Notes On Materials Science PDF

# Electromagnetic Radiotion The Common Official Names: - Radio waves - Microwaves - Infrared - Visible light - Ultraviolet - X-rays - Gamma rays ## Jensile Stress Stress, σ, is defined as the force divided by the initial surface area. σ = F/A_o ## Compressive Stress If *instead of...

# Electromagnetic Radiotion The Common Official Names: - Radio waves - Microwaves - Infrared - Visible light - Ultraviolet - X-rays - Gamma rays ## Jensile Stress Stress, σ, is defined as the force divided by the initial surface area. σ = F/A_o ## Compressive Stress If *instead of pulling on our material, we push or compress our cylinder* ## Shear Stress Instead of applying force perpendicular to the surface, apply parallel but opposite forces on the two surfaces. ## Torsional Stress If hold one end of our cylinder fixed and twist the other end (as shown in the figure below), Torsional stress or (twisting) ## Processing -> Structure -> Properties -> Performance Performance Goal: increased Strength from a metallic strength ## Phase Changes - **Freezing:** Liquid to Solid - **Melting:** Solid to liquid - **Condensation:** Gas to Liquid - **Vaporization:** Liquid to Solid directly - **Deposition:** Gas to Solid directly # Material Cycle - **Raw Materials** - Earth - Waste - **Synthesis and Processing** - Recycle/reuse - **Engineered Materials** - Product design, manufacture, and assembly ## Product Applications - Agriculture - Construction - Environmental - Defense - Information/Communications - Transportation - Energy - Health - Extaction/Production