Novel 1, 19th Century English Literature PDF

# Novel 1 ## The English Novel in the 19th Century: The 19th century in England began in 1815 and ended in 1911. It's a great period in English history because it witnessed great developments and events in all aspects of life. It also witnessed industrial, agricultural, religious, and scientific r...

# Novel 1 ## The English Novel in the 19th Century: The 19th century in England began in 1815 and ended in 1911. It's a great period in English history because it witnessed great developments and events in all aspects of life. It also witnessed industrial, agricultural, religious, and scientific revolutions. In commerce, there appears the *Respiratory Commercial Class* قطاع تجاري which benefited from industrial and agricultural progress. The development of railways helped a lot to increase commercial activities. "Men of Letters" الأدباء expressed amidst the influence of the الطبقة الإدارية on men's spiritual and emotional experiments. ### In Literature: There appeared great men of letters who expressed the spirit of the age and shared in the reparation of their country. *Charles Dickens* specifically: In the novel genre فرع الرواية, this century witnessed the purpose and appearance of men and women's topics. Such as *William Thackeray* and *George Eliot*. *Jane Austen* and *Wilkie Collins* who is the first detective story writer. His first novel was: *The Moonstone*. The novelist *Robet Stevenson* wrote novels, drama, stories, and poetry - we can't also forget about *The Rossettis* who wrote great novels and expressed the duties and rights of English cultures. *Jane Austen* expressed the family relationships. ### *Charles Dickens* was born in 1812 and died in 1860. He is the greatest novelist in the English literature writers. He published his novel "The Greenhouse" in 1875, expressing the changes of nature of society and literature during the time. There was other novels such as *Stitches by Boz* and *Our Mutual Friend*. His novels discussed the problems of the society he lived in. ### *William Thackeray* was born on 1811 and died on 1883. He was the nearest contemporary writer to Dickens. Dickens was a fool, but Thackeray was a son of a wealthy father who worked for the government. As a novelist, he wrote *Vanity Fair*. He showed a great and a deep hate to insensitivity between people, and this was the idea that the author wanted to express in this novel. ### What differentiates him from Shakespeare is that his novels were varied. ### Another Novelist called *Charles Reade*. He published a novel called *It's Never Too Late to Help*. He exposes the prison system in England. ### From all women realists, we select the "3 Sisters": *Charlotte Brontë*, *Anne Brontë*, and *Emily Brontë*. They lived in a small village, and all their novels mainly depended on their imagination. *Emily* wrote the great novel *Wuthering Heights*. And *Anne* wrote *Wildfell Hall*. *Charlotte* was known for *Jane Eyre*. ### The next writer we will talk about is *Henry James*: He was born in 1843 and died in 1916. He was born in New York, but settled on Europe and wrote in the English language. He expressed the "Anglo-American" theme, which shows the cultural and moral differences between Europe and America. He wrote such good novels as *The Golden Bowl* and *The Wings of the Dove.* ## The end… **By: Esraa Shafter**