DNA Replication PDF
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Far Eastern University
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Summary
These notes cover DNA replication, including the processes, steps, enzymes involved, and models. They discuss the importance of DNA replication in cell division. The document also includes diagrams.
Full Transcript
DNA Replication AP Biology 2007-2008 AP Biology DNA Replication Purpose: cells need to make a copy of DNA before dividing so each daughter cell has a complete copy of genetic information 3 proposed Models of Replication AP Biology Mese...
DNA Replication AP Biology 2007-2008 AP Biology DNA Replication Purpose: cells need to make a copy of DNA before dividing so each daughter cell has a complete copy of genetic information 3 proposed Models of Replication AP Biology Meselson and Stahl Experiment AP Biology Semi-Conservative Model Replication of DNA base pairing allows each strand to serve as a template for a new strand new strand is 1/2 parent template & 1/2 new DNA AP Biology Anti-parallel strands Nucleotides in DNA backbone are bonded from phosphate to sugar between 3 & 5 carbons 5 3 DNA molecule has “direction” complementary strand runs in opposite direction THIS WILL CAUSE A PROBLEM FOR REPLICATION AP Biology 3 5 Bonding in DNA hydrogen bonds 5 3 covalent phosphodiester bonds 3 5 ….strong or weak bonds? How AP do the bonds fit the mechanism for copying DNA? Biology DNA Replication Large team of enzymes coordinates replication AP Biology AP Biology Replication: 1st step Unwind DNA helicase enzyme unwinds part of DNA helix stabilized by single-stranded binding proteins PREVENTS DNA MOLECULE FROM CLOSING! DNA gyrase Enzyme that prevents tangling upstream from the replication fork helicase gyrase single-stranded binding proteins AP Biology replication fork Replication: 2nd step RNA Primase Adds small section of RNA (RNA primer) to the 3’ end of template DNA Why must this be done? DNA polymerase 3 (enzyme that builds new DNA strand) can only add nucleotides to existing strands of DNA AP Biology Replication: 3rd step Build daughter DNA strand add new complementary bases With the help of the enzyme DNA polymerase III DNA Polymerase III AP Biology Replication: 4th step Replacement of RNA primer by DNA Done by DNA polymerase I AP Biology Okazaki Leading & Lagging strands Limits of DNA polymerase III can only build onto 3 end of 5 an existing DNA strand 3 5 3 5 3 5 5 3 Lagging strand ligase growing 3 replication fork 5 Leading strand Lagging strand 3 5 3 DNA polymerase III Okazaki fragments joined by ligase Leading strand AP Biology “spot welder” enzyme continuous synthesis AP Biology DNA replication on the lagging strand RNA primer is added built by primase serves as starter sequence for DNA polymerase III HOWEVER short segments called Okazaki fragments are made because it can only go in a 5 3 direction 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 growing 3 primase replication fork DNA polymerase III 5 RNA 5 AP Biology 3 AP Biology Replacing RNA primers with DNA NEXT DNA polymerase I removes sections of RNA DNA polymerase I primer and replaces with 5 DNA nucleotides 3 3 5 ligase growing 3 replication fork 5 RNA 5 3 STRANDS ARE GLUED TOGETHER BY DNA LIGASE AP Biology Replication fork DNA polymerase III lagging strand DNA polymerase I 3’ Okazaki primase fragments 5’ 5’ ligase 3’ 5’ SSB 3’ helicase DNA polymerase III 5’ leading strand 3’ direction of replication AP Biology SSB = single-stranded binding proteins AP Biology