Lecture 6 Counseling PDF

Lecture - 6 Counseling (2) Dr. Manal Abasher Assistant Professor College of Health Education and Promotion Jazan University, KSA Counseling skills ‫ﻣﮭﺎرات اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎرة‬ } } } } } Attending skills Listening skills Asking questions Reflection skills Responding with empathy XII ‫ﻣﮭﺎرات اﻟﺣﺿور‬ ‫ﻣﮭرات...

Lecture - 6 Counseling (2) Dr. Manal Abasher Assistant Professor College of Health Education and Promotion Jazan University, KSA Counseling skills ‫ﻣﮭﺎرات اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎرة‬ } } } } } Attending skills Listening skills Asking questions Reflection skills Responding with empathy XII ‫ﻣﮭﺎرات اﻟﺣﺿور‬ ‫ﻣﮭرات اﻷﺻﻐﺎء‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺄل اﺳﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﮭﺎرات اﻟﺗﻔﻛﯾر‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺗﻌﺎطف‬ } } } } } Bi Attending Skills ‫ﻣﮭﺎرات اﻟﺤﻀﻮر‬ } The basic elements of attending are summarized by the acronym SOLERF: ‫ﺗﺗﻠﺧص اﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻر اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺿور ﻓﻲ اﻻﺧﺗﺻﺎر‬ S Face your clients SQUARELY – not turned to the side. O Use an OPEN posture without crossed arms and legs L LEAN slightly toward the client rather than sitting back in the chair. E Maintain good EYE contact without staring. R Relax, keep it natural instead of sitting like a board. F Look FRIENDLY and welcoming rather than neutral or scowling. .‫ ﻻ ﺗﺗﺣول إﻟﻰ اﻟﺟﺎﻧب‬- ‫ واﺟﮫ ﻋﻣﻼﺋك ﺑﺷﻛل ﻣﻣﺗﺎز‬‫ اﺳﺗﺧدم وﺿﻌﯾﺔ ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ ﺑدون اﻟذراﻋﯾن واﻟﺳﺎﻗﯾن اﻟﻣﺗﻘﺎطﻌﺗﯾن‬.‫ اﻧﺣن ﻗﻠﯾﻼً ﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻌﻣﯾل ﺑدﻻً ﻣن اﻟﺟﻠوس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻛرﺳﻲ‬.‫ ﺣﺎﻓظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺗﺻﺎل ﺟﯾد ﺑﺎﻟﻌﯾن دون اﻟﺗﺣدﯾق‬.‫ اﺟﻌﻠﮭﺎ طﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ ﺑدﻻً ﻣن اﻟﺟﻠوس ﻣﺛل اﻟﺳﺑورة‬، ‫اﺳﺗرﺧﻲ‬.‫ ﺗﺑدو ودودة وﻣرﺣﺑﺔ ﺑدﻻً ﻣن اﻟﺣﯾﺎدﯾﺔ أو اﻟﻌﺑوس‬- Tx Happens when we “Listen for meaning” Active Listening ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎع اﻟﻔﻌﺎل‬ } } } } Listener says very little but conveys empathy, acceptance and genuineness. It includes both verbal and non-verbal components. Active listening means that you concentrate on what is being said- not on what you need to say or do. "‫ﯾﺣدث ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ "ﻧﺳﺗﻣﻊ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ .‫ﯾﻘول اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﻠﯾل ﺟدًا وﻟﻛﻧﮫ ﯾﻧﻘل اﻟﺗﻌﺎطف واﻟﻘﺑول واﻟﺻدق‬ .‫وﯾﺷﻣل ﻛﻼ ﻣن اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت اﻟﻠﻔظﯾﺔ وﻏﯾر اﻟﻠﻔظﯾﺔ‬ .‫ وﻟﯾس ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗرﯾد أن ﺗﻘوﻟﮫ أو ﺗﻔﻌﻠﮫ‬- ‫اﻻﺳﺗﻣﺎع اﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﯾﻌﻧﻲ أﻧك ﺗرﻛز ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻘﺎل‬ X WITH YOUR BODY WITH YOUR HEART WITH YOUR EARS WITH YOUR EYES WITH YOUR MOUTH Lean towards your patient Feel your patient’s pain e.g. empathy Listen actively to your patient Watch and observe e.g. body language Mostly closed! e.g. paraphrase and clarify ‫ﺗﻣﯾل ﻧﺣو ﻣرﯾﺿك‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻌر ﺑﺄﻟم ﻣرﯾﺿك ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل اﻟﻌطف‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻣﻊ ﺑﻧﺷﺎط ﻟﻣرﯾﺿك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟب ﻣﻐﻠق! ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل إﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﺷﺎھد وﻻﺣظ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﯾﺎﻏﺔ واﻟﺗوﺿﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل ﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﺟﺳد‬ Active Listening Active Listening Involves ‫ﯾﺸﻤﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﻂ‬ } } Participating in the world of the other person and being a part of what that person is experiencing. .‫اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟم اﻟﺷﺧص اﻵﺧر وأن ﺗﻛون ﺟزًءا ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾﺧﺗﺑره ھذا اﻟﺷﺧص‬ o Hearing words but also listening to how the words are being said. o What tone of voice is being used? o What words are being used to describe the experience? o What body language is the person displaying? o What shows on their face? o What do the words flow or are there lots of hesitations? Listening to what is not being said, or listening to silences. } .‫ﺿﺎ اﻻﺳﺗﻣﺎع إﻟﻰ ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﻧطق اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت‬ ً ‫ﺳﻣﺎع اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت وﻟﻛن أﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ﻧﺑرة اﻟﺻوت اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ھﻲ اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﻟوﺻف اﻟﺗﺟرﺑﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﺟﺳد اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻌرﺿﮭﺎ اﻟﺷﺧص؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟذي ﯾظﮭر ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟوھﮭم؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺗدﻓق اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت أم أن ھﻧﺎك اﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻟﺗردد؟‬ .‫ أو اﻻﺳﺗﻣﺎع إﻟﻰ اﻟﺻﻣت‬، ‫اﻻﺳﺗﻣﺎع إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﯾﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗﻣﺎع اﻟﻠﻔظﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﺗﺿﻣن اﻟردود اﻟﻠﻔظﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺗظﮭر أﻧك ﺗﺳﺗﻣﻊ أو ﺗﺷﺟﻊ اﻟﻌﻣﻼء‪:‬‬ ‫"ﻣم ‪ .. ...‬ﻣم" ‪" ،‬آه ‪ "،‬أو "ﻧﻌم"‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎع اﻟﻔﻌﺎل ‪Active Listening‬‬ ‫‪Verbal listening: verbal responses showing that you are listening‬‬ ‫‪or encouraging the clients include:‬‬ ‫”‪“mmm…..mmm,” “uh-huh,” or “yes‬‬ ‫‪} Non-verbal listening: “Listen” without speaking. (SOLERF‬‬ ‫)‪method‬‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗﻣﺎع ﻏﯾر اﻟﻠﻔظﻲ‪" :‬اﺳﺗﻣﻊ" دون اﻟﺗﺣدث‪) .‬طرﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫)‪SOLERF‬‬ ‫‪Remember: Communication is‬‬‫ﺗذﻛر‪ :‬اﻻﺗﺻﺎل ھو‪-‬‬ ‫‪o 55% body language‬‬ ‫‪ ٪55‬ﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﺟﺳد‬ ‫‪ ٪38‬ﻟﮭﺟﺔ و‬ ‫‪o 38% tone and‬‬ ‫‪ ٪7‬ﻛﻠﻣﺎت‬ ‫‪o 7% words‬‬ ‫ﻗد ﻻ ﯾﺗذﻛر ﻋﻣﯾﻠك ﻣﺎ ﻗﯾل ‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻧﮫ ﺳﯾﺗذﻛر ﻛﯾف ﺟﻌﻠﺗﮫ ﯾﺷﻌر‪.‬‬ ‫‪Your client may not remember what was said, but they will remember‬‬ ‫‪how you made them feel.