Normative Theories of the Press PDF

# Normative Theories of the Press ## Two Normative Theories - Soviet Communist - Social Responsibility ## Normative Theories - Describe an ideal way for a media system to be controlled and operated by the government, authority, leader, and public. - Focus on Western Europe (United States and its a...

# Normative Theories of the Press ## Two Normative Theories - Soviet Communist - Social Responsibility ## Normative Theories - Describe an ideal way for a media system to be controlled and operated by the government, authority, leader, and public. - Focus on Western Europe (United States and its allies countries) & Soviet Union (Russia and its allies countries) in the wake of World War II and the Cold War. - These theories are concerned about the ownership of the media and who controls the press of media in the country. ## Four Normative Theories of the Press ### 1. Authoritarian ### 2. Libertarian ### 3. Soviet Communist ### 4. Social Responsibility ## Proponents - Fred S. Siebert - Expertise in freedom of the press and press law. - Director of the School of Journalism and Communication at the University of Illinois. - Graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1923 and the University of Illinois Law School. - Theodore Peterson - American communications theorist and professor. - Associate professor of Journalism and Communication at the University of Illinois. - Wilbur Schramm - The Father of Communication Study and developed the two-way communication model. - Former dean of the Communications Division of the University of Illinois. - Professor of Journalism and Communications at Stanford University. ## Origin - Cold War between Western Europe and the soviet union. - Focus on Western Europe (United States and its allies countries) & Soviet Union (Russia and its allies countries) in the wake of World War II and the Cold War. --- ## Soviet Communist - Also known as communist media theory. - Emerged in the early 20th century following the 1917 Russian Revolution and the establishment of the Soviet Union. - Developed as a part of the broader communist ideology. - Media is taken as a part of the state and acknowledges the government as superior to media institutions. ### Major Features 1. State ownership 2. Propaganda tool 3. Censorship 4. Collectivism over individualism ### Strengths 1. Betterment of the state 2. Unity 3. Information management 4. Social Change ### Criticism 1. Lack of press freedom 2. Propaganda concerns 3. Lack of accountability 4. Limited diversity of views --- ## Social Responsibility - Emerged in the mid-20th century in the United States as a response to criticisms of the libertarian model. - Formally declared in 1947 through the Hutchins Commission report titled "A Free and Responsible Press." - Ethics guide any action that puts an obligation towards the environment, society, culture, and economy. ### Major Features 1. Media obligation to society 2. Self-regulation 3. Acceptance of social responsibility 4. Ethical consideration ### Strengths 1. Avoid conflicts 2. Citizens are a priority 3. No monopoly 4. Publish truth ### Criticism 1. Vague definition of responsibility 2. Idealistic nature 3. Western bias 4. Conflict with profit motive --- ## Normative Theory Strengths - Freedom of expression. - Minimal government intervention. - Values media responsibility. - Values diversity and pluralism. - Individual autonomy. ## Normative Theory Weaknesses - Western bias. - Government control. - Watchdog role. - Outdated. - Semi-research. ## References - https://www.slideshare.net/RawahaShah/normative-theories-147808719 - https://indianmediastudies.com/normative-theory/ - https://www.slideshare.net/asmamaqsood4/normative-theories-slideshare-81194859 - https://www.businesstopia.net/mass-communication/normative-theories-press - https://www.scribd.com/document/330759573/Normative-Theory ## Presented by Sinsuangco, Chylianne N.