IMG_0902.jpeg

## **LESSON 2: CELL ANATOMY** **1st SEMESTER 2024-2025 | PROF. JEMWEL SICO** ### **TRANSLATION** - Translation occurs in the cell cytoplasm after mRNA has exited the nucleus through the nuclear pores. - The mRNA attaches to a ribosome. - Codons (3 nucleotide bases) on the mRNA are read by antic...

## **LESSON 2: CELL ANATOMY** **1st SEMESTER 2024-2025 | PROF. JEMWEL SICO** ### **TRANSLATION** - Translation occurs in the cell cytoplasm after mRNA has exited the nucleus through the nuclear pores. - The mRNA attaches to a ribosome. - Codons (3 nucleotide bases) on the mRNA are read by anticodons (3 nucleotide bases) on transfer RNA (tRNA). - Transfer RNA transports specific amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome-mRNA complex and initiates formation of the polypeptide chain. - The process continues until the entire polypeptide is completely formed. ### **DNA REPLICATION** - During interphase, the DNA (located in chromosomes in the cell's nucleus) is replicated. - The two strands of DNA separate from each other, and each strand serves as a template for the production of a new strand of DNA. - Nucleotides in the DNA of each template strand pair with new nucleotides that are subsequently joined by enzymes to form a new strand of DNA. - The sequence of nucleotides in the DNA template determines the sequence of nucleotides in the new strand of DNA. - Replication of DNA gives two identical chromatids joined at a centromere; both form one chromosome. ### **THE CELL CYCLE** - During growth and development, cell division occurs to increase the number of cells or replace damaged or dying ones. - This cell division involves a cell cycle. - The cell cycle includes two major phases: a non dividing phase, called interphase, and a cell dividing phase, termed mitosis. - A cell spends most of its life cycle in interphase performing its normal functions. **BSN 1101: ΑΝΑPHY** **LESSON 2**