Intermolecular Forces: Properties Of Matter PDF

Properties of Matter Influenced by the Intermolecular Forces Solubility Refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature. The solute is the substance that is being dissolved, while the solvent is the dissolving medium Solubility...

Properties of Matter Influenced by the Intermolecular Forces Solubility Refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature. The solute is the substance that is being dissolved, while the solvent is the dissolving medium Solubility If two liquids dissolve or mix together, they are called miscible liquids. If two liquids do not dissolve or mix together, they are called immiscible liquids. Solubility Substances or molecules that form interactions with water are also described as hydrophilic. Dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding are the primary IMFA in hydrophilic substances. Solubility Substances or molecules that repel water are described as hydrophobic. London dispersion forces are the primary IMFA in these substances. Melting Point The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid. Substances with stronger IMFA have higher melting points compared to those with weaker IMFA. Boiling Point The temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas. Substances with stronger IMFA have higher boiling points compared to those with weaker IMFA. Surface Tension The force that causes molecules on the surfaces of the liquid to be pushed together and form a layer. Surface Tension Cohesive forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules of the same kind while adhesive forces are attractive forces that exist between the molecules of different types. Surface Tension Molecules with stronger intermolecular forces will exert greater cohesive forces and acquire less surface area than those with weaker IMFA. This means… liquids with strong IMFA have high surface tensions and liquids with weaker IMFA have low surface tension. Viscosity The measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. It is often referred to as the thickness of a fluid. Molecules with stronger intermolecular forces have higher viscosity compared to those with weaker IMFA. Vapor Pressure The pressure exerted by vapor in equilibrium with its liquid phase in a closed system. Substances with stronger IMFA have lower vapor pressure compared to those with weaker IMFA.  Strength of intermolecular forces compounds with compounds with compounds compounds London dispersion dipole-dipole with ion-dipole with hydrogen forces forces forces bonding