NOVAK DMD 5240-15 Intro to Digestive, Urinary and Reproductive Systems.pptx

DMD 5240: Intro to Digestive, Urinary and Reproductive Systems Dr. Rachel Novak Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak  Learning Outcomes 1. List and describe the structures of the digestive system. 2. List and describe the structures of the...

DMD 5240: Intro to Digestive, Urinary and Reproductive Systems Dr. Rachel Novak Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak  Learning Outcomes 1. List and describe the structures of the digestive system. 2. List and describe the structures of the urinary system. 3. List and describe the structures of the reproductive system. 4. Apply anatomical knowledge to clinical cases. Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak Abdomen Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak  Functions of Abdominal Cavity Houses and protects major viscera Assists in breathing Changes in intra- abdominal pressure Mitchell, A.W.V.R.D. A. (2020). Gray's Anatomy for Students. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/978032 3611046/ Figure 4.3 and 4.4 4 Abdominopelvic Quadrants Upper right – Liver, gall bladder Lower right – Appendix Upper left – Stomach, spleen Lower left Mitchell, A.W.V.R.D. A. (2020). Gray's Anatomy for Students. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/978032 3611046/ Figure 4.22 Digestive System Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak  Digestive System Accessory Digestive Organs – Salivary glands – Teeth – Tongue – Liver – Gall bladder – Pancreas Gastrointestinal Tract – Oral cavity – Pharynx – Esophagus – Stomach – Small intestine – Large intestine – Anal canal McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 26.1  Digestive System Functions Ingestion Mechanical digestion (physical breakdown of food) – Mastication: chewing – Segmentation: mixing and churning in small intestine Chemical digestion (enzymatic breakdown of food) Propulsion – Peristalsis: muscular contraction that moves food through GI tract Secretion (production and release of bile, enzymes, mucus) Absorption (nutrient transport into blood/lymph vessels) Elimination of waste (defecation of feces) Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak  Gastrointestinal Tract: Oral Cavity Lips and oral cavity are lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium First site of mechanical and chemical digestion Mitchell, A.W.V.R.D. A. (2020). Gray's Anatomy for Students. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780 323611046/ Figure 8.247  Gastrointestinal Tract: Pharynx Throat Connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus Three regions: – Nasopharynx Pseudostratified ciliated columnar – Oropharynx Stratified squamous – Laryngopharynx Stratified squamous McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 25.2  Gastrointestinal Tract: Esophagus Muscular tube Propels swallowed food to stomach (peristalsis) McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 26.1  Gastrointestinal Tract: Stomach Storage of food Mechanical digestion: churn food with gastric juice Chemical digestion: initiate protein digestion Limited absorption Mitchell, A.W.V.R.D. A. (2020). Gray's Anatomy for Students. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780 323611046/ Figure 4.64 X Clinical Note: Peptic Ulcer Reflux Esophagitis McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Clinical View 26.2  Gastrointestinal Tract: Small Intestine Functions: – Majority of chemical digestion occurs here – Nutrient absorption Regions: – Duodenum – Jejunum – Ileum McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 26.14  Gastrointestinal Tract: Large Intestine Functions – Absorbs water and electrolytes – Forces feces toward rectum Regions – Cecum – Ascending colon – Hepatic flexure – Transverse colon – Splenic flexure – Descending colon – Sigmoid colon – Rectum – Anus McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 26.16  Accessory Digestive Organs: Salivary Glands Parotid gland and duct – 25-30% of saliva production Sublingual gland and duct – 3-5% of saliva production Submandibular gland and duct – 60-70% of saliva production Autonomic innervation Produce 1.5 L saliva per day – Wets and binds food 3 – Cleans and lubricates oral cavity – Kills harmful microorganisms – Dissolves food chemicals – Enzymes begin digestion of starch McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 26.4  Accessory Digestive Organs: Liver Functions: – Glycogen storage – Detoxification of poisons, metabolites, and drugs – Clean out debris and old RBCs – Production of blood proteins – Produce bile Lobes: 3 – Left – Right – Quadrate – Caudate McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 26.18  Accessory Digestive Organs: Gall Bladder Stores and concentrates bile 1 3 Mitchell, A.W.V.R.D. A. (2020). Gray's Anatomy for Students. