pathfit-2-3.docx

**UNIT I. INTRODUCTION TO BADMINTON** Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net. The aim of the game is to hit the shuttlecock back and forth ov...

**UNIT I. INTRODUCTION TO BADMINTON** Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net. The aim of the game is to hit the shuttlecock back and forth over the net without allowing it to hit the ground. Players score points by striking a shuttlecock (also known as a birdy) with their racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents\' half of the court. Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. A rally ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor. **HISTORY** Most authorities feel that the game developed from the ancient pastime known as battledore and shuttlecock. The beginnings of Badminton can be traced to mid-18th century British India, where it was created by British military officers stationed there. Early photographs show Englishmen adding a net to the traditional English game of battledore and shuttlecock. Being particularly popular in the British garrison town Poona (now Pune), the game also came to be known as Poona. Initially, balls of wool referred as ball badminton were preferred by the upper classes in windy or wet conditions, but ultimately the shuttlecock stuck. This game was taken by retired officers back to England where it developed and rules were set out. As early as 1860, Isaac Spratt, a London toy dealer, published a booklet titled Badminton Battledore -- a new game, but unfortunately no copy has survived. The new sport was definitively launched in 1873 at the Badminton House, Gloucestershire, owned by the Duke of Beaufort. During that time, the game was referred to as \"The Game of Badminton,\" and the game\'s official name became Badminton. Until 1887, the sport was played in England under the rules that prevailed in British India. The Bath Badminton Club standardized the rules and made the game applicable to English ideas. The basic regulations were drawn up in 1887. In 1893, the Badminton Association of England published the first set of rules according to these regulations, similar to today\'s rules, and officially launched badminton in a house called \"Dunbar\" at 6 Waverley Grove, Portsmouth, England on September 13 of that year. They also started the All England Open Badminton Championships, the first badminton competition in the world, in 1899. The International Badminton Federation (IBF) now known as Badminton World Federation was established in 1934 with Canada, Denmark, England, France, the Netherlands, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, and Wales as its founding members. India joined as an affiliate in 1936. The BWF now governs international badminton and develops the sport globally. While initiated in England, competitive men\'s badminton in Europe has traditionally been dominated by Denmark. Asian nations, however, have been the most dominant ones at the world level. Indonesia, South Korea, China, and Malaysia along with Denmark are among the nations that have consistently produced world-class players in the past few decades, with China being the greatest force in both men\'s and women\'s competition in recent years. Since then, major international tournaments like the Thomas Cup (MEN) and Uber Cup (WOMEN) were held. Badminton was officially granted Olympic status in the 1992 Barcelona Games. From 9 founding members, IBF now have over 150 member countries. **TERMINOLOGIES** **1. Attacking clear:** An offensive stroke hit deep into the opponent\'s court. **2. Backcourt:** Back third of the court, in the area of the back boundary lines. **3. Backhand:** Used to return balls from left of a right-handed player and right of a left-handed player. **4. Base position:** The location in the center of the court to which a singles player tries to return after each shot; also called \"center position\" **5. Baseline:** The back boundary line at each end of the court, parallel to the net. **6. Carry:** An illegal stroke also called a \"sling\" or \"throw\". **7. Centre line:** A line perpendicular to the net that separates the left and right service courts. **8. Clear:** A shot hit deep into the opponent\'s court. **9. Doubles:** Two by two players **10. Doubles sideline:** The side boundary of a doubles court. **11. Drive:** A fast and low shot that makes a horizontal flight over the net. **12. Drop shot:** A shot hit softly and with finesse to fall rapidly and close to the net in the opponent\'s court. **13. Fault:** A violation of the playing rules. **14. Feint:** Any deceptive movement also called a \"balk\". **15. Flick:** A quick wrist-and-forearm rotation **16. Forecourt:** The front third of the court, between the net and the short service line. **17. Forehand:** The stroke used to return a ball hit to the right of a right-handed player and to the left of a left-handed player. **18. Game:** The part of a set completed when one player or side has scored enough points to win a single contest. **19. Hairpin net shot:** A shot made from below and very close to the net and causing the shuttle to rise, just clear the net, then drop sharply down the other side so that the flight of the shuttlecock resembles the shape of a hairpin.**20. Half-court shot**: A shot hit low and to midcourt, used effectively in doubles play against the up-and-back formation.