with another player. Gradually upping the pace and tempo. \- On an average, players need about 15 minutes to warm up themselves. Cooling down after play is important in preventing injuries. Avoid lying down straight after play. It is good to walk around or just do a few simple stretching exercises to cool down and relax your body.