Parts of the Cell PDF

INSIDE THE CELL: Parts & Functions  The body is a community made up of its innumerable cell or inhabitants - Thomas Alva Edison Cell Structure The cell is basically made up of three components namely: cell membrane, cytoplasm and the nucleus 1. Cell Membrane - outer layer of the...

INSIDE THE CELL: Parts & Functions  The body is a community made up of its innumerable cell or inhabitants - Thomas Alva Edison Cell Structure The cell is basically made up of three components namely: cell membrane, cytoplasm and the nucleus 1. Cell Membrane - outer layer of the cell, composed of a double layer 2. Cytoplasm - the living matter within the cell and has fluid and jelly-like substance called hyaloplasm. 3. Nucleus - seperated by porous nuclear membrane within the hyaloplasm, has liquid portion called karyolymph where chromatin materials and necleolus are found. Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES  PARTS AND FUNCTION A. CELL MEMBRANE - Outermost layer of an animal cell and in Plant Cell. - Regulates the entrance and exit of substances in the cell. A. CELL MEMBRANE UNDER A MICROSCOPE  B. CYTOPLASM: Cell Manufacturers 1. Endoplasmic Reticulum - Series of membranes channels that forms a continuous network extending from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Some are attached to the ER that give them rough appearance Endoplasmic Reticulum under the Microscope Endoplasmic Reticulum under the Microscope ROUGH ER - Associated with active protein synthesis process SMOOTH ER - Does not contain ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis and transport of lipids or detoxification of a variety of poison in the cell. 2. Ribosomes - occur as free particles suspended within cytoplasm or attached to the ER, granular particles composed of protein and RNA - Synthesizes protein molecules that maybe used to build cell structures or to function as enzymes. Ribosomes under the Microscope  3. Golgi Apparatus - Cluster of flattened membranous sacs that are continuous with the channels of the SER - for storage, modification and packing of materials produced for secretory export. Also involved in the formation of lysosomes and other transport vesicles of the cell.  C. ENERGY PROCESSING 4. Mitochondria - double walled membranous sacs with folded inner partitions called cristae. Contains its own DNA and ribosomes, thus it can independently replicate itself and appear to control the synthesis of its membrane. - release energy from food molecules and transform it into usable ATP which happens during cellular respiration. 5. Chloroplast (plants only) - double membrane organelles called thylakoids and has similar characteristics with mitochondria - responsible for the conversion of light energy to chemical energy of sugars in the photosynthetic process in plants.  D. BREAKDOWN OF MATERIALS 6. Lysosomes - Single walled membranous sacs - responsible in digestion of nutrients, bacteria and damaged cells or programmed cell death during embyronic development 7. Peroxisomes - Spherical membranous vesicles that contain enzymes. - detoxify harmful molecules and the enzymes produced are involved in the oxidative deamination of amino acids and breakdown to hydrogen peroxide 8. Vacuoles - membranous sacs - store and release various substances within the cytoplasm, responsible for cell enlargement and water balance  SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT 9. Cytoskeleton includes the centrosomes, cilia, flagella, fibrils and microtubles found either in plant or animal cell - used in the maintenance of the cell shape  Centrosomes - found only in animal cell which help to organize spindle fibers and distribute chromosome during mitotic cell division  Fibris and Microtubules - thin, hollow tubes that support the cytoplasm and transport materials within cytoplasm  C. NUCLEUS - bounded by a membrane - controls or regulates all chemical reaction within the cell