Our Country India PDF

10. Our Country India People of India Key An introduction to India Unity in diversity Conce ts S...

10. Our Country India People of India Key An introduction to India Unity in diversity Conce ts States of India t w are. pictures which you think Look at the picturescarefully.Tick (V) the represent the culture of India. India or Bharat is surrounded by WiseOwl Asks China, y_gpaJ,Bhutan in the North and Among the neighbouring countries of North-east; Pakistan and Afghaniqtan India, can you name any two which at in the and Myanmar one time were a part of India? in the East and Sri Lanka in the South: These are the neighbouring countries of India. Owing to its size and unique location, India has always been a major cultural, social and economic centre. As the world's largest dgæ_gacy, with a population of nearly 1.2 billion, India is now seen as an emerging superpower. It is also a land of immense diversity—social, cultural and democracy: a system in which the people of a country elect their government I diversity: variety 84  Indiagainedits Independence from the British on August 15, 1947. It is a democratic countryconsisting of 28 states and eight union territories, each with a unique cultureof its own. India is also a multilingual society. Someof the languages spoken here are Urdu, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Odia,Gujarati, Punjabi, Kashmiri, Dogri, Marathi and a variety of other tribal and regionallanguages.A list of these states and union territories along with their capitalsis given below. Itextends from 804'N to 3706'N latitudes and 6807'E to 97025' E. India is the seventh largestco fry in the world. tate Ca ital State apital Amaravati (Proposed J)Andhra Pradesh (lS)Manipur Imphal capital: Visakhapatnam) Pradesh 2) Arunachal Itanagar Meghalaya Shillong 3Åssam Dispur Mizoram Aizawl Bihar Patna Nagaland Kohima hhattisgarh Raipur Odisha Bhubaneswar Goa Panaji (20 Punjab Chandigarh (7 Gujarat Gandhinagar Rajasthan Jaipur aryana Chandigarh Sikkim Gangtok Himachal Pradesh Shimla 23 TamilNadu Chennai Telangana Hyderabad Jharkhand Ranchi ripura Agartala (23 Karnataka Bengaluru ttarPradesh Lucknow Kerala Thiruvananthapuram )3)Uttarakhand Dehradun quo) MadhyaPradesh Bhopal estBengal Kolkata Maharashtra Mumbai nion Territory Capital Union Territory Capital Jammu and Kashmir Srinagarand D Andaman and Nicobar Islands Port Blair Jammu 2) Lakshadweep Islands Kavaratti Chandigarh Chandigarh 3 Puducherry Puducherry National Capital Territory New Delhi Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman Ladakh Leh S Daman and Diu multilingual:speaking or using different languages 85  India has many industries, Country O State/UT Capit-al% which not only produce Cat)itaf LAD JAMMU o o Other Cities quality goods but also SrinsgA' UnionTerritories' employ a large number of.G *'fidlgtfht. people. India is among the AKIST AN 'i'tJNJ,AD top fiveFducers of tea, Silk, coffee, sygar» spices, jodhputo Lucknow Ganqt SAM rubber and cotton in the PRADE91f PrayagmJ 'W,ihati world. It is the largest newno Ida ANGLADESV/ Aqarta'a. mph.' MANIPUR GÜJÅ.itAf EST producer of milk and rtODie. Of Gandh MADhYA PRADESH BENGAii bananas in the world. India Suröt oSarnbafpuf ö,MYANMAR At%avati agpur is a vast country with a large Dama Cottat MAHARASHTRA 'S ODISHAo h aneswat OAORAANDNAGÅR"A The people ANDDAMANANDD O rune Nlznmabad of India live in different Solapuro TELANGANA , O sakhapatnam 8Secunderabad KOI akinada Hyderabad states. Some people live truoUCneRRYj ANAM Ralchur A arava Pana BAY 40 urnool G OF in hilly regions and plains, ARA SEA BIAN ANDHRA RADES ellore BENGAL whereas some live in coastal Mangalu Chennai regions. Different parts of LAKSHADWEp joSalem PUDUCHERRY Åort Blair (INDIA) TAMIL KARAIKAL 9Kavåratti NADU India also have different Kochi 0Mad i ofßiæz types Thiruvananthapuram nelveli SRI As a result of this, people ANKA INDIAN OCEAN Map not to scale liiång in different states have different lifestylesand Political Map of India cultures. People also speak different languages, wear different kinds of clothes and eat different types offood. There is also a great variety in handicrafts, music and dance forms of the people. India is a united country despite its diversity. This is called 'unity in diversity'. Language A great variety of languages are spoken in India. Out of all the languages,22 languages are recognised by the Constitution of India as National Languages Hindi, Bgpgalj, Telugu, Marathi and Tamjl are some of the popular languages in the country. climate: weather conditions of a place Coconut rice food peopleliving in different parts of India eat different kinds of food. In North India wheat is the staple food, but people algo eat rice. Maize,jowar and bajra arecommonly eaten in Rajasthan. People also eat jaggery_.Rice.is the staple food ofpeopleof South India anci North-east India. In coastal areas of South India, peopleuse coconut for cooking most of food items. Indian food is famous for theuse of