NFPA 13 2019 Standard for Sprinkler Systems PDF

NFPA 13 ® Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems 2019  IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA® STANDARDS NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA STANDARDS NFPA® codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Stand...

NFPA 13 ® Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems 2019  IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA® STANDARDS NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA STANDARDS NFPA® codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on fire and other safety issues. While the NFPA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in NFPA Standards. 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NFPA® 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems 2019 Edition This edition of NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, was prepared by the Technical Committees on Hanging and Bracing of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, Private Water Supply Piping Systems, Sprinkler System Discharge Criteria, and Sprinkler System Installation Criteria, released by the Correlating Committee on Automatic Sprinkler Systems, and acted on by NFPA at its June Association Technical Meeting held June 11–14, 2018, in Las Vegas, NV. It was issued by the Standards Council on August 14, 2018, with an effective date of September 3, 2018, and supersedes all previous editions. This document has been amended by one or more Tentative Interim Amendments (TIAs) and/or Errata. See “Codes & Standards” at www.nfpa.org for more information. This edition of NFPA 13 was approved as an American National Standard on September 3, 2018. Origin and Development of NFPA 13 NFPA 13 represents the first standard published under the auspices of the NFPA Committee on Automatic Sprinklers. Originally titled Rules and Regulations of the National Board of Fire Underwriters for Sprinkler Equipments, Automatic and Open Systems, the standard has been continuously updated to keep in step with change. Full information about the NFPA actions on various changes will be found in the NFPA Proceedings. The dates of successive editions are as follows: 1896, 1899, 1902, 1905, 1907, 1908, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929. In 1930, a separate standard was published on Class B systems. This was integrated into the 1931 edition. Further revisions were adopted in 1934, 1935, and 1936. A two-step revision was presented in the form of a progress report in 1939 and finally adopted in 1940. Further amendments were made in 1947, 1950, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986, and 1989. The 1991 edition incorporated an entire rewrite of the standard to make the overall format user friendly. Substantive changes were made to numerous terms, definitions, and descriptions, with additional refinements made in 1994. The centennial (1996) edition included a significant rework of the requirements pertaining to the application, placement, location, spacing, and use of various types of sprinklers. Other changes provided information on extended coverage sprinklers and recognized the benefits of fast-response sprinkler technology. The 1999 edition encompassed a major reorganization of NFPA's Sprinkler Project that included the establishment of a Technical Correlating Committee on Automatic Sprinkler Systems and four new sprinkler systems technical committees, the consolidation of NFPA's sprinkler system design and installation requirements, and the implementation of numerous technical changes. The scope of NFPA 13 was expanded to address all sprinkler system applications. The 1999 edition contained information on the installation of underground pipe from NFPA 24 and sprinkler system discharge criteria for on-floor and rack storage of Class I, II, III, IV, and plastic commodities, rubber tires, baled cotton, and roll paper that were previously located in NFPA 231, 231C, 231D, 231E, and 231F. Additionally, sprinkler system information for specialized hazards from over 40 NFPA documents was either brought into NFPA 13 using NFPA's extract policy or specifically referenced. A new chapter was also added to address the structural aspects of exposed and buried system piping. A table of cross-references to previous editions and material that was located in other NFPA documents was included at the end of the 1999 edition. NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169. 