Nurs 3036 Midterm 1 Study Guide PDF

Nurs 3036 Midterm 1 Study Guide Population health model can contribute the discussion of risk: 1. Moves discussion away from victim blaming & calls for action on the full range of factors and conditions that determine health 2. Provides an analytical tool to help develop a cl...

Nurs 3036 Midterm 1 Study Guide Population health model can contribute the discussion of risk: 1. Moves discussion away from victim blaming & calls for action on the full range of factors and conditions that determine health 2. Provides an analytical tool to help develop a clearer picture of those likely to be most at risk 3. It provides a planning tool & may be used to address the health concerns of identified groups at risk 5 principles of primary HC adopted at Alma-Alta in 1978: 1. Equitable distribution of essential health services to all population 2. Increased emphasis on services that are preventive & promotive rather than curative only 3. Maximum individual & community involvement in the planning & operation of HC services 4. The integration of health development with social & economic development 5. The use of appropriate technology CHN standards of practice - Health promotion - Prevention & health protection - Health maintenance, restoration & palliation - Professional relationships - Capacity building - Health equity - EIP - Professional responsibility & accountability CHN standard 1 - CHN’s integrate health promotion into practice using the 5 ottawa charter health promotion strategies - Ex. an RN in primary care promote physical activity & healthy eating when involved with the management of chronic diseases CHN standard 2 - CHN’s use the socio-ecological model to integrate prevention & health protection activities into practice CHN standard 3  - CHN’s integrate health maintenance, restoration & palliation into their practice to maintain maximum function, improve health & support life transitions - Ex. RN’s in primary care support individuals requiring a referral to stroke rehabilitation CHN standard 4 - CHN’s work with others to establish, build & nurture professional & therapeutic relationships - Ex. RN’s in primary care provide care of health & illness experiences to individuals & families over their lifetime CHN standard 6 - CHN’s recognize the impacts of the DOH & incorporate actions into their practice such as advocating for healthy public policy - Ex. An RN in primary care refers, coordinates & often facilitates individuals receiving financial assistance for drugs when completing the requires government forms CHN standard 5 - CHN’s partner with the client to promote capacity - Ex. RN’s in primary care provides health teaching about medication management to enable an individual to safely take their medication till the next clinic appointment CHN standard 7 - CHN’s use best evidence to guide nursing practice & support clients in making informed decisions - Ex. An RN in primary care queries why many family givers in the primary care practice are experiencing chronic fatigue. A review of the literature reveals positive strategies to help reduce their stress. An online resource is developed & posted on waiting room TV CHN standard 7 - CHN’s demonstrate professional responsibility & accountability as a fundamental component of their autonomous practice - Ex. An RN in primary care discovers that the roles & responsibilities of the nurses on their HC team are overlapping. Meetings are set to problem solving together a clear definitions of each nursing role to share with the HC team CNA 8 principles for collaboration 1. Focus on client 2. Evidence informed decision making 3. Access 4. A population health approach  5. Social justice & equity 6. Ethics 7. Communication 8. Cultural safety Case management - A strategy to improve accessibility & continuity of client care - Includes incorporation of assessment, planning, coordination, delivery & monitoring of the health services Challenges of HHN - Meeting privacy needs - Must practice autonomously with little structure - Home environment lacks many resources Canadian association of schools of nursing (CASN): PHN ETPC 1. Domain 1- PH sciences in nursing practice 2. Domain 2- population and community health assessment & analysis 3. Domain 3- population health planning, implementation & evaluation 4. Domain 4- partnerships, collaboration & advocacy 5. Domain 5- communication in PHN Functions & roles of OHN 1. Part of occupational health team 2. Health promotion 3. Primary, secondary & tertiary levels of prevention 4. Assess individuals & taking an occupational & environmental health history 5. Work site walkthroughs or assessments of the workplace Major PH functions in Ontario 1. Health protection 2. Health promotion 3. Population health surveillance 4. Injury and disease prevention 5. Emergency preparedness and response Ethical decision making - Ethical decision making: that component of ethics which focuses on the process of how ethical decisions are made - Ethical issues: moral challenged facing the nursing profession  - Ethical dilemmas: puzzling moral problems in which morally justified reasons for both taking & not taking a certain course of action are envisioned Ethical decision making at levels of prevention - Primary- CHN struggles with providing covid 19 vaccine to only those who can attend a daytime vaccine clinic - Secondary- CHN recognizes a group of low-income lone parents do not have adequate income to provide healthy meals for their children - Tertiary- time restraints and lack of resources only allow a CHN to provide education for diabetic management to a small group of older person patients Ethical deliberation in PH 1. Harm- take action to restrict the liberty of an individual or a group to prevent harm to others 2. Least restrictive means- a variety of means exist to achieve PH needs, but full authority & power should be used for exceptional circumstances 3. Reciprocity- society must be prepared to facilitate individuals & communities in their efforts to discharge their duties 4. Transparency- the manner & context in which decisions are made Steps in EIP - Develop clinical question based on client health status & situation P- population I-intervention C- comparison O-outcomes - Uses various sources of evidence: CHN’s professional knowledge & clinical experience, scientific knowledge of all types, client experiences, values, preferences & choices, consideration of the community, resources, accessibility & availability Descriptive epidemiology - aka population health assessment - monitoring/ analyzing health related data detecting trends- the who, when & where Analytical epidemiology - uncover cause & effect associations for the disease or health concern- the why & how - can be prevention or treatment focused Morbidity - Occurrence of disease in a population  - Incidence rate: new cases or conditions - Prevalence rate: all cases of a specific disease or condition at a given time Incidence rate - # of new cases in a time period/ total pop. at risk during same time period Prevalence rate - # of people in pop. with disease in timeframe/ total pop. at risk during same timeframe Analytical measures of association in epidemiology - Measures of association indicate the strength of the relationship between variables being studied - Risk: probability that an event will occur within a specific period - Relative risk: probability of the occurrence of a disease for persons who are exposed & persons who are not exposed to the risk factor - Helps answer: are some populations at risk of or vulnerable to a specific disease than others? Relative risk (risk ratio) - Risk of disease (incidence) in exposed pop./ risk of disease (incidence) in unexposed pop. Interpreting relative risk - If resulting # is = to 1, indicates both groups have same risk of disease/ health concern - If resulting # is >1, indicates increased risk for exposed group is higher than the risk in the exposed group - If the resulting # is 1, indicates exposed group has increased odds of the outcome - If the resulting # is