NURS 3620 Cardiac PPT--Maddie and Japril.pdf

ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND ATRIAL FLUTTER Japril Goldsberry and Maddie Minton WHAT ARE ATRIAL DYSRHYTHMIAS? (Atwood et al, 2018) Electrical impulse begins in atria, travels to AV node, then to Bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers, and lastly, ventricular Ventricular rate measured by the...

ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND ATRIAL FLUTTER Japril Goldsberry and Maddie Minton WHAT ARE ATRIAL DYSRHYTHMIAS? (Atwood et al, 2018) Electrical impulse begins in atria, travels to AV node, then to Bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers, and lastly, ventricular Ventricular rate measured by the ventricular electrical impulses (60100) Atrial rate measured by atrial electrical impulses per minute (350-500) CAUSES & RISK FACTORS ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Advanced age Hypertension Diabetes Obesity Smoking Heart Failure Hyperthyroidis m (Atwood et al, 2018) SYMPTOMS Lightheadedn ess Heart Palpitations Shortness of Breath Chest Pain Orthostatic Hypotension Hypertension Cool, Clammy Skin PRE V NEX T (Atwood et al, 2018) 1 ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PRE V NEX T WHAT IS A-FIB? ★ Irregular heartbeat that causes poor blood flow ★ Electrical impulses start in atria, instead of SA node ★ Increased irritability of cardiac cells in atria, so many sites try to initiate impulses at the same time ★ Most of these impulses are not conducted, causing the atria to not completely depolarize, causing a quivering of the atria (Atwood et al, 2018) PRE V NEX T HOW TO IDENTIFY ★ Irregular ★ QRS normal range: 0.04-0.12 ★ Fibrillatory waves seconds ★ No P waves or PR intervals ★ R-R interval irregularly irregular (Atwood et al, 2018) PRE V NEX T ATRIAL FLUTTER PRE V NEX T 2 WHAT IS ATRIAL FLUTTER? ★ Single irritable site in atria initiates electrical impulses ★ P-waves not produced, flutter waves (F waves) instead ★ Downward stroke of F wave: atrial depolarization ★ Upward stroke of F wave: atrial repolarization ★ Block Ratios– # of flutter waves per QRS complex (Atwood et al, PRE V NEX T HOW TO IDENTIFY ★ Regular or Irregular ★ Flutter waves (sawtooth) ★ No P-waves or PR (Atwood et al, intervals PRE V ★ QRS normal range: 0.040.12 seconds ★ In this example, 4:1 block NEX ratio T RATES 150 bpm Uncontrolled HOW TO IDENTIFY AND DIFFERENTIATE THEM? ★ Is the R-R regular? ★ Are there P-waves, F-waves, or fibrillation waves? ★ How fast is the rate? (Atwood et al, PRE V NEX T TREATMENTS Medications: Beta Blockers Calcium Channel Blockers Anticoagulants Antiarrhythmics Medical Procedures: Cardioversion Catheter Ablation *Routine cardiac monitoring is important for rate control and determine the need for medical interventions. (Atwood et al, 2018) PRE V NEX T REFERENCES Ahluwalia, N. (2022, September 30). Atrial Flutter- AFs Little Brother. Barts AF. Retrieved April 10, 2024, from https://www.bartsaf.com/atrial-flutter-afs-little-brother/ Atwood , S., Stanton , C., & Storey-Davenport, J. (2018). Introduction to Basic Cardiac Dysrhythmias (5th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. PRE V NEX T