various spices and herbs. Some of the commonly used spices are chillies, cardamom, cloves, cumin seeds, pepper, cinnamon, ginger and garlic. peopleuse mustard oil, desighee! groundnut oil and coconut oil for cooking food. Nowadays,people also use olive oil, as it is healthier than other oils. Clothing peopleall over India wear clothes according to the_seasonyxegion and occasion.That is why clothes worn in Kashmir are different fromthe clothes worn in Tamil Nadu. There are some clothes that are worn by people of a particular region_oply.Thus, we canrecognise the place to which a person belongs, by looking at 1 his/herclothes.For example, both men and women in&shmir weara long kurta called pheran. There are some clothes that are commonly worn by men and women allover India.These include sari, salwar-kameeg, trousersvfrans, shirt and T-shirt. A dhoti is also Women in different parts of the country wear saris in different known as veshti in styles.Kurta-pyjama and dhoti-kurta are commonly worn by men Tamil Nadu and mundu in Kerala top Gee Look at the pictures and write their names. You can take the help of the word box. jaggery: a dark brown sweet sugar-like thing, also called 'gur' 87  in India. Men in South India wear dhoti in different styles. A dhoti is also known as veshti in Tamil Nadu.and mundu in Kerala. Many men in Gujarat and Ra)asthan wear an angvakha with a dhoti or a pyjama. an Decorative objects made by hand are called handicrafts. India is famous _forits handicrafts-around the world.Handicraftssuch as earthen pots, jewellgvymade of beads, bamboo baskets and toys as well as terracqtta decorative items are very pppulav,Handicraftsof different places di r as per the availability of the raw material. For example, people in coastal regions make handicrafts of Rajasthan is the largest state in India coconut choir_.In West Bengal and e and Goa is the smallest state. The seven states Assam, handicraftsofjuteand bamboo Assam, Manipur, MeghaJ9Y2, are common. Shovpieces andjewellery aland and Tripura in. : of shells is also commonly made near N¯FQfiGastermlndia, are together seas, as shells are easily available. known as the Seven Sisters. Music Music is an important part of our lives.Listening to music relaxes our mind.«lndian music isdivided into Hindustani music in North India and Carnaticunusic classical in South India.At various religious places such as temples, churches, dargahs and gurdwaras, devotional songs are sung by devotees or priests. For example, bhajans„ in temples, carols in churches, kirtan in gurdwaras and qayywali in dargahs, are good examples of Indian music. Some of the common Indian music instruments are tabla, flute, santoor, dholak, sitar and shehnai. Dance forms Dance forms in India are divided into classical dance and folk dance. Classical dance forms are Kathak, Bharatnatyam» Kathakali, Manipuri, Kuchipudi,Mohiniyattant and Odissi. These dance forms belong to different states of India. To learn classical dance, people take training.in special dance Women_playing dand@ya terracotta: a type of brownish-red coloured clay I choir: a rough fabric made from coconut cover 88 schoolsunder skilled teachers or gurus for many years. Read the table to learn aboutthe dance orms of different states. f)bvftm assical Dance forms States/Region Kathak North India Bharatnatyam Tamil Nadu Kathakali Kerala Odissi Odisha Mohiniyattam Kerala Kuchipudi Andhra Pradesh Folkdance forms are performed by common people on various occasions such as festivalsor the beginning of a new season. Bhangra and gidda of Punjab, dandiya and garba of Gujarat are ægyy_popular folk dance forms. top Over Look at these pictures and write their names. You can take the help of the word box. : dholak guitar tabla FESTIV India is a land of festivals. Some festivals Ustad Bismillah Khan was a great are related to religion, whereas some shehnaiplayer.Hewasawarded are relatedwith seasons.There are a. Bharat Ratna and many other also some festivals that are celebrated awardsfor his contributionto Indian music. by all people of the country. These festivals are called national festivals. There are three national festivals celebrated in India—lndependence_PERepyblic Day and Gandhi Jayanti. We celebrate Independence Day on 15th August every year, to celebrate India's freedom from 89 the&itishxule. iscelebrated of 26thJanuary, to mark the formation of the Constitution of India. On2pd.OctQb€!mGandhi Jayanti is celebiated to mark the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of our Nation. Some common religious festivals are Eid, WiseOwl Asks Dussehra, Diwali,Gurpurab and Christmas. What makes the people of India People all over India celebrate these festivals united despite having different with great joy. They eat tasty sweets and lifestyles and cultures? wear new clothes. As India is an agricultural land, people also celebrateharvest festivals. Baisakhiin Punjab Bihu in Assam, Pongal in Tamil Nadu and Onam in Kerala are popular harvest festivals of India.