**21. High clear:** A defensive shot hit deep into the opponent\'s court. **22. Kill**: Fast downward shot that cannot be returned. **23. Let:** A minor violation of the rules allowing a rally to be replayed. **24. Long Service Line:** In singles, the back boundary line. In doubles a line 2-1/2 feet inside the back boundary line. The serve may not go past this line. **25. Midcourt**: The middle third of the court, halfway between the net and the back boundary line. **26. Net shot:** A shot hit from the forecourt that just clears the net and drop sharply **27. Passing shot**: A shot which passes the opposing player or team. **28. Push shot**: A gentle shot played by pushing the shuttlecock with a little wrist motion. **29. Rally:** The exchange of shots that decides each point. **30. Serve**: The stroke used to put the shuttlecock into play at the start of each rally; also called a \"service\" **31. Service court**: The area into which a service must be delivered. Different for singles and doubles **32. Short service line**: The front line of the service courts 1.98 meters from the net. **33. Singles:** 1V1 **34. Singles sideline:** The side boundary of a singles court. **35. Set:** To choose to extend a game beyond its normal ending score if the score is tied with one point to go. **36. Smash:** A hard-hit overhead shot that forces the shuttle sharply downwards into the opponent\'s court. **37. Wood shot:** A legal shot in which the shuttle hits the frame of the racket. **UNIT II. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT** **1. COURT** A rectangle laid out with lines of 40mm wide, preferably in white or yellow color. The Badminton Court Dimensions are of 13.4m in length and 6.1m in width. visible to players and officials. **2. NET** The Badminton World Federation\'s Laws of Badminton provide specific standards for net height, width, and construction. An official badminton net must measure 5 feet high in the center, and 5 feet, 1 inch at the sides. The net attaches to vertical posts on either side of the court. The net should measure 30 inches from bottom to top, and must consist of a uniform, dark colored mesh. **3. SHUTTLECOCK** It has a small ball at the front to give it speed, and feathers protruding from it to help it float when it is hit high into the air. An official shuttlecock must have 14-16 feathers and are usually made from a goose or duck and from the left wing of the bird only. **4. RACKET** The racquet is shaped like a tennis racket and has strings, but weighs much less. The frame of the racket, including the handle, is not to exceed 680 mm (26.75 inches) in overall length, and 230 mm (9 inches) in overall width. The overall length of the head is not to exceed 290 mm. Most rackets are made from light man- made materials such as aluminum or graphite, and are strung with synthetic material such as nylon. **UNIT III. BASIC SKILLS** **A. Forehand Grip** Hold the neck of the racket in your left hand (reverse all instructions if you are left- handed). Hold the racket face perpendicular to the ground. \"Shake hands\" with the racket, placing your right hand in the in the middle of the grip.Wrap your fingers around the grip, with your thumb on the side of the handle pointing forward toward the head of the racket. Wrap your fingers around the grip, with your thumb on the side of the handle pointing forward toward the head of the racket. Allow your forefinger and third finger to spread as much as feels comfortable on the grip. Check to see that the \"V\" of your thumb and forefinger is on the top notch of your eight-sided handle. **B. Backhand Grip** Start with your hand in the proper forehand grip position, with the racket face perpendicular to the ground and the \"V\" of your thumb and forefinger on the top of the eight-sided handle. Slide your hand counter-clockwise on the grip, so the \"V\" of your thumb and forefinger is over the top-left bevel of the eight-sided grip. Place the pad of your thumb against the side bevel of the grip, still pointing forward. Use your thumb to support the racket during your quick drives and deep clears. **A. KINDS OF SERVICE** Backhand serve (serving the shuttle with a backhand motion) Forehand serve (serving the shuttle with a forehand motion) **B. Forehand Drill:** using the forehand grip hit the shuttle upward as high as you can twenty five times. **C. Backhand Drill:** using backhand grip hit the shuttle upward as high as you can twenty five times. **D. Combination of forehand and backhand grip:** hit the shuttle alternate backhand and backhand fifty times. **UNIT IV. BASIC STROKES** **1**. **Forehand stroke**. If the player is right-handed, he or she must stand at straddle position with one foot ahead of the other. At a slightly bend position, prepare to strike. When the ball comes to the right side, an approximate length of stride should be done enough to establish distance to meet the ball and the applause should be timely. The racket-shuttle ball contact should be timely to be of good effect. The hand should be firm and the follow-through movement should be done properly. Go back to ready position for the next contact. **2**. **Backhand stroke**. From the initial position, bring the racket to the left side of the body, making the knuckle of the hand face the ball. **3.** **Smash** (hitting the shuttle down fast and steeply) **4.** **Drop shot** (hitting the shuttle so that it falls into the other players front court) **5. Net roll** (hitting a shot from the net that spins over the net) 6**. Lift** (hitting the shuttle from the net, up high into the opponents back court) **7. Drive** (hitting the shuttle flat across the top of the net) **8. Block** (stopping a smash from hitting the ground on your side and hitting back over the net) **9. Clear** (hitting the shuttle from the back of your court, high into the other players back court) **SERVICE** **INTRODUCTION TO SERVICE FAULTS** The **service fault** is the most common type of fault in badminton. Because each player\'s serve action is slightly different, it isn't easy to judge whether their serve action is against the rules. This is why, in international tournaments, as well as an umpire and six line judges, there is a service judge directly opposite the umpire. Aside from the aforementioned faults, if players encounter other serve actions they suspect are against the rules, we suggest you refer to the contents of Item 9 in the Laws of Badminton announced by the BWF to clarify if an action should be ruled a fault or not. **LAWS OF BADMINTON** **9.1 In a correct service**, 9.1.1 neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once the server and the receiver are ready for the service. On completion of the backward movement of server\'s racket head, any delay in the start of the service (Law 9.2), shall be considered to be an undue delay; 9.1.2 the server and the receiver shall stand within diagonally opposite service courts (Diagram A) without touching the boundary lines of these service courts; 9.1.2.1 In Para-badminton Wheelchair and Standing Classes playing half-court. 