Nucleic Acid Structure and Function Biochemistry Notes PDF
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Isabela State University
Eugene John F. Balmores Jr., MD
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This document provides notes on nucleic acid structure and function. It covers topics such as DNA replication, transcription, and translation, also explaining the differences between DNA and RNA. The document seems to be from a Biochemistry course at a university, possibly an introductory course.
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Isabela State University ECHAGUE CAMPUS COLLEGE OF MEDICINE BIOCHEMISTRY NOTES By: Eugene John F. Balm...
Isabela State University ECHAGUE CAMPUS COLLEGE OF MEDICINE BIOCHEMISTRY NOTES By: Eugene John F. Balmores Jr., MD References (Text, Tables, Figures): Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry; Kaplan Biochemistry and Medical Genetics NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION DNA and RNA are part of the central dogma of molecular biology DNA o Deoxynucleotides are held in polymeric form by 3’5’-phosphodiester bonds , constituting a single strand o Watson and Crick proposed a double-stranded molecule with the two strands held together by hydrogen bonds between the purine and pyrimidine bases and van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions between stacked adjacent base pairs o Exhibit polarity: 5’ phosphate terminus and 3’ hydroxyl terminus, with two strands antiparallel with each other o Chargaff Rule: %A = %T, %C = %G o The common form of the double-stranded DNA is right-handed with the anti-configuration of the glycosidic bond between the base and sugar favored o Template/noncoding strand: contains the genetic information as this is the strand being copied or transcribed during RNA synthesis VS Coding strand: the opposite strand; matches the sequence of RNA transcript that encodes the protein thousands of different proteins made by the o Grooves in the DNA molecule (major and minor) cell allows for interactions of protein with exposed ▪ Transfer RNA: second most abundant type atoms of the nucleotides of RNA; serve as adapters of amino acids for o DNA replication happens semi-conservatively translation ▪ Ribosomal RNA: most abundant type of RNA; member of the polysome (ribosome protein plus RNA) during translation ▪ Small RNA: involved in gene regulation ▪ Ribozymes: RNA molecules with enzymatic activity Further Readings o Polymerase Chain Reaction -END- RNA o Shares many features with DNA but possesses several specific differences ▪ Bases are attached to ribose instead of deoxyribose ▪ Contains uracil instead of thymine ▪ Typically exist in a single strand but capable of folding back on itself ▪ Does not follow Chargaff rule ▪ Can be hyrdrolyzed by alkali o Distinct classes ▪ Messenger RNA: convey the information in a gene to the protein-synthesizing machinery; 5’ terminus is capped with 7- methylguanosine triphosphate while 3’ end has poly-adenylate residues; there is essentially a unique mRNA for the