13-2 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS More specific changes included a new sprinkler identification marking system and the designation of sprinkler sizes by nominal K-factors. New criteria for the use of steel pipe in underground applications was added, as well as a new provision to guard against microbiologically influenced corrosion. Obstruction rules for specific sprinkler types and rules for locating sprinklers in concealed spaces were revised. New limitations were placed on the sprinkler sizes in storage applications, and criteria for the K-25 sprinkler was added. Additionally, the requirements for protecting sprinklers against seismic events also underwent significant revision. The 2002 edition of NFPA 13 underwent style formatting and technical revisions. The style formatting was completed to comply with the Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Committee Documents and to reorganize many of the requirements in NFPA 13 into unique chapters. Editorially, NFPA 13 eliminated all of the exceptions and reworded them as requirements where applicable, moved the mandatory references to Chapter 2, and relocated all of the definitions to Chapter 3. In reorganizing NFPA 13, several new chapters were created to consolidate requirements including the following: Chapter 10 contained all of the applicable requirements for underground piping including materials, installation, and acceptance testing; Chapter 11 contained design approaches including pipe schedule, density/area method, room design method, special design areas, residential sprinklers, exposure protection, and water curtains; Chapter 12 contained the design approaches for the protection of storage, including idle pallets, miscellaneous storage, storage less than 12 ft, palletized, solid pile, bin box, and shelf storage, rack storage less than 25 ft, rack storage greater than 25 ft, rubber tire, baled cotton, rolled paper, and special storage designs; and Chapter 13 contained all of the design and installation requirements from all of the various documents that have been extracted into NFPA 13. The 2002 edition made specific technical changes to address several key issues. Three major areas of irregular ceiling were addressed, including skylights, stepped ceilings, and ceiling pockets. The design requirements for ESFR sprinklers were expanded to allow the user to choose the storage height and then the building height for any allowable arrangement. Design requirements for the protection of storage on solid shelves were added. Requirements for the installation of residential sprinklers were added that parallel the requirements for other types of sprinklers. For the 2007 edition, definitions were reorganized to locate all of the storage definitions in one area, and several new definitions addressing private water supply terms were added. The definitions and requirements of Ordinary Hazard Group 1 and 2 Occupancies were clarified where storage is present. The requirements for trapeze hangers were clarified and made consistent for all components, and the seismic bracing criteria were updated to ensure that NFPA 13 contains all of the appropriate requirements for installation and design of seismic bracing of fire sprinkler systems. The requirements for storage were further reorganized and divided into separate chapters addressing general requirements for storage; miscellaneous storage; protection of Class I to Class IV commodities that are stored palletized, solid piled, bin boxes, or shelf storage; protection of plastic and rubber commodities that are stored palletized, solid piled, bin boxes, or shelf storage; protection of Class I through Class IV commodities that are stored on racks; protection of plastic and rubber commodities that are stored on racks; protection of rubber tire storage; protection of roll paper; and special designs of storage protection. For the 