Protein Synthesis & Transcription Notes PDF

NOTES: Protein Synthesis From DNA to Proteins Learning Objective: How does DNA create proteins, and what do proteins do?  Protein Synthesis How cells make proteins from DNA Two processes: – Transcription – Translation  GPT (Not Chat-GPT…) GENE =...

NOTES: Protein Synthesis From DNA to Proteins Learning Objective: How does DNA create proteins, and what do proteins do?  Protein Synthesis How cells make proteins from DNA Two processes: – Transcription – Translation  GPT (Not Chat-GPT…) GENE = a section of DNA How long? Hundreds to Thousands Of N. Base Pairs long One gene = the instructions for how to make one PROTEIN __________ and proteins determine TRAITS  Each chromosome = thousands of genes average gene = 13,000 base pairs  (Genes) Instructions for Making (Proteins) Determine (Traits)  (Genes) (Proteins) (Traits) Instructions for Determine Making A A gene Type A blood chromosome 9 marker protein on RBC PROBLEM!! Where is the DNA in a cell? The nucleus, but DNA cannot leave the nucleus.... We need DNA to make it to a ribosome in the cytoplasm so it can make proteins. So, how can DNA provide instruction to the ribosome from inside of the nucleus?  We actually make a special copy of the DNA in the nucleus. – We call this special copy mRNA. – The process of making mRNA is called transcription! What differences do you notice in DNA and RNA?  Also called mRNA! Has deoxyribose sugar Has ribose sugar Double stranded Single stranded Bases = A, T, C and G Bases = A, U, C and G 4. Does not leave the 4. In nucleus and cytoplasm nucleus A T A U G C G C  How does DNA make RNA? Transcription: process of making mRNA from DNA Happens inside the nucleus  Lets practice transcription! G C A C C A A T A A C C A T A = DNA template __________ C G T G G T T A T T G G T A T = DNA __________ coding G C A C C A A UAA C C A U A = mRNA