OralCom Reviewer PDF

ORALCOM Importance Of Communication Strengthens your exisirng relationship and help form positive bonds for future interactions. Enables people to provide and receive information. Helps people in their professional growth, specifically in attaining life goals. Opens opportuni...

ORALCOM Importance Of Communication Strengthens your exisirng relationship and help form positive bonds for future interactions. Enables people to provide and receive information. Helps people in their professional growth, specifically in attaining life goals. Opens opportunities for people to contribute to the society and lead initiatives. Nature of Communication Communication is a two-way process. Knowledge of language is significant. Meeting of minds is necessary. Communication may be made through gestures. Communication is a continuous process. Communication is universal. Communication may be formal or informal. The Communication Process Sender / Encoder — source of the message, makes use of symbols to convey the message and produce required response Receiver / Decoder — whome the message is intended, has to understand the message Channel / Medium — where the message is exchanged or transmitted Message — key idea Feedback — response or reaction Noise — makes the communication unsuccessful Context — location, episode, manner, factors that work together to determine the meaninh of the message Communication Models Shannon and Weaver’s Linear Communication InfoSource -> Transmitter (Encoder) -> Channel -> Receiver (Decoder) -> Destination (Noise) Schramm’s Interactive Communication — transactional —————> Message Message Message -> Channel -> Receiver Components Of A Message Content — mesage with its intended meaning Elements — body movements or facial expressions Treatment — may be urgent, casual, unimportant Structure — arrangement Code — overall meaning Barriers in Communication Environment — noises, distance, acoustics of room, sound of engines Lack of Formal Communication — relying too much in gossip Wtitten Communication — shortcuts and unnecessary symbols Intercultural Barriers — religion, nationality, beliefs, values, norms, regional boundaries Age / Physical Condition — physical growth and maturity Language Types Of Communication Verbal Communication — oral or written Non-verbal Communication — actions, body language, non-oral expressions × Kinesics = language of body × Proxemics = language of distance × Chronemics = language of time × Haptics = language of touch × Olfactics = language of smell × Artefactual = language of objects × Physical Appearance × Aesthetics = language of nature Effective Communication Skills Voice Projection — loudness Vary in Pitch and Inflection — change in tone of voice from time to time Vary the Rate — speed or pacing expressing emotions Emphasis on Key Words Good Diction — good choice of words Intercultural Communication Gender Identity Age Identity Cultural Identity Beliefs Functions Of Communication Regulation / Control Information Social Interaction Emotional Expression Motivation Macro Skills Listening Writing Viewing Speaking Reading Stages of Listening Hearing — sound enters our ears Paying Attention — focusing Understanding — comprehension Evaluating — weighing the good and bad Responding — feedback Remembering How To Be An Active Listener Prepare to listen Expand vocabulary Pick out central ideas Apply the message Type Of Listening Discriminative Listening — hear the sounds we want/need Comprehension Listening — hear with understanding purposes Critical/Evaluative Listening — whether true or not / good or bad Biased Listening — don’t listen to what we don’t want to hear Appreciative Listening — hear what entertains us Sympathetic — to show that we care Empathetic — putting yourself in their shoes Therapeutic — giving advice Dialogic — hear to learn or derive information Relationship Listening — intimate Barriers To Effective Listening Noise Excessive tallking Prejudice Distractions Expecting others to share the same beliefs Misunderstanding Faking attention Fear Communicative vs. Grammatical Competence Communicative — casual and unstructured Grammatical — observes structural and technical correctness Types Of Speech Context Intrapersonal Communication — happens within self Interpersonal Communication — with someone else × Dyadic — two people × Group — small group of individuals × Public — addressing a huge crowd or audience × Mass — with use of media Type Of Speech Style Intimate — least formal Casual — convos with friends Consultative — communicating with a stranger Formal — showing respect to someone with a higher position Frozen — most formal, utilised during ceremonies, weddings, funerals, stage plays Types Of Speech Act 1. Locutionary — statement 2. Illocutionary — intention × Assertive — express a belief × Directive — make the listener perform an action × Commissive — promising, planning, betting reassuring, responding to a request × Expressive × Declaration —intends to change something 3. Perlocutionary — acting on it Types Of Communicative Strategies Nomination — starting a convo Restriction — limiting what will be said Turn-taking Topic Control — maintaining focus Topic Shifting — one topic to another related topic Repair — correction Termination — conclusion