Cell Parts & Functions PDF

CELL Parts & Functions  NUCLEUS The nucleus “Control Center of the Cell” (pl.nuclei) controls all the activities of the cell. The sole site of...

CELL Parts & Functions  NUCLEUS The nucleus “Control Center of the Cell” (pl.nuclei) controls all the activities of the cell. The sole site of chromosome reproduction. NUCLEUS Cell Membrane Cell MEMBRANE A structure that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.  Cell WALL It is an additional boundary aside, very tough substance made up of cellulose, which supports and protects the Cell wall cell from injury.  CYTOPLASM It helps to fill out the and cytoplasm keep the organelles in their place. It aids to dissolve waste products.  MITOCHONDRIA “Powerhouse of the Cell” It is responsible for energy production. The energy produced is important for the vital activities of the cell, such as growth and reproduction.  RIBOSOMES LARGE unit Ribosomes are small granular structures made up of RNA and proteins. It involves in the production of proteins. Small unit  SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM “Quality Control Unit of the Cell” The SER is a branching canal (without ribosomes) that serves for the transport of large molecules inside the Smooth er cell.  ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM It is an organelles where ROUGH er most of the ribosomes are attached. Proteins produced in the ribosomes need to be transported through the RER.  GOLGI BODIES “The Shippers of the Cell” To package, modify, and transport materials to locations inside and/or outside the cell.  VACUOLES “The Refrigerator VACUOLES of the Cell” Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles for the storage of food, enzymes, and other materials needed by the cell.  vesicles “The Jeepney of the Cell” Vesicles are organelles that carry substances in and out of the cell. Food particles needed by the cell are transported through the vesicles.  LYSOSOMES STRUCCTURE OF “The Little Stomach LYSOSOMES of the Cell” It contains enzymes that breakdown worn out organelles. It is responsible for digestion and waste removal. CENTROSOMES & CENTRIOLES centrosomes Centrosome – small dense region of the cytoplasm that serves as the main microtubule organizing center. Centrioles – barrel-like Centrioles structures perpendicular to each other. Both regulates cell division by forming spindle fibers microtubules  plastids Plastids are involved in manufacture of foods (photosynthesis). It contains ribosome and DNA. plastids Chloroplasts Green plants, contains green pigments called chlorophyll. Chromoplasts Yellow and orange plants, usually contains in flowers and fruits but some are leaf. Leucoplasts Are colorless plastics for the storage of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.  cytoskeleton It is a network of thin and fibrous elements serving as the “bones and muscles” of cells. CELL CYTOSKELETO MEMBRAN N E