9.1.3 some part of both feet of the server and the receiver shall remain in contact with the surface of the court in a stationary position from the start of the service (Law 9.2) until the service is delivered (Law 9.3); 9.1.3.1 In Wheelchair Badminton: from the start of the service and until the service is delivered, the wheels of the server and the receiver must be stationary, except the natural counter move of the server\'s wheelchair. 9.1.4the server\'s racket shall initially hit the base of the shuttle; 9.1.5the whole shuttle shall be below the server\'s waist at the instant of being hit by the server\'s racket. The waist shall be considered to be an imaginary line round the body level with the lowest part of the server\'s bottom rib. 9.1.5.1 In Wheelchair Badminton, the whole shuttle shall be below the server\'s armpit at the instant of being hit by the server\'s racket. 9.1.5.2 For Fixed Height Experiment: The whole of the shuttle shall be below 1.10 meters from the surface of the racket court at the instant of being hit by the server\'s racket 9.1.6 the shaft of the server's racket t the instant of hitting the shuttle shall be pointing in downward direction; 9.1.7 the movement of the server's racket shall continue forwards from the start of the service until the service is delivered. 9.1.8 the flight of the shuttle shall be upwards from the server\'s racket to pass over the net so that, if not intercepted, it shall land in the receiver\'s service court (i. e. on or within the boundary lines); and 9.1.9 in attempting to serve, the server shall not miss the shuttle. **9.2** Once the players are ready for the service, the first forward movement of the server\'s racket head shall be the start of the service. **9.3** Once started (Law 9.2), the service is delivered when the shuttle is hit by the server\'s racket or, in attempting to serve, the server misses the shuttle. **9.4** The server shall not serve before the receiver is ready. However, the receiver shall be considered to have been ready if a return of the service is attempted. **9.5** In doubles, during the delivery of service (Law 9.2, 9.3), the partners may take up any positions within their respective courts, which do not unsight the opposing server or receiver. **SINGLES (laws in badminton)** **10.1 Serving and receiving courts** 10.1.1 The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective right service courts when the server has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that game. 10.1.2 The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective left service courts when the server has scored an odd number of points in that game. **10.2 Order of play and position on court.** In a rally, the shuttle may be hit by the server and the receiver alternately, from any position on that player\'s side of the net, until the shuttle ceases to be in play (Law15). **10.3 Scoring and serving** 10.3.1 If the server wins a rally (Law 7.3), the server shall score a point. The server shall then serve again from the alternate service court. 10.3.2 If the receiver wins a rally (Law 7.3), the receiver shall score a point. The receiver shall then become the new server **DOUBLES (laws in badminton)** **11.1 Serving and receiving courts** 11.1.1 A player of the serving side shall serve from the right service court when the serving side has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that game. 11.1.2 A player of the serving side shall serve from the left service court when the serving side has scored an odd number of points in that game. 11.1.3 The player of the receiving side who served last shall stay in the same service court from where he served last. The reverse pattern shall apply to the receiver\'s partner. 11.1.4 The player of the receiving side standing in the diagonally opposite service court to the server shall be the receiver. 11.1.5 The players shall not change their respective service court until they win a point when their side is serving. 11.1.6 Service in any turn of serving shall be delivered from the service court corresponding to the serving side\'s score, except as provided in Law 12. **11.2 Order of play and position on court**. After the service is returned, in a rally, the shuttle may be hit by either player of the serving side and either player of the receiving side alternately, from any position on that player\'s side of the net, until the shuttle ceases to be in play (Law 15). **11.3 Scoring and serving** 11.3.1 If the serving side wins a rally (Law 7.3), the serving side shall score a point. The server shall then serve again from the alternate service court. 11.3.2 If the receiving side wins a rally (Law 7.3), the receiving side shall score a point. The receiving side shall then become the new serving side. **11.4 Sequence of serving** In any game, the right to serve shall pass consecutively: 11.4.1 from the initial server who started the game from the right service court 11.4.2 to the partner of the initial receiver. 11.4.3 to the partner of the initial server 11.4.4 to the initial receiver, 11.4.5 to the initial server and so on. **11.5** No player shall serve or receive out of turn, or receive two consecutive services in the same game, except as provided in Law 12. **11.6** Either player of the winning side may serve first in the next game, and either player of the losing side may receive first in the next game. **SERVICE COURT ERRORS** **12.1 A service court error has been made when a player:** 12.1.1 has served or received out of turn; or 12.1.2 has served or received from the wrong service court; **12.2** If a service court error is discovered, the error shall be corrected and the existing score shall stand. **FAULTS** It shall be a \"fault\": **13.1** if a service is not correct (Law 9.1);