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780 323611046/ Figure 4.106 X Clinical Note: Cholelithiasis or Gall Stones McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Clinical View 26.6 and  Accessory Digestive Organs: Pancreas Exocrine functions: – Produce digestive 1 enzymes Endocrine functions: – Produce the hormones 2 3 insulin and glucagon McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 26.21  Peritoneum and Mesenteries Mesenteries – Double layer folds of peritoneum – Support intraperitoneal organs – Include: Greater omentum Lesser omentum Mesentery proper Mesocolon Retroperitoneal – Organs that lie directly against the body wall Superficial to parietal peritoneum McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 26.7  Retroperitoneal Organs SAD PUCKER Suprarenal (adrenal) glands Aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) Duodenum (all except 1st part) Pancreas (all except tail) Ureters Colon (ascending and descending) Kidneys Esophagus Rectum (last part) Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak Urinary System Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak Urinary System Organs – Kidneys – Ureters – Urinary bladder – Urethra Functions – Remove waste products from the bloodstream – Storage and excretion of urine – Regulation of blood pressure and volume – Secretion of erythropoietin (EPO) Regulation of erythrocyte production McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 27.1  Kidneys Bean-shaped and reddish- brown Retroperitoneal – Located against posterior abdominal wall Surrounded and suspended by fat Adrenal gland rests on the top of the kidney McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 27.1  Ureters Retroperitoneal Urine in the renal pelvis causes peristaltic waves McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 27.1 Urinary Bladder Collapsible, muscular sac Stores and expels urine McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 27.10  Urethra Internal urethral sphincter – Smooth muscle – Involuntary External urethral sphincter – Skeletal muscle – Voluntary External urethral Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 27.11 X Clinical Note: Urolithiasis or Kidney Stones Kidney Transplant McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 27  Male and Female Reproductive Systems Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak  Male Anatomy 1. Scrotum 2. Testis 3. Epididymis 4. Ductus (vas) deferens 5. Spermatic cord (not pictured) 6 8 6. Seminal vesicles 7 9 7. Ejaculatory duct 10 11 8. Prostate gland 4 9. Bulbourethral gland 3 10.Urethra 2 11.Penis 1 McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 28.11  Prepuce Foreskin Skin covering glans Removed during circumcision McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Clinical View 28.7  Erection and Ejaculation Erection – Blood fills the erectile tissues Deep arteries dilate Blood is trapped in erectile tissues by compression of veins – Under parasympathetic control Ejaculation – Expulsion of semen – Under sympathetic control Mnemonic – Point and Shoot McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 28.17 X Clinical Note: Orchitis and Testicular Torsion Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak  Female Anatomy 1. Ovary 2. Fimbriae 3. Uterine tubes 2 (oviduct) 1 4. Uterus 3 5. Cervix 6. Vagina 4 7. Vaginal rugae 8. Hymen – Not pictured 5 9. Vestibular glands 6 – Not pictured 14 7 10.Vulva – All external genitalia 15 11.Labia majora 12.Labia minora 13 12 13.Clitoris 10 11 14.Mons pubis 15.Urethra McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 28.2 X Clinical Note: Endometriosis Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak Mammary Gland Mammary glands, modified sweat gland – Prolactin - create milk – Oxytocin - eject milk Lobes and lactiferous ducts Nipple Areola – Pigmented – Many sebaceous glands Suspensory (Cooper’s) ligaments McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/book s/9781260443875/ Figure 28.10  Board Review Questions Dental Decks, INBDE 2020 – Anatomic Science: 105, 245, 254, 256 Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak  Primary Resources Abrahams, P. (2013). McMinn and Abrahams' Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/978-0-7234-3697-3/ Baker, E. W. (2015). Anatomy for Dental Medicine. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781626230866/ Gilroy, A. M. (2016). Atlas of Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781626232532EPUB/ Hutchings, B.M.L.P.R.R. T. (2010). McMinn's Color Atlas of Head and Neck Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/978-0-323-05614-4/ McKinley, M. (2021). Human Anatomy. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781260443875/ Mitchell, A.W.V.R.D. A. (2020). Gray's Anatomy for Students. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780323611046/ Morton, David. Morton’s Anatomy Slides, University of Utah. Nielsen, Mark. Nielsen’s Anatomy Slides, University of Utah. Norton, N. S. (2017). Netter's Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry Elsevier on VitalSource. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780323392280/ Standring, S. (2015). Gray's Anatomy E-Book. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780702068515/ Digestive, Urinary and Repro - Novak