Ovarian Cancer and Endometriosis Group 11 Presentation PDF

Ovarian Cancer Understanding Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment  Ovarian Cancer Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the ovaries. It occurs when cells in the ovary grow uncontrollably and form a tumor. It is challenging to detect early because its symptoms...

Ovarian Cancer Understanding Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment  Ovarian Cancer Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the ovaries. It occurs when cells in the ovary grow uncontrollably and form a tumor. It is challenging to detect early because its symptoms are often vague and can be mistaken for other conditions.  Types of Ovarian Cancer Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Most common type, starts on the ovary's outer surface. Germ Cell Tumors: Rare, affect younger women, start in egg-producing cells. Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors: Develop in hormone- producing ovarian tissue. Primary Peritoneal and Fallopian Tube Cancer: Similar to epithelial ovarian cancer. Borderline Ovarian Tumors: Abnormal cells, usually cured with surgery.  Causes and Risk Factors Age: Common after menopause. Family History: Ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer history increases risk. Genetic Mutations: BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes increase risk. Reproductive History: Fewer pregnancies or late first pregnancy increases risk. Hormone Therapy: Prolonged estrogen-only HRT after menopause is a factor. Others: Endometriosis, obesity, smoking, PCOS, and fertility drugs.  Diagnostic Investigations Ultrasound CT Scan MRI CA-125 (Cancer Antigen 125) Biopsy Tumor Marker Tests Genetic Testing Pelvic Examination  Staging of Ovarian Cancer Stage I: Confined to ovaries. Stage II: Spread to pelvis. Stage III: Spread to abdominal cavity. Stage IV: Distant metastasis.  Clinical Manifestations Early Symptoms Abdominal bloating, pelvic pain, feeling full quickly, urinary urgency. Advanced Symptoms Abdominal swelling, ascites, vaginal bleeding, shortness of breath.  Medical and Surgical Treatments Surgical Options Total abdominal hysterectomy, cytoreductive surgery, laparoscopic surgery. Chemotherapy Taxane and platinum-based drugs. Other Therapies - Radiation, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy.  Nursing Management Pain Management Nutritional Support Emotional Support Monitoring Complications Education and Communication  Preventive Measures Use Oral Contraceptives Consider Gynecologic Surgery Maintain Healthy Weight Breastfeeding Avoid Hormone Replacement Therapy Consider Childbearing  References American Cancer Society: www.cancer.org National Cancer Institute: www.cancer.gov Mayo Clinic: www.mayoclinic.org Cancer Research UK: www.cancerresearchuk.org Endometriosis An Overview of Approaches to Care and Prevention  Definition and Types of Endometriosis Definition of Endometriosis: A chronic condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, causing inflammation, scarring, and adhesions. Types of Endometriosis: Superficial Peritoneal Endometriosis Ovarian Endometriosis (Chocolate Cysts) Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis Note: Endometriosis can occur outside the pelvis, but it’s rare. Visualize the types of endometriosis, e.g., images of affected areas. Causes and Risk Factors of Endometriosis Causes of Endometriosis: Retrograde Menstruation Genetic Predisposition Immune System Dysfunction Environmental Factors Surgical Scars Risk Factors: Age, Family History, Menstrual Cycle, Early Menarche, Late Menopause, Infertility, Pelvic Surgery Visualize risk factors, e.g., a graphic or diagram showing factors contributing to endometriosis.  Clinical Manifestations of Endometriosis Pelvic Pain: Common symptom, often cyclical Dysmenorrhea: Severe menstrual cramps Dyspareunia: Pain during or after intercourse Dysuria and Dyschezia: Painful urination or bowel movements Infertility: Associated with 30-50% of cases Fatigue and Systemic Symptoms: Bloating, digestive issues Visual: A diagram of symptoms or infographics illustrating the impact on daily life.  Diagnostic Investigations Medical History and Physical Examination Imaging Techniques: Ultrasound: Useful for identifying large cysts MRI: Best for deep infiltrative endometriosis Laparoscopy: The gold standard for diagnosis Biopsy: Confirms endometriosis presence CA-125 Blood Test: Elevated in advanced cases Visual: Images of laparoscopy or ultrasound scans.  Emerging Diagnostic Approaches Biomarkers: Research on non-invasive tests Genetic Testing: Identifying genetic risk factors Visual: Research/biomarker graphics or lab equipment images.  Medical and Surgical Treatments Medical Treatments: Hormonal therapies: Contraceptives, progestins, GnRH agonists Non-hormonal therapies: NSAIDs, antiprogestogens Pain relief: Acetaminophen, gabapentin Surgical Treatments: Conservative Surgery: Laparoscopy, endometrioma cystectomy Radical Surgery: Hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy Visual: Diagrams of surgical options or treatment flowchart. Nursing Management for Endometriosis Conduct thorough patient history and physical examination. Use symptom diaries to track menstrual cycles, pain levels, and other symptoms. Collaborate with healthcare providers for diagnostic imaging (ultrasound, MRI) and laparoscopy if necessary. Educate patients about endometriosis, its symptoms, and potential complications. Discuss treatment options including medical (hormonal therapy) and surgical interventions.  Prevention of Endometriosis Encourage a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats. Promote regular physical activity to maintain a healthy weight. Educate women about menstrual health and encourage them to seek medical advice for severe menstrual pain. Promote the use of hormonal contraceptives to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce endometrial tissue growth. Discuss family history with patients; those with a family history of endometriosis may benefit from genetic counseling.  Early Diagnosis and Clinical Trials Advocate for early diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis to prevent disease progression. Encourage women to report symptoms early to healthcare providers. Encourage participation in clinical trials or research studies aimed at understanding endometriosis better.  References American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2020). "Endometriosis." ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 218. Giudice, L. C., Kao, L. C. (2004). "Endometriosis." The Lancet, 364(9447), 1789-1799. Vercellini, P., et al. (2014). "Endometriosis: Current and future medical treatment." Human Reproduction Update, 20(6), 778-792. Simoens, S., et al. (2012). "The burden of endometriosis: Costs and quality of life of women with endometriosis and its impact on society." Fertility and Sterility, 98(3), 558-567. Horne, A. W., et al. (2017). "Endometriosis: A review of the clinical evidence." Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6(12), 113. THANK YOU  NAMES INDEX NUMBERS CRYSTALOIS ADJEI PU/211171 AKOTO GODSWAY PRISCILLA PU/211253 SHARON BENSON PU/210647 BONI ELISHA ABOAGYE PU/211219 TABITHA BOYE PU/210153 DEBORAH COFIE PU/211199 OPOKU GRACE BLESSING PU/210905 RANSFORD CLOTTEY PU/210738 GRACE ARKOWAH MENSAH PU/211128 VERA POMAA INKUMSAH PU/210705