2010 edition, many of the major changes related to the requirements for storage protection. First was the combination of large drop sprinkler and the specific application control mode sprinkler requirements and the revision of the terminology to identify them as Control Mode Specific Application sprinklers (CMSA). Next, new criteria for use of smoke vents were added to Chapter 12. The density/area curves in the storage chapters were reduced to a maximum 3000 ft2 (278 m2) operating area; this was a significant reduction of some curves that had extended up to 6000 ft2 (557 m2). Changes to rack storage in the 2010 edition included a new method to calculate the rack shelf area. Finally, the provisions for back-to-back shelf storage were added to the storage chapters. Criteria for the protection of three new special storage arrangements were added to Chapter 20. These included protection of carton records storage with catwalk access; compact shelving of commodities consisting of paper files, magazines, books, and similar documents in folders and miscellaneous supplies with no more than 5 percent plastics up to 8 ft high; and protection of high bay record storage. In Chapter 9, a number of changes occurred regarding sway bracing of sprinkler systems, including the introduction of new zone of influence tables for Schedule 5 steel pipe, CPVC, and Type M copper tube. Also the means for calculating the loads in the zone of influence were modified to correlate with SEI/ASCE-7, and a new Annex E was added that described this calculation. Other areas of change included requirements for listed expansion chambers; clarification of ceiling pocket rules; and clarification of the formulas used in calculating large antifreeze systems. The 2013 edition of NFPA 13 included changes to many technical requirements as well as the reorganization of multiple chapters. One significant change that was made to the administrative chapter of NFPA 13 was to clarify that watermist systems were not covered within NFPA 13 and that NFPA 750 should be used when looking for guidance on the design and installation of those systems. A series of new requirements addressed the need for a compatibility review where nonmetallic piping and fittings are installed in systems also using petroleum-based products such as cutting oils and corrosion inhibitors. Several modifications were made to the standard pertaining to freeze protection. The use of antifreeze in new NFPA 13 sprinkler systems was prohibited unless the solution use was listed and the listing indicated illustrated the inability for the solution to ignite. Other freeze protection modifications to the standard included clarification on the use of heat tracing, required barrel 2019 Edition  ORIGIN & DEVELOPMENT 13-3 length for dry sprinklers, and the allowance for engineering analyses to be submitted to support an alternate freeze protection scheme. New sprinkler omission requirements were added for elevator machine rooms and other elevator associated spaces where certain criteria were met. Chapter 9 included updated information on shared support structures as well as a revised seismic bracing calculation form. Chapters 16 and 17 were reorganized to make the chapters easier to follow, to create more consistency between the various storage chapters. A new chapter on alternative approaches for storage applications was added to provide guidance on performance-based approaches dealing with storage arrangements. One of the largest changes to the 2016 edition of NFPA 13 was the review of all metric conversions. Historically the document had used an “exact” conversion process, but in the 2016 edition an approximate conversion process was used. The intent of this change was to make the document more usable outside the United States. Another major change was the inclusion of a pipe venting requirement to eliminate as much air as possible from wet pipe systems. This requirement contemplates only a single vent in each wet system. There were a significant number of changes to the storage chapters of NFPA 13. New design criteria were included for the protection of exposed, expanded Group A plastics stored in racks. Also, a ceiling and