‬‬ ‫}‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺷﺎط‪ :‬اﻻﺳﺗﻣﺎع اﻟﻧﺷط ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣرة اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﺻل ﻓﯾﮭﺎ أﻧت وﺻدﯾق أو زﻣﯾل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓرﺻﺔ ﻟﻠدردﺷﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻛر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻻﺳﺗﻣﺎع ﺑﻧﺷﺎط‪ .‬ﺣﺎول اﻻﺳﺗﻣﺎع دون ﻣﻘﺎطﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﺣﺎول أﻻ ﺗﺗﻔوه ﺑﺄﻛﺛر ﻣن ﻛﻠﻣﺗﯾن أو ﺛﻼث ﻛﻠﻣﺎت‪ .‬اﺟﻌﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺣدث ﺑﻘوﻟﮫ "آه ‪ ،‬ﺣﻘًﺎ !؟" ‪" ،‬أﺧﺑرﻧﻲ اﻟﻣزﯾد" ‪ ،‬إﻟﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻛر ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ھل ﻛﻧت ﻗﺎدًرا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺗﻣرار ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺣﺎدﺛﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺳد اﻟﻣﺷﺟﻌﺔ وﻛﻠﻣﺔ أو ﻛﻠﻣﺗﯾن ﻓﻘط؟‬ ‫‪ .2‬ھل ﻛﻧت ﻗﺎدًرا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺟﻧب اﻟﻣﻘﺎطﻌﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻓﻛر ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﻗد ﯾﺷﻌر ﺑﮫ اﻟﻣﺗﺣدث‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ھل ﺷﻌروا أن ﻟدﯾﮭم اﻹذن ﺑﻣواﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث؟ ‪ .2‬ھل ﺷﻌروا أﻧﮭم ﺳﻣﻌوا؟‬ Asking Questions ? ‫ﯾﺴﺄل اﺳﺌﻠﺔ ؟‬ } } } Are important for counseling and help a person open up or close them down. Open questions: have no correct answer and require an explanation. These questions are good for starting the information gathering part of the session. For Example: } What brought you in here today? ‫ﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﻟﺗﻘدﯾم اﻟﻣﺷورة وﻣﺳﺎﻋدة اﻟﺷﺧص ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺗﺣﮫ‬ .‫أو إﻏﻼﻗﮫ‬ } How do you feel about this pregnancy? ‫ ﻟﯾس ﻟدﯾك إﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ وﺗﺣﺗﺎج‬:‫أﺳﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬ } What does that make you feel? ‫ ھذه اﻷﺳﺋﻠﺔ ﺟﯾدة ﻟﺑدء اﻟﺟزء اﻟﺧﺎص‬.‫إﻟﻰ ﺗوﺿﯾﺢ‬ } What do you feel bout your diabetes? .‫ﺑﺟﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ﻣن اﻟﺟﻠﺳﺔ‬ :‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟذي أﺗﻰ ﺑك ھﻧﺎ اﻟﯾوم؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ھو ﺷﻌورك ﺣﯾﺎل ھذا اﻟﺣﻣل؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟذي ﯾﺟﻌﻠك ﺗﺷﻌر؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ھو ﺷﻌورك ﺑﺧﺻوص ﻣرض اﻟﺳﻛري اﻟﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﺑك؟‬ Asking Questions ? } } Closed questions: can easily be answered with a “yes” or a “no” or brief information and help the client to focus the discussion. ‫ ﯾﻣﻛن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﺑﺳﮭوﻟﺔ ﺑـ "ﻧﻌم" أو "ﻻ" أو ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت‬:‫اﻷﺳﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬ .‫ﻣوﺟزة وﻣﺳﺎﻋدة اﻟﻌﻣﯾل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗرﻛﯾز اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬ For Example: :‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬ } What is your name and date of birth? ‫ﻣﺎ اﺳﻣك وﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻣﯾﻼدك؟‬ ‫ھل ھذا اﻟﺣﻣل ﻣﺧطط؟‬ } Is this pregnancy planned? ‫ھل أﻧت ﻣﺳﺗﻌد ﻟﻠﺗوﻗف ﻋن ﻓﻌل ذﻟك؟‬ ‫أﯾن ﺗﻌﻣل؟‬ } Are you ready to stop doing that? } Where do you work?