Ocular Nerve PDF

‫ِسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم‬ ْ ‫ب‬ ‫حاالت‬%‫ور ل‬%‫يه ص‬%‫ ف‬+ ‫كان‬%‫در اإلم‬%‫ينهم ق‬%‫مع ب‬%‫ت اج‬%‫اول‬%‫بنات ح‬%‫ن ال‬%‫وي ع‬%‫ختلفه ش‬%‫دز األوالد م‬%‫الي‬%‫⭐س‬ ‫ريم شوفوها بساليدز عشان تفهمون أكثر‬.‫شرحتها د‬ (1) anatomy > muscles in eye 7 extra ocular muscles origin nerve supply function Clinic...

‫ِسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم‬ ْ ‫ب‬ ‫حاالت‬%‫ور ل‬%‫يه ص‬%‫ ف‬+ ‫كان‬%‫در اإلم‬%‫ينهم ق‬%‫مع ب‬%‫ت اج‬%‫اول‬%‫بنات ح‬%‫ن ال‬%‫وي ع‬%‫ختلفه ش‬%‫دز األوالد م‬%‫الي‬%‫⭐س‬ ‫ريم شوفوها بساليدز عشان تفهمون أكثر‬.‫شرحتها د‬ (1) anatomy > muscles in eye 7 extra ocular muscles origin nerve supply function Clinical evaluation Superior rectus annulus of Zinn 3RD CN 1- elevation (primary) 2- adduction 3- intorsion To look up and out Inferior rectus annulus of Zinn 3RD CN Depression extortion Adduction To look down and out Lateral rectus annulus of Zinn 6TH CN Abduction To look out Medial rectus annulus of Zinn 3RD CN Adduction to Look in Superior oblique Body of the sphenoid bone 4th CN Intorsion Depression Abduction To look down and in Inferior oblique Orbital surface of maxilla 3RD CN Extorsion Elevation Abduction To look up and in ⭐ make it easy: All superior muscles ( rectus and oblique ) > intorsion , All inferior muscles ( rectus and oblique ) > extorsion (2)Eye movements - binocular eye movements" = Version prerequisites of binocular single vision mentioned in slides ( male section) please go through it and read it -Monocular eye movement# =Duction - 2 eyes move in opposite direction ↔ = Vergence Types of Ocular Movements: 1- Horizontal ( addiction and abduction) 2- Vertical(elevation or depression) 3- Torsional(intorsion or extorsion) Duction Version. (3) Muscles terminology Term Definition Example agonist The primary muscle that moves an eye in a given direction in abduction of the right eye, the right lateral rectus muscle synergist muscle in the same eye that moves the eye in the same direction right superior rectus and right inferior oblique muscles antagonist muscle in the same eye that moves the eye in the opposite direction of the agonist right medial rectus and lateral medial rectus muscles Yolk muscles (contralateral synergists) are pairs of muscles, one in each eye, that produce conjugate ocular movements into the same direction of gaze right lateral rectus and left medial rectus (4)violations of prerequisites will cause : - Squint ( strabismus) - Anisometropia - unilateral complete congenital cataract ⭐ All of them will cause Amblyobia Term - Amblyobia= lazy eye - Anisometropia Diplopia 1- monocular 2-Binocular Definition vision deficiency in an eye when the brain turns off the visual processing of one eye unequal refractive errors between 2 eyes double vision diplopia persists when one & eye closed seen only when both ' eyes are open (5) Strabismus= Squint=crossed eye = misalignment of the 2 eyes classification : 1- Non - paralytic Concomitant squint the movements of both eyes are full (there is no paresis ) but only one eye is directed towards the fixated target. 2- Paralytic squint due to a nerve palsy 3-Restrictive myopathy. Forms of strabismus ➡ ➡ the nerve C N III Site of Nucleus/ Nuclear Innervation 1. Superior division -> SR , In the Levator aponeurosis midbrain 2. Inferior division :IR , MR , IO , iris sphincter and ciliary muscle. causes 1-Microvascular ischemia 2- Aneurysm 3- Head trauma ⭐ palsy with pupil involvement must be assumed to be secondary to aneurysm until proved otherwise. CN IV - Innervates the contralateral superior oblique muscle. - It is a very long and slender nerve. - the only cranial nerve to emerge from the dorsal aspect of the brain. CN VI In the mid brain In the pons. -supplies superior - oblique muscle. only the lateral rectus muscle Done by: Razan Alabdullah clinical features Dysfunction of the: 1-Somatic muscles (superior, inferior, and medial recti,inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae superioris). 2- The autonomic muscles(pupillary.sphincter) 1. Trauma. 2. Congenital palsies. 3. Aneurysms and neoplasms. 4.. Masses are either dorsal to the midbrain or in the cavernous sinus ⚫ Patients report vertical and torsional diplopia due to hypertropia of the eye. 1- Vascular 2- Tumor 3- Trauma. 4- Increased ICP ( Unilateral or bilateral ) →+ papillodema. 5- Infection. - Esotropia ( inward deviation ). - Ipsilateral abduction deficit. Compensatory face turn. ⚫ Patients often adopt a. characteristic head tilt, away from affected side to reduce their diplopia