in-rack design approach, called an “alternative protection scheme,” was added to Chapters 16 and 17. A similar concept had existed for sprinkler protection in NFPA 30 for several revision cycles. A new section on sprinkler design where cloud ceilings are installed was added. This design scheme allows sprinklers to be omitted above cloud ceilings when the gap between clouds (or clouds and walls) meets a maximum allowable dimension based on the floor-to-cloud ceiling height. This new language was created based on a project conducted by the Fire Protection Research Foundation. Chapter 10, which is extracted from NFPA 24, was significantly revised based on the rewrite of NFPA 24. Most of the technical content remained the same, although the organization and structure were modified. The 2019 edition of NFPA 13 has undergone a complete reorganization and is now fashioned in order of how one would approach the design of a sprinkler system. Users will now find hazard classifications, water supplies, and underground piping at the beginning of the standard. Chapter 8 has been divided into several new chapters, breaking out general rules for sprinkler locations into one chapter and several other chapters specific to sprinkler technology. The storage chapters have also been reorganized by sprinkler technology and address ceiling-only design. Chapter 25 has been revised and now contains all the requirements for in-rack sprinklers. Requirements for vertical pipe chases have been clarified as have requirements for electrical equipment rooms where sprinklers can be omitted. Additionally, new beam rules for residential sprinklers have been added and details provided. Due to the extensive reorganization of the 2019 edition, new features have been added to help users locate requirements and identify sections with technical changes. The 2016–2019 Roadmap comparing the section numbers of the 2016 edition to the 2019 edition has been compiled and is located after the index. It is provided for information only and should be used as a quick-reference locator. Technical changes from the last edition are also indicated and should be used as a guide. Shaded text identifies requirements that have been modified as a result of additions and deletions with the exception of tables and figures. New requirements are marked with the N symbol. Users can view complete revision details in the First and Second Draft Reports located in the NFPA 13 archived revision section at www.nfpa.org/docinfo. Previous editions of this document have been translated into languages other than English, including French and Spanish. 2019 Edition 13-4 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS Correlating Committee on Automatic Sprinkler Systems Kenneth W. Linder, Chair Swiss Re, CT [I] Jose R. Baz, JRB Associates Group Inc., FL [M] Charles W. Ketner, National Automatic Sprinkler Fitters LU 669, Rep. NFPA Latin American Section MD [L] Kerry M. Bell, UL LLC, IL [RT] Rep. United Assn. of Journeymen & Apprentices of the Plumbing & Pipe Fitting Industry Tracey D. Bellamy, Telgian Corporation, GA [U] Rep. The Home Depot John A. LeBlanc, FM Global, MA [I] Scott T. Franson, The Viking Corporation, MI [M] David O. Lowrey, City of Boulder Fire Rescue, CO [E] Michael J. Friedman, Friedman Consulting, Inc., MD [SE] Brock Mitchell, Extended Stay Hotels, NC [U] Luke Hilton, Liberty Mutual Property, NC [I] Garner A. Palenske, Jensen Hughes/AON Fire Protection Engineering, CA [SE] Alex Hoffman, Viking Fire Protection Inc., Canada [IM] Rep. JENSEN HUGHES Rep. Canadian Automatic Sprinkler Association Adam Seghi, Coda Risk Analysis, TX [I] Mark Hopkins, National Fire Sprinkler Association, MD [M] Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association Douglas Paul Stultz, U.S. Department of the Navy, VA [E] Roland J. Huggins, American Fire Sprinkler Association, Inc., TX J. Michael Thompson, GHD/The Protection Engineering Group, [IM] PC, VA [SE] Sultan M. Javeri, SC Engineering, France [IM] Alternates Roland A. Asp, National Fire Sprinkler Association, Inc., MD [M] Scott T. Martorano, The Viking Corporation, MI [M] (Alt. to Mark Hopkins) (Alt. to Scott T. Franson) Ralph E. Bless, Jr., Telgian