Oral Path Exam 2 PDF

**[Types of Aphthous Ulcers]** +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | Aphthous | Minor | Major | Herpetiform | | | Ulcer | Aphthous | Apthous | Aphthous | | | | Ulcer | Ulcer...

**[Types of Aphthous Ulcers]** +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | Aphthous | Minor | Major | Herpetiform | | | Ulcer | Aphthous | Apthous | Aphthous | | | | Ulcer | Ulcer | Ulcer | +=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+ | | - Known | - Most | - Less | - Tiny | | | as | common | common | ulcers | | | recurre | | than | | | | nt | - Occur | minor | - Asympto | | | aphthou | on the | | matic | | | s | movable | - Occurs | | | | ulcers | mucosa | on | - Occur | | | | | movable | on | | | - Any | - Anterio | mucosa | moveabl | | | age; | r \> | | e | | | F \> M | Posteri | - Posteri | or | | | | or | or \> | fixed | | | - Precipi | | Anterio | mucosa | | | tating | - Single | r | | | | factors | or | | - Least | | | : | Multipl | - Deep | common | | | trauma, | e | and | type | | | certain | | extreme | | | | foods, | - Prodrom | ly | - Resembl | | | menstru | al | painful | es | | | ation, | period | | ulcers | | | vitamin | for 1-2 | - Often | caused | | | deficie | days; | result | by | | | ncy, | Burning | in | Herpes | | | systemi | or | scarrin | Simplex | | | c | tinglin | g | Virus | | | disease | g | | | | | s, | sensati | - Larger | - Very | | | tobacco | on | than | small, | | | cessati | | 1cm | 1-2mm | | | on, | - Less | | | | | medicat | than a | | | | | ion, | 1cm | | | | | and | | | | | | stress | | | | | | | | | | | | - Potenti | | | | | | al | | | | | | genetic | | | | | | predisp | | | | | | osition: | | | | | | tends | | | | | | to run | | | | | | in | | | | | | familie | | | | | | s | | | | | | | | | | | | - Immunol | | | | | | ogic | | | | | | pathoge | | | | | | nesis: | | | | | | T-cytot | | | | | | oxic | | | | | | cells | | | | | | are | | | | | | respons | | | | | | ible | | | | | | for the | | | | | | ulcerat | | | | | | ion | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Healing | | Heal in | Take | | | Period | | 7-10 days | several | | | | | | weeks to | | | | | | months to | | | | | | heal | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Treatment | Topical | | Biopsy - | | | | corticoster | | may be | | | | oids | | necessary | | | | and NSAID | | to diagnose | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Picture | |  | mage7.png)! | mage47.png) | | | | | [](media/im | | | | | | age23.png) | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | Erythema | Stevens-Johnson | Lichen Planus | | | Multiforme | Syndrome (EM | | | | | Major) | | | | (EM Minor) | | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | | - Acute, | - Also known | - Chronic | | | Self-limite | as EM | disease | | | d | major: SJS | affecting | | | disease (EM | and toxic | the skin | | | minor) | epidermal | and oral | | | | necrolysis | mucosa | | | - Affects the | (TEN) | | | | skin and | | - Type IV | | | mucous | - SJS is a | hypersensit | | | membranes | variant of | ivity | | | | TEN | reaction | | | - Cause is | | | | | unclear | - Severe | - Affects | | | | adverse | \~2% of the | | | - Occurs in | reaction to | population | | | Young | certain | | | | Adults | drugs - Ex. | - Middle aged | | | (\M | | | - Triggering | - Mucosal | | | | factors: | lesions are | - Cause is | | | Herpes | more | unknown; | | | simplex | extensive | associated | | | infection, | and painful | w/ stress | | | Mycoplasma | than EM | | | | pneumoniae | | | | | infection, | - Older | | | | and drugs | individuals | - Skin lesion | | | (antibiotic | ; | | | | s | F\>M | - - - | | | and | | | | | analgesics) | | | | | | | - Oral | | | - Skin | - Skin | lesions are | | | lesion: | Involvement | most common | | | varies from | | on the | | | macule to | - - | buccal | | | bullae | | mucosa; may | | | ("multiform | - Extensive | involve the | | | e" | mucosal | tongue, | | | and plaque) | lesions | lips, floor | | | | | of mouth, | | | - Characteris | - - - | and gingiva | | | tic | | | | | skin | | - Lesions are | | | lesion: | | often | | | target or | | bilaterally | | | bull's eye | | symmetrical | | | lesion | | | | | | | 3 Forms: | | | - Skin | | | | | lesions can | | - - - | | | occur | | | | | without | | - - | | | oral | | | | | lesions | | - - - | | | | | | | | - Oral | | | | | lesions: | | | | | Ulcers and | | | | | Areas of | | | | | erythema | | | | | | | | | | - Common on | | | | | Lateral | | | | | tongue and | | | | | upper and | | | | | lower | | | | | vermillion | | | | | of the lips | | | | | | | | | | - Gingival | | | | | involvement | | | | | is rare | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Treatment | - Remove | - SJS and TEN | - Only | | | cause, if | | indicated | | | possible | - - - | when | | | | | lesions are | | | - Mild cases: | | symptomatic | | | use topical | - Mortality | (Erosive | | | corticoster | | and | | | oids | - - | Desquamativ | | | | | e | | | - More severe | | gingivitis, | | | cases: use | | ones to | | | systemic | | treat) | | | corticoster | | | | | oids | | - Topical | | | | | corticoster | | | - Long term | | oids | | | systemic | | | | | antiviral | | - Meticulous | | | medication, | | oral | | | if | | hygiene | | | stimulated | | | | | by herpes | | - Diseases | | | simplex | | waxes and | | | virus | | wanes | | | infection | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Picture Example | |  | Shin and Wrist | | | |  |  | | | | | | | | | | Oral Lesion - | | | | | Reticular | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Oral Lesion - | | | | | Erosive | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Oral Lesion - | | | | | Desquamative | | | | | gingivitis | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ **[Autoimmune Disease w/ Oral Manifestation]** +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | Sjogren | Systemic | Pemphigus | Mucous | | | Syndrome | Lupus | Vulgaris | Membrane | | | | Erythematos | | Pemphigoid | | | | us | | | +=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+ | | - Chronic | - Acute | - Severe, | - Chronic | | | , | and | progres | autoimm | | | systemi | chronic | sive | une | | | c, | inflamm | autoimm | disease | | | autoimm | atory | une | affecti | | | une | autoimm | disease | ng | | | disease | une | that | the | | | that | disease | affects | oral | | | results | | the | and | | | in a | - F\>M; | skin | genital | | | decreas | Black | and | mucosa, | | | e | women \ | mucous | conjunc | | | in | > | membran | tiva, | | | saliva | White | es | and | | | and | women | | skin | | | tears | | - Type II | | | | | - Wide | hyperse | - Type II | | | - Rheumat | spectru | nsitivity | hyperse | | | oid | m | reactio | nsitivity | | | Arthrit | of | n | reactio | | | is\*\* | disease | | n | | | | activit | - Charact | | | | - Specifi | y: | erized | - Lesions | | | c | limited | by | may | | | cause | to skin | intraep | heal | | | is | or | ithelial | with | | | unknown | multipl | vesicle | scarrin | | | but | e | formati | g - | | | involve | organ | on | cicatri | | | s | involve | leading | cial | | | cellula | ment | to | | | | r | | epithel | - F \> M | | | and | - Most | ial | (2:1); | | | humoral | common | separat | \> | | | immunit | skin | ion - | 50 | | | y | lesion: | acantho | years | | | | erythem | lysis | of age | | | - Xerosto | atosus | | | | | mia: | rash on | - Patient | - Not as | | | dry | areas | s | severe | | | mouth | of the | produce | a | | | | body | autoant | disease | | | - Xeropht | exposed | ibodies | as | | | halmia: | to | against | pemphig | | | dry | sunligh | compone | us | | | eyes | t: | nts | | | | | "butter | to the | - Most | | | - F\>M | fly" | epithel | signifi | | | | rash | ial | cant | | | - Pt will | | cell | complic | | | complai | - - | attachm | ation | | | n | | ent | is eye | | | of oral | | mechani | involve | | | discomf | - Systemi | sm | ment | | | ort | c | (desmos | | | | | involve | omes) | - | | | - 50% of | ment | | | | | pt will | | - F = M; | - - - | | | have | - - | most | - - - | | | bilater | - - - | cases | | | | al | - | arise | | | | and | | after | - - - | | | symmetr | - Oral | 50 | | | | ic | involve | years | | | | parotid | ment: | of age | - - - | | | gland | | | | | | enlarge | - - | - - | | | | ment | | | | | | | | Oral | | | | - Microsc | | lesions | | | | opic | | | | | | feature | | - - - | | | | s: | | - - - | | | | Aggrega | | - - - | | | | tes | | | | | | of | | | | | | lymphoc | | | | | | ytes | | | | | | surroun | | | | | | ding | | | | | | the | | | | | | salivar | | | | | | y | | | | | | gland | | | | | | ducts | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laborat | | | | | | ory | | | | | | feature | | | | | | s: | | | | | | Positiv | | | | | | e | | | | | | rheumat | | | | | | oid | | | | | | factor | | | | | | (serum | | | | | | antibod | | | | | | y | | | | | | to | | | | | | IgG), | | | | | | SS-A | | | | | | and | | | | | | SS-B | | | | | | antibod | | | | | | ies | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benign | | | | | | | | | | | | - Increas | | | | | | ed | | | | | | risk | | | | | | for | | | | | | develop | | | | | | ment | | | | | | of | | | | | | other | | | | | | serious | | | | | | autoimm | | | | | | une | | | | | | disease | | | | | | s | | | | | | and | | | | | | lymphom | | | | | | a | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 Forms: | | | | | | | | | | | | - - - | | | | | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Treatment | - Saliva | - Depends | - Systemi | - - | | | substit | on | c | | | | utes | degree | cortico | | | | | of | steroids | | | | - Sugarle | disease | or | | | | ss | activit | immunos | | | | gum or | y | uppressive | | | | lozenge | | drugs | | | | s | - Aspirin | | | | | | , | - Mortali | | | | - Artific | NSAID | ty | | | | ial | | rate: | | | | tears | - Systemi | 8%-10% | | | | | c | in 5 | | | | - Pilocar | cortico | years | | | | pine | steroids | | | | | (increa | | | | | | ses | - 50% of | | | | | salivar | patient | | | | | y | s | | | | | flow) | have | | | | | | kidney | | | | | - Maintai | disease | | | | | n | leading | | | | | good | to | | | | | oral | kidney | | | | | hygiene | failure | | | | | ; | | | | | | fluorid | | | | | | e | | | | | | | | | | | | - Frequen | | | | | | t | | | | | | recall | | | | | | appoint | | | | | | ments | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Picture | Primary and | Butterfly | Left Buccal |  | | | Form | | |  | | | mage60.png) | mage26.png) | e |  | | | mage29.png) | Raynaud | Blister + | | | | | Phenomenon | ulcer |  | | | Gland | Oral | mage69.png) | | | | enlargement | Involvement | | | | | | : | Huge ulcer | | | |  | Palate | Desquamativ | | | | | | e | | | | Development |  | + Erosion + | | | | | | Plaque | | | | | Left buccal |  | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ **[Infectious Disease: Bacterial Infections]** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | Tuberculosis | Syphilis | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | | - Chronic | - Infectious | | | granulomatous | disease caused by | | | disease caused by | the spirochete | | | Mycobacterium | Treponema | | | tuberculosis | pallidum | | | | | | | - Initial site of | - Organism is | | | infection is the | transmitted by | | | lungs | direct contact | | | | through either | | | - Patients | sexual contact, | | | demonstrate | infected blood | | | fever, chills, | transfusions, or | | | fatigue, malaise, | transplacental | | | weight loss, and | inoculation | | | cough | | | | | Three stages: | | | - Organisms can | primary, secondary, | | | spread throughout | tertiary | | | the body and | | | | involve the | - Primary | | | kidneys, liver, | | | | and lymph nodes | - - - - - | | | | | | | - Oral lesions are | | | | rare | - Secondary | | | | | | | - - - - | - - - - | | | | | | | Microscopic features: | - | | | | | | | - Granulomas with | - - - - - - | | | central necrosis | - - | | | | | | | - Macrophages, | - - - - - | | | multinucleated | - | | | giant cells, | | | | lymphocytes | | | | | | | | - Special stains | | | | can identify the | | | | organisms | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Diagnosis | - Skin test: | - Serology | | | purified protein | | | | derivative (PPD) | - Treponemal | | | is injected into | antibody | | | the skin | | | | | | | | - Positive reaction | | | | indicates | | | | infection with | | | | the organism but | | | | not necessarily | | | | active disease | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Treatment | - Antituberculous | - Penicillin | | | drugs | | | | | | | | - Treatment may | | | | take many months | | | | or several years | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Pictures |  | | | | |  | | | | | | | | Congenital Syphilis | | | | | | | |  | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **[Infectious Disease: Fungal Infection]** +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | | Candidi | Pseudom | Erythem | Denture | Chronic | Angular | | | asis | embrano | atous | Stomati | hyperpl | cheilit | | | | us | candidi | tis | astic | is | | | | candidi | asis | | candidi | | | | | asis | | | asis | | +=========+=========+=========+=========+=========+=========+=========+ | | - Fun | - Fal | - AKA | - AKA | - AKA | - Ery | | | gal | se/Fake | Acu | Chr | Can | thema | | | inf | Can | te | onic | dida | or | | | ection | didiasi | Atr | Atr | leu | fis | | | cau | s | ophic | ophic | koplaki | suring | | | sed | | | | a | at | | | by | - Whi | - Ery | - Mos | | the | | | ove | te | themato | t | - Whi | lab | | | rgrowth | cur | us, | com | te | ial | | | of | d-like | pai | mon | les | com | | | Can | mat | nful | typ | ion | missure | | | dida | erial | muc | e | tha | s | | | alb | | osa | | t | | | | icans | - Und | | - Ery | doe | - May | | | | erlying | - May | themato | s | be | | | - Ove | muc | be | us | not | due | | | rgrowth | osa | loc | muc | rub | to | | | of | is | alized | osa | off | a | | | the | ery | or | und | | nut | | | org | themato | gen | er | - Com | ritiona | | | anism | us | eralize | a | mon | l | | | is | | d | ful | on | def | | | due | - Bur | | l | the | iciency | | | to | ning | | or | buc | or | | | ant | sen | | par | cal | a | | | ibiotic | sation | | tial | muc | com | | | and | | | den | osa | binatio | | | ste | - Met | | ture | | n | | | roid | allic | | | - Dis | of | | | the | tas | | - Com | appears | can | | | rapy, | te | | mon | whe | didiasi | | | che | | | on | n | s | | | mothera | | | pal | tre | and | | | py, | | | ate | ated | bac | | | den | | | and | wit | terial | | | tures, | | | max | h | inf | | | dia | | | illary | ant | ection | | | betes | | | alv | ifungal | | | | mel | | | eolar | med | | | | litus, | | | rid | ication | | | | HIV | | | ge | | | | | inf | | | | | | | | ection, | | | - Asy | | | | | inf | | | mptomat | | | | | ancy, | | | ic | | | | | and | | | | | | | | xer | | | | | | | | ostomia | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gro | | | | | | | | ws | | | | | | | | in | | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | | sup | | | | | | | | erficia | | | | | | | | l | | | | | | | | lay | | | | | | | | ers | | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | | epi | | | | | | | | thelium | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sev | | | | | | | | eral | | | | | | | | cli | | | | | | | | nical | | | | | | | | for | | | | | | | | ms: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | - - | | | | | | | | - - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | Diagnos | - Cyt | | | | | | | is | ologic | | | | | | | | sme | | | | | | | | ar | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Epi | | | | | | | | thelial | | | | | | | | cel | | | | | | | | ls | | | | | | | | int | | | | | | | | erspers | | | | | | | | ed | | | | | | | | wit | | | | | | | | h | | | | | | | | fun | | | | | | | | gal | | | | | | | | hyp | | | | | | | | hae | | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | | spo | | | | | | | | res | | | | | | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | Treatme | - Top | | | | | | | nt | ical | | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | | sys | | | | | | | | temic | | | | | | | | ant | | | | | | | | ifungal | | | | | | | | med | | | | | | | | ication | | | | | | | | s | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rec | | | | | | | | urrent | | | | | | | | dis | | | | | | | | ease | | | | | | | | may | | | | | | | | be | | | | | | | | an | | | | | | | | ear | | | | | | | | ly | | | | | | | | sig | | | | | | | | n | | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | | an | | | | | | | | und | | | | | | | | erlying | | | | | | | | imm | | | | | | | | unodefi | | | | | | | | ciency | | | | | | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | Picture | |  | | e21.png | | | | ) | | | | ) | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ **[Viral Infections: Human Papillomavirus Infection]** +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | Verruca | Condyloma | Multifocal | | | Vulgaris | Acuminatum | Epithelial | | | | | Hyperplasia | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | | - Common wart | - Genital | - Also called | | | | wart | Heck | | | - HPV type 2 | | disease | | | | - HPV types 6 | | | | - Skin | and 11 | - Multiple | | | lesions | | white to | | | | - Transmitted | pink | | | - Virus is | by sexual | nodules | | | acquired by | contact or | throughout | | | direct | self-inocul | the oral | | | contact or | ation | mucosa | | | through | | (similar to | | | autoinocula | - Oral | Condyloma) | | | tion | lesions | | | | | | - Common in | | | - Common on | - - - | children | | | fingers | | and Native | | | | | Americans | | | - - - - | | | | | | | - HPV types | | | | | 13 and 32 | | | | | | | | | | - Asymptomati | | | | | c | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Diagnosis | - Biopsy | - | - | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Treatment | - Conservativ | - Conservativ | - No | | | e | e | treatment | | | surgical | surgical | required | | | excision | excision | | | | | | - | | | - May recur | - Recurrence | | | | | is common | | | | - Treat skin | | | | | lesions | - Treat | | | | | genital | | | | | lesions | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Pictures | |  | 66.png) | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ **[Herpes Simplex Infection]** +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | Herpes Simplex | Primary | Recurrent | | | Infection | Herpetic | Herpes Simplex | | | | Gingivostomatit | Infection | | | | is | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | | - Two major | - Represents | - HSV lies | | | types: HSV1 | the initial | dormant in | | | (HHV-1) or | infection | the | | | HSV2 | with HSV | trigeminal | | | (HHV-2) | | ganglion | | | | - Majority of | and, if | | | - Oral | infections | activated, | | | infections | are | may cause | | | are | subclinical | localized | | | generally | | recurrent | | | caused by | - Symptomatic | infections | | | HSV1 | patients | | | | | exhibit | - Occurs in | | | - Genital | fever, | 1/3 to 1/2 | | | infections | malaise, | of the U.S. | | | are usually | and | population | | | caused by | cervical | | | | HSV2 | lymphadenop | - Recurrent | | | | athy | infections | | | - Oral | | are | | | infections | - Most | triggered | | | occur in | commonly | by | | | two forms: | occurs in | sunlight, | | | initial | children; | menstruatio | | | (primary) | may occur | n, | | | and | in adults | fatigue, | | | recurrent | who have | fever, and | | | (secondary) | not been | stress | | | | exposed to | | | | | HSV | - - - - | | | | | | | | | - Painful, | | | | | erythematou | - - - - | | | | s, | | | | | swollen | | | | | gingiva | - - | | | | | | | | | - Vesicles on | - | | | | perioral | | | | | skin, | | | | | vermilion, | | | | | and | | | | | anywhere in | | | | | the oral | | | | | mucosa/cavi | | | | | ty | | | | | | | | | | - | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Diagnosis | | | - Based on | | | | | clinical | | | | | characteris | | | | | tics | | | | | | | | | | - Viral | | | | | culture or | | | | | cytologic | | | | | smear | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Treatment | | - Disease is | - Supportive | | | | self-limite | | | | | d | - Antiviral | | | | | drugs for | | | | - Resolves in | immunocompr | | | | 1-2 weeks | omised | | | | | patients | | | | | | | | | | - Topical | | | | | acyclovir | | | | | and | | | | | sunscreens | | | | | for herpes | | | | | labialis | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Pictures | |  | a/image12.png) | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ **[Varicella-Zoster Virus]** +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | Varicella-Zoste | Chicken Pox | Herpes Zoster | | | r | | | | | Virus | | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | | - VZV (HHV-3) | - Characteriz | - Head and | | | causes | ed | neck | | | chickenpox | by | lesions | | | (varicella) | vesicular | involve any | | | and | and | of the | | | shingles | pustular | three | | | (zoster) | eruptions | branches of | | | | of the skin | the | | | - Acquired by | and mucous | trigeminal | | | respiratory | membranes | nerve | | | aerosols | along with | | | | and direct | symptoms of | - Prodromal | | | contact | headache, | symptoms of | | | with | fever, and | pain, | | | secretions | malaise | burning, or | | | | | paresthesia | | | - Chickenpox | - Incubation | | | | and | period of 2 | - Unilateral | | | shingles | weeks | eruption of | | | are | | painful | | | contagious | - Typically | vesicles | | | | occurs in | that | | | | children | progress to | | | | | ulcers | | | | - Resolves in | | | | | 2-3 weeks | - Lesions | | | | | resolve in | | | | | several | | | | | weeks but | | | | | may lead to | | | | | neuralgia | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Diagnosis | | | - Based of | | | | | clinical | | | | | features | | | | | | | | | | - Viral | | | | | culture or | | | | | cytologic | | | | | smears | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Treatment | | | - Supportive | | | | | therapy | | | | | | | | | | - Antiviral | | | | | drugs | | | | | | | | | | - Steroids | | | | | for | | | | | postherpeti | | | | | c | | | | | neuralgia | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Pictures | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ **[Esptein-Barr Virus Infection (EBV)]** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | Infectious Mononucleosis | +===================================+===================================+ | | - - - - - - | | | | | | - - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Pictures | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **[Coxsackievirus Infection]** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | Herpangina | Hand, Foot, and Mouth | | | | Disease | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | | - Transmitted | - - - - | | | through | | | | fecal-oral | - - - | | | contamination or | | | | through saliva | | | | and respiratory | | | | droplets | | | | | | | | - Children gets it | | | | | | | | - Fever, malaise, | | | | sore throat, | | | | difficulty | | | | swallowing | | | | | | | | - Oral | | | | manifestations | | | | | | | | - - | | | | | | | | - - - | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Pictures | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **[Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome]** +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | Hairy | Kaposi Sarcoma | Gingival and | | | Leukoplakia | | Periodontal | | | | | Disease | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | | - Caused by | - Associated | - - - - | | | the | with HHV-8 | - - | | | Epstein-Bar | | | | | r | - Oral | - - - - | | | virus | manifestati | | | | (HHV-4) | ons | | | | | | - - - | | | - Occurs | - - - | | | | predominant | - | | | | ly | | | | | in HIV | | | | | seropositiv | | | | | e | - | | | | individuals | | | | | | | | | | - Occurs | | | | | almost | | | | | exclusively | | | | | on the | | | | | lateral | | | | | border of | | | | | tongue; may | | | | | extend onto | | | | | the dorsal | | | | | and ventral | | | | | tongue | | | | | | | | | | - Irregular, | | | | | white | | | | | lesion with | | | | | a | | | | | corrugated | | | | | surface | | | | | | | | | | - Bilateral | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Diagnosis | - Characteris | - Biopsy | | | | tic | | | | | microscopic | | | | | features | | | | | | | | | | - Identificat | | | | | ion | | | | | of | | | | | Epstein-Bar | | | | | r | | | | | virus | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Treatment | - None | - Surgical | - - - | | | | excision | | | | - Lesions | | | | | respond to | - Radiation | | | | antiviral | therapy | | | | medication | | | | | | - Chemotherap | | | | | y | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Pictures | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+