part222.pdf

Dr.Aeshah Hassan Abduljabbar Chain of Infection and Routes of Transmission The Chain of Infection 1Infectious agent 2Reservoir 3Portal of exit from the reservoir 5Portal of Entry into a host 4Mode of trasmission Bacteria virus fungus parastite 6Susceptibl e Host 1-Infectious agent • •...

Dr.Aeshah Hassan Abduljabbar Chain of Infection and Routes of Transmission The Chain of Infection 1Infectious agent 2Reservoir 3Portal of exit from the reservoir 5Portal of Entry into a host 4Mode of trasmission Bacteria virus fungus parastite 6Susceptibl e Host 1-Infectious agent • • • • • • is defined as the pathogen that causes the infectious disease. Example: virus Bacteria fungi prions. 2-Reservoir A place where microorganisms live and reproduce • is the second element in the chain of infection. It’s the environment where the agent can live and survive. 3Portal of exit from the reservoir • • • • • • is the agent’s path to leave the reservoir. Example for the port of exit A) Skin. B) Blood. C) Respiratory tract D) Transplacental 4- Mode of transmission • is defined as the “pathway that the pathogen takes to spread” Modes of Disease Transmission • Direct transmission • Indirect transmission • Airborne Transmission • Parenteral transmission Modes of Disease Transmission 1-Direct Transmission • Through Person to person contact • Direct contact results from transferring the microorganisms from an infected patient to an uninfected patient via blood transfer or body fluid. Modes of Disease Transmission 2- Indirect transmission transfer from a contaminated object • Microorganisms transmitted to —> an object or surface then —> another person • Indirect contact results from transferring the microorganisms via contaminated items/objects or healthcare workers’ contaminated hands to uninfected patient. Modes of Disease Transmission 3- Airborne transmission • Known as “droplet Infection” • Enter the respiratory tract via a droplet or aerosol. • nhalation • Through Air, cough, sneeze. Modes of Disease Transmission 3- Airborne transmission in CSSD • An aerosol may form in the CSSD when handling liquids, operating an ultrasonic bath, running a tap, brushing or blowing on a wet surface or when ventilation/humidification units release contaminating microbes. • Manual brushing of contaminated reusable medical devices should be carried out only while submerging in the sink. • Keeping the lid closed when using the ultrasonic bath prevents escape of aerosols. Modes of Disease Transmission 4- Parenteral transmission “Injection: • Parenteral= Through the skin • Occur through accidental peentration of the skin through Needle stick injuries and cuts. 5- Portal of Entry into a host The path that the infectious agent takes to enter the suspected host. • • • • • Similar to the portal of exit. a) Skin b) Blood c) Respiratory tract d) Transplacental 6Susceptibl e Host • “The susceptibility of the person to fight the infection or to get infected.” Accidental Needlestick or Sharps Injury Assess