Operational Databases.pptx

Operational Databases NBDF622 COMPILED BY: MS. TARYN MICHAEL Table of Contents 1. What is a database? 2. Database Management Systems 3. Operational Database 4. Relational Databases 5. SQL refresher What is a database? A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typica...

Operational Databases NBDF622 COMPILED BY: MS. TARYN MICHAEL Table of Contents 1. What is a database? 2. Database Management Systems 3. Operational Database 4. Relational Databases 5. SQL refresher What is a database? A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system, e.g., storing your marks per module on ienabler. Data can be in any form such as an image, file, voice recording, video or even a plain text etc. A database is usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS). Data is stored in a database so that it can be easily accessed, modified, protected and analyzed. Database Management System (DBMS) A database typically requires a comprehensive database software program known as a database management system (DBMS). A DBMS serves as an interface between the database and its end users or programs, allowing users to retrieve, update, and manage how the information is organized and optimized. Example of a DBMS is MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Neo4j, Cassandra etc. Operational Database An operational database is a type of database that is designed to support the day-to-day operations of an organization This can include storing information about customers, products, sales transactions, and other types of data that are essential to the organization’s daily operations. Operational databases are typically updated in real-time, allowing the organization to quickly access and use the most current data. This type of database is often used in applications where data needs to be accessed quickly and accurately, such as in online stores or financial systems History of Operational Databases 1960s: As computing developed, businesses needed systems that could manage daily operations in real time. The hierarchical and network database models were some of the first designs. 1970: E.F. Codd introduced the relational model for operational databases. It stored data in rows and columns, which was easy to manage and query. Late 1970s and 1980s: Commercial relational database management systems (RDBMS) emerged. Oracle, IBM's DB2, and Microsoft's SQL Server became popular for operational database needs. 1990s: RDBMS like Oracle and SQL Server still dominated. However, the rise of the internet brought the need for scalable databases. 2000s: NoSQL databases like MongoDB addressed scalability needs. Big data solutions like Hadoop emerged, distinguishing between operational and analytical data. 2010s: Providers like AWS and Azure offered cloud databases. Hybrid systems blending transactional and analytical processing arose, as did distributed SQL databases. As technology advanced, open-source databases started rivaling commercial ones in features and reliability. Why are Operation Databases needed? To support real- To store and To ensure data To support To improve time transactions manage integrity and multiple users decision making and queries transactional data reliability and applications Advantages of Operational Databases🙂 Real-time data and insights Improved data integrity and reliability Enhanced collaboration and coordination Increased operational efficiency Reduced data duplication and errors Disadvantages of Operational Databases ☹️ High Limited Complexity and Potential security Compatibility maintenance and scalability expertise risks issues operational costs required  Relational Databases A relational database is a collection of data points with pre-defined relationships between them. The relational model organizes data into tables — with each row representing an individual record and each column consisting of attributes that contain values. Each table will have a column that must have unique values—known as the primary key. When one table’s primary key is used in another table, this column in the second table is known as the foreign key. The most common way of interacting with relational database systems is using SQL. E.g. Example Advantages of Relational Databases 🙂 ACID Data Normalizati Complianc Simplicity Accuracy on e RDBMS Properties - ACID Disadvantages of Relational Databases☹️ Scalability Flexibility Performanc e SQL for Relational Databases To connect to and utilize the data stored in a relational database, we use SQL as a querying language. We will be moving on to the notes titled “SQL introduction.pdf” to give a basic refresher on SQL. For the rest of this week, we will then look at connecting to and querying relational databases using SQL in Python. Here is a YouTube video explaining how SQL is used by data analysts: https://youtu.be/GEBzsz8ZSXs