Nursing Philosophies.3.Wk4.pptx

TFN 2023 - MGC NURSING PHILOSOPHIES NCM 100 - THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF NURSING NURSING PHILOSOPHIES TFN 2023 - MGC 1. NIGHTINGALE’S ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY 2. WATSON’S PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY OF TRANSPERSONAL CARING 3. BENNER’S STAGES OF NURSING EXPERTISE NURSING PHILOSOPHIES 4. ERIKSSON’S CARITATI...

TFN 2023 - MGC NURSING PHILOSOPHIES NCM 100 - THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF NURSING NURSING PHILOSOPHIES TFN 2023 - MGC 1. NIGHTINGALE’S ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY 2. WATSON’S PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY OF TRANSPERSONAL CARING 3. BENNER’S STAGES OF NURSING EXPERTISE NURSING PHILOSOPHIES 4. ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY TFN 2023 - MGC “ Caritative caring means that we take “caritas” into use when caring for the human being in health and suffering… Caritative caring is a manifestation of the love that “just exist”... Caring communion, true caring, occurs when the one caring in spirit of caritas alleviates the suffering of the patient”. (Eriksson,1992c,pp.204,207) ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY Katie Eriksson TFN 2023 - MGC ● Finland-Swedish Nurse ● One of the pioneers of caring science in the Nordic countries ● Born November 18, 1943 in Jakobstad, Finland ● 1965 - graduate of the Helsinki Swedish School of Nursing ● 1976 - completed public health nursing speciality education ● 1970 - graduated nursing teaching education program ● 1974 - received MA degree in philosophy ● 1982 - defended her doctoral dissertation ● 1987 - developed an academic education for Master’s and Doctoral degrees in Caring Science ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY Theoretical Sources TFN 2023 - MGC ● Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle, for inspiration for the development of both the substance and the discipline of caring science ● From her basic idea of caring science as a humanistic science, she developed a metatheory that she refers to as “the theory of science for caring science” ● The basic motive in caring science and caring is caritas ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY Major Concepts and Definitions TFN 2023 - MGC Caritas ● Love and charity ● Fundamental motive of caring science and motive for all caring ● Caring - endeavor to meditate, faith, hope and love through tending, playing and learning Caring communion ● Constitutes the context of the meaning of caring and determines caring reality ● Form of intimate connection that characterizes caring ● Requires meeting in time and space ● Source of strength and meaning in caring ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY Major Concepts and Definitions TFN 2023 - MGC The act of caring ● Contains the caring elements and involves the categories of infinity and eternity and invites to deep communion ● The art of making something very special out of something less special Caritative Caring Ethics ● Comprises of ethics of caring ● Human dignity, the caring communion, invitation, responsibility, good and evil and virtue and obligation ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY Major Concepts and Definitions TFN 2023 - MGC Dignity ● Constitutes one of the basic concepts of caritative caring ethics ● Human dignity is partly absolute dignity, partly relative dignity Invitation ● Occurs when the carer welcomes the patient to the caring communion ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY Major Concepts and Definitions TFN 2023 - MGC Suffering ● Ontological concept described as a human being’s struggle between good and evil in a state of becoming ● Forms ○ Related to illness ○ Related to care ○ Related to life ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY Major Concepts and Definitions TFN 2023 - MGC The Suffering Human Being ● Patient ● Who suffers and patiently endures Reconciliation ● The drama of suffering ● Implies a change when a new wholeness is formed from the life of the human being that has been lost in suffering ● The importance of sacrifice emerges ● Prerequisite of caritas ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY Major Concepts and Definitions TFN 2023 - MGC Caring Culture ● The concept that Eriksson (1987b) uses instead of environment. ● Caring culture transmits an inner order of value preferences or ethos, and the different constructions of culture have their basis in the changes of value that ethos undergoes. ● The origin of the concept of culture is to be found in such dimensions as reverence, ● tending, cultivating, and caring; these dimensions are central to the basic motive of preserving and developing a caring culture ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY Use of Empirical Evidence TFN 2023 - MGC ● Established by systematically employing a hermeneutical and hypothetical deductive approach ● Empirically evident when tested in two comprehensive empirical studies in which the idea was to develop evidence based caring cultures ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY Major Assumptions TFN 2023 - MGC ● The human being - an entity of body, soul and spirit ● Nursing - love and charity or caritas ● Environment - ethos/home, human being’s innermost space where it appears nakedness ● Health - soundness, freshness, & well being ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY Theoretical Assertions ● Four levels of knowledge ○ Meta-theoretical ○ Theoretical ○ Technological ○ Caring as art TFN 2023 - MGC ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY CRITIQUE TFN 2023 - MGC CLARITY ● Strong point is the overall logical structure in which every new concept becomes a part of an ever more comprehensive whole ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY CRITIQUE TFN 2023 - MGC SIMPLICITY ● Showing the general in a clear and logical conceptual entirety ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY CRITIQUE TFN 2023 - MGC GENERALITY ● General in the sense that it aims at creating an ontological and ethical basis of caring and constitutes the core of the discipline and thus involves epistemology ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY CRITIQUE ACCESSIBILITY ● Extends to other disciplines and professions TFN 2023 - MGC ERIKSSON’S CARITATIVE CARING THEORY CRITIQUE TFN 2023 - MGC IMPORTANCE ● Great importance to clinical practice, research and education and the development of the caring discipline NURSING PHILOSOPHIES ● ● ● ● TFN 2023 - MGC Nightingale’s Environmental Theory The Legacy of Caring Notes of Nursing - What it is, What it is not In a nurturing environment, the body could repair itself The most important practical lesson that can be given to nurses is to teach them what to observe-how-to observe. If you cannot get the habit of observation one way or other, you had better give up being a nurse, for it is not your calling, however kind and anxious you may be. NURSING PHILOSOPHIES TFN 2023 - MGC Watson’s Philosophy and Theory of Transpersonal Caring ● Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced only intrapersonally ● Caring consists of carative factors that result in the satisfaction of certain human needs ● Effective caring promotes health and individual or family growth ● Caring responses accept person not what he or she is now but as what he or she may become ● A caring environment is one that offers the development of potential while allowing the person to choose the best action for himself or herself at a given point in time ● Caring is more “healthogenic” than is curing. A science of caring is complementary to the science of curing NURSING PHILOSOPHIES TFN 2023 - MGC Patricia Benner’s Stages of Nursing Expertise Nursing Philosophies ● ● ● ● Caring is central to human expertise, to curing and to healing. Persons, events, projects, and things matter to people. Caring is primary for the following reasons: What matters to people sets up not only what counts as stressful; but also what options are available for coping. ● It enables a person to notice salient aspects of particular situation, to discern problems, and to recognize potential solutions. ● It sets up possibilities for giving and receiving help. NURSING PHILOSOPHIES TFN 2023 - MGC Katie Eriksson’s Theory of Caritative Caring ● “Nursing ethics are the ethical principles that guide a nurse’s decision-making abilities”. ● “Caritative caring consists of love and charity which is also known as “ caritas”, and respect and reverence for human holiness and dignity”. ● “Suffering that occurs as a result of a lack of caritative is a violation of human dignity”. NURSING PHILOSOPHIES TFN 2023 - MGC REFERENCES ● Theoretical Foundation in Nursing. Udan, 2nd Edition ● Nursing Theorist and their work. Alligood, 9th Edition