Corporation, GA [U] Jack A. Medovich, Fire & Life Safety America, MD [IM] (Alt. to Tracey D. Bellamy) (Alt. to Roland J. Huggins) James P. Carroll, Liberty Mutual Insurance, FL [I] John G. O'Neill, GHD/The Protection Engineering Group, PC, VA (Alt. to Luke Hilton) [SE] Bruce H. Clarke, American International Group, Inc. (AIG), NC [I] (Alt. to J. Michael Thompson) (Alt. to Adam Seghi) Lawrence Richard Phillips, U.S. Department of the Navy, VA [E] Russell P. Fleming, Northeast Fire Suppression Associates, LLC, NH (Alt. to Douglas Paul Stultz) [SE] Donato A. Pirro, Electro Sistemas De Panama, S.A., Panama [M] (Alt. to Michael J. Friedman) (Alt. to Jose R. Baz) David B. Fuller, FM Approvals, RI [I] Jason W. Ryckman, Canadian Automatic Sprinkler Association, (Alt. to John A. LeBlanc) Canada [IM] Jeffrey E. Harper, JENSEN HUGHES, IL [SE] (Alt. to Alex Hoffman) (Alt. to Garner A. Palenske) Joseph Su, National Research Council of Canada, Canada [RT] Jeff Hebenstreit, UL LLC, IL [RT] (Voting Alt.) (Alt. to Kerry M. Bell) Nonvoting James B. Biggins, TUV SUD America Inc./Global Risk Consultants Russell B. Leavitt, Telgian Corporation, AZ [U] Corporation, IL [SE] Rep. TC on Sprinkler System Discharge Criteria Rep. TC on Hanging & Bracing of Water-Based Systems Kenneth W. Wagoner, Parsley Consulting Engineers, CA [SE] Robert G. Caputo, Fire & Life Safety America, AZ [M] Rep. TC on Private Water Supply Piping Systems Rep. TC on Foam-Water Sprinklers John J. Walsh, UA Joint Apprenticeship Committee Local 669, MD Raymond A. Grill, Arup, DC [SE] [SE] Rep. TC on Sprinkler System Installation Criteria Rep. United Assn. of Journeymen & Apprentices of the Kenneth E. Isman, University of Maryland, MD [SE] Plumbing & Pipe Fitting Industry Rep. TC on Residential Sprinkler Systems (Member Emeritus) William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD [SE] Rep. Safety to Life Correlating Committee 2019 Edition  COMMITTEE PERSONNEL 13-5 David R. Hague, NFPA Staff Liaison Chad Duffy, NFPA Co-Staff Liaison This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document. NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. Committee Scope: This Committee shall have overall responsibility for documents that pertain to the criteria for the design and installation of automatic, open and foam-water sprinkler systems including the character and adequacy of water supplies, and the selection of sprinklers, piping, valves, and all materials and accessories. This Committee does not cover the installation of tanks and towers, nor the installation, maintenance, and use of central station, proprietary, auxiliary, and local signaling systems for watchmen, fire alarm, supervisory service, nor the design of fire department hose connections. 2019 Edition 13-6 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS Technical Committee on Hanging and Bracing of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems James B. Biggins, Chair TUV SUD America Inc./Global Risk Consultants Corporation, IL [SE] Joe Beagen, Flexhead Industries, MA [M] Janak B. Patel, Chicago Bridge and Iron, GA [U] Steve Berry, Raleigh Fire Department, NC [E] Michael A. Rothmier, UA Joint Apprenticeship Committee LU 669, Samuel S. Dannaway, Coffman Engineers/S. S. Dannaway CO [L] Associates, Inc., HI [SE] Rep. United Assn. of Journeymen & Apprentices of the Plumbing & Pipe Fitting Industry Christopher I. Deneff, FM Global, RI [I] Daniel Sanchez, City of Los Angeles, CA [E] Daniel C. Duggan, Vibration & Seismic Technologies, LLC, MO [M] Peter T. Schwab, Wayne Automatic Fire Sprinklers, Inc., FL [IM] Thomas J. Forsythe, JENSEN HUGHES, CA [SE] Zeljko Sucevic, Vipond Fire Protection, Canada [IM] Jeff Hebenstreit, UL LLC, IL [RT] Rep. Canadian Automatic Sprinkler Association Mark Hopkins, National Fire Sprinkler Association, MD [M] James Tauby, Mason Industries, Inc., NY [M] Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association Jack W. Thacker, Shambaugh and Sons, CA [IM] David J. Jeltes, Pentair/ERICO International Corporation, OH [M] Glenn E. Thompson, Liberty Mutual Insurance, CA [I] Kraig Kirschner, AFCON, CA [M] Michael Tosunian, Eaton Tolco, CA [M] Alan R. Laguna, Merit Sprinkler Company, Inc., LA [IM] Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association Philip D. LeGrone, Risk Management Solutions, Inc., TN [SE] Victoria B. Valentine, Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE), Leslie “Chip” L. Lindley, II, Lindley Fire Protection Company Inc., NY [SE] CA [IM] Kenneth W. Wagoner, Parsley Consulting Engineers, CA [IM] Wayne M. Martin, Wayne Martin & Associates Inc., CA [SE] Rep. American Fire Sprinkler Association Michael Wade McDaniel, F Tech, Mexico [IM] Ronald N. Webb, S.A. Comunale Company, Inc., OH [IM] Rep. Mexican Fire Sprinkler Association (AMRACI) Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association J. Scott Mitchell, CNS Y-12, TN [U] Warren Douglas Wilson, Scottsdale Fire Department, AZ [E] Marco R. Nieraeth, Global Asset Protection Services, LLC, CA [I] Alternates Scott E. Anderson, Pentair/ERICO International Corporation, OH Duane Johnson, Strickland Fire Protection, U.S. [IM] [M] (Alt. to Kenneth W. Wagoner) (Alt. to David J. Jeltes) Charles W. Ketner, National Automatic Sprinkler Fitters LU 669, Robert E. Bachman, Robert E. Bachman, Consulting Structural MD [L] Engineer, CA [M] (Alt. to Michael A. Rothmier) (Alt. to Joe Beagen) Ray Lambert, Western Fire Protection Inc., CA [IM] Scott Butler, Mason Industries, Inc., NY [M] (Voting Alt.) (Alt. to James Tauby) Emil W. Misichko, UL LLC, IL [RT] Sheldon Dacus, Security Fire Protection Company, TN [IM] (Alt. to Jeff Hebenstreit) (Alt. to Ronald N. Webb) Joseph Normandeau, XL Fire Protection, CA [IM] John Deutsch, Shambaugh and Sons, CA [IM] (Alt. to Leslie “Chip” L. Lindley, II) (Alt. to Jack W. Thacker) Ryan Peterson, Wayne Auto Fire Sprinklers, FL [IM] Todd A. Dillon, Global Asset Protection Services, LLC, OH [I] (Alt. to Peter T. Schwab) (Alt. to Marco R. Nieraeth) Jason W. Ryckman, Canadian Automatic Sprinkler Association, Daniel J. Duggan, Vibration & Seismic Technologies, CA [M] Canada [IM] (Alt. to Daniel C. Duggan) (Alt. to Zeljko Sucevic) Sorrel M. Hanson, FM Global, CA [I] Joseph R. Sanford, Liberty Mutual Property Risk Engineering, MA (Alt. to Christopher I. Deneff) [I] Jeffrey E. Harper, JENSEN HUGHES, IL [SE] (Alt. to Glenn E. Thompson) (Alt. to Thomas J. Forsythe) Scott Santos, SimplexGrinnell, CA [M] Jeffrey A. Hewitt, American Fire Protection, Inc., AL [M] (Alt. to Michael Tosunian) (Alt. to Mark Hopkins) 2019 Edition  COMMITTEE PERSONNEL 13-7 Chad Duffy, NFPA Staff Liaison David R. Hague, NFPA Co-Staff Liaison This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document. NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. Committee Scope: This Committee shall have the primary responsibility for those portions of NFPA 13 that pertain to the criteria for the use and installation of components and devices used for the support of water-based fire protection system piping including protection against seismic events. 2019 Edition 13-8 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS Technical Committee on Private Water Supply Piping Systems Kenneth W. Wagoner, Chair Parsley Consulting Engineers, CA [SE] Roland A. Asp, National Fire Sprinkler Association, Inc., MD [M] Michael Larsen, Amway Inc., MI [U] Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association James M. Maddry, James M. Maddry, P.E., GA [SE] James B. Biggins, TUV SUD America Inc./Global Risk Consultants Donald McGriff, ISCO Industries, AL [M] Corporation, IL [SE] Bob D. Morgan, Fort Worth Fire Department, TX [E] James A. Charrette, Allan Automatic Sprinkler of So. California, CA Thomas William Noble, American Fire Sprinkler Association, TX [IM] [IM] Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association Dale H. O'Dell, National Automatic Sprinkler Fitters LU 669, CA Flora F. Chen, Hayward Fire Department, California, CA [E] [L] Stephen A. Clark, Jr., Allianz Risk Consulting, LLC, VA [I] Rep. United Assn. of Journeymen & Apprentices of the Jeffry T. Dudley, National Aeronautics & Space Administration, FL Plumbing & Pipe Fitting Industry [U] Shawn C. Olson, Clackamas County Fire District #1, OR [E] Byron E. Ellis, Entergy Corporation, LA [U] Dion Powell, Liberty Mutual, IL [I] Rep. Edison Electric Institute James R. Richardson, Lisle Woodridge Fire District, IL [E] Brandon W. Frakes, Global Asset Protection Services, LLC, NC [I] Daniel Sanchez, City of Los Angeles, CA [E] Robert M. Gagnon, Gagnon Engineering, MD [SE] James R. Schifiliti, Fire Safety Consultants, Inc., IL [IM] LaMar Hayward, 3-D Fire Protection, Inc., ID [IM] Rep. Illinois Fire Prevention Association Jeff Hebenstreit, UL LLC, IL [RT] Peter T. Schwab, Wayne Automatic Fire Sprinklers, Inc., FL [IM] Kevin J. Kelly, Victaulic, PA [M] Austin L. Smith, Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC, Y-12, TN [U] Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association Michael J. Spaziani, FM Global, MA [I] Alan R. Laguna, Merit Sprinkler Company, Inc., LA [IM] Chen-Hsiang Su, JENSEN HUGHES/AON, IL [SE] John Lake, City of Gainesville, FL [E] Rep. JENSEN HUGHES/AON Alternates Jon R. Ackley, Dalmatian Fire, Inc., IN [M] Kevin D. Maughan, Globe Fire, MI [M] (Alt. to Roland A. Asp) (Alt. to Kevin J. Kelly) Marinus Both, Western States Fire Protection Company, NV [IM] Michael G. McCormick, UL LLC, IL [RT] (Alt. to James A. Charrette) (Alt. to Jeff Hebenstreit) Mark A. Bowman, Global Asset Protection Services, LLC, OH [I] Angele Morcos, FM Global, MA [I] (Alt. to Brandon W. Frakes) (Alt. to Michael J. Spaziani) Hossein Davoodi, Duke Energy, NC [U] William Overton, Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC, Y-12, TN [U] (Alt. to Byron E. Ellis) (Alt. to Austin L. Smith) William J. Gotto, TUV SUD America Inc./Global Risk Consultants John H. Pecot, Tyco SimplexGrinnell, TX [M] Corporation, NJ [SE] (Voting Alt.) (Alt. to James B. Biggins) Martin Ramos, Environmental Systems Design, Inc., IL [SE] Andrew C. Higgins, Allianz Risk Consulting, LLC, NC [I] (Voting Alt.) (Alt. to Stephen A. Clark, Jr.) Jeffrey J. Rovegno, Mr. Sprinkler Fire Protection, CA [IM] Luke Hilton, Liberty Mutual Property, NC [I] (Alt. to Thomas William Noble) (Alt. to Dion Powell) James A. Zimmerman, JENSEN HUGHES, IL [SE] Larry Keeping, PLC Fire Safety Solutions, Canada [SE] (Alt. to Chen-Hsiang Su) (Voting Alt.) Charles W. Ketner, National Automatic Sprinkler Fitters LU 669, MD [L] (Alt. to Dale H. O'Dell) Nonvoting Frans Alferink, Wavin Overseas, Netherlands [U] 2019 Edition  COMMITTEE PERSONNEL 13-9 David R. Hague, NFPA Staff Liaison Chad Duffy, NFPA Co-Staff Liaison This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document. NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. Committee Scope: This Committee shall have the primary responsibility for documents on private piping systems supplying water for fire protection and for hydrants, hose houses, and valves. The Committee is also responsible for documents on fire flow testing and marking of hydrants. 2019 Edition 13-10 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS Technical Committee on Sprinkler System Discharge Criteria Russell B. Leavitt, Chair Telgian Corporation, AZ [SE] Carl P. Anderson, The Fire Protection International Consortium, Elham Klausbruckner, Klausbruckner & Associates, Inc., CA [SE] WA [E] William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD [SE] Rep. Washington State Association of Fire Marshals Chris LaFleur, Sandia National Laboratories, NM [U] Weston C. Baker, Jr., FM Global, MA [I] Kenneth W. Linder, Swiss Re, CT [I] Charles O. Bauroth, Liberty Mutual, MA [I] Stuart Lloyd, Zurich Risk Engineering UK, Great Britain [I] Kerry M. Bell, UL LLC, IL [RT] Brian Mosberian, City of Phoenix, AZ [E] John August Denhardt, Strickland Fire Protection, Inc., MD [IM] Richard Pehrson, Pehrson Fire PC, MN [E] Rep. American Fire Sprinkler Association Rep. International Fire Marshals Association James Dockrill, J&S Fire Sprinkler Design & Consulting, Canada Kenneth R. Schneider, UA - ITF, MO [L] [IM] Rep. United Assn. of Journeymen & Apprentices of the Rep. Canadian Automatic Sprinkler Association Plumbing & Pipe Fitting Industry Abram Selim Fouad, Elite Consolidated Engineers, Egypt [SE] Peter T. Schwab, Wayne Automatic Fire Sprinklers, Inc., FL [IM] Bo Hjorth, AlbaCon AB, Sweden [SE] Michael D. Sides, Global Asset Protection Services, LLC, FL [I] Donald Hopkins, Jr., JENSEN HUGHES, MD [SE] Manuel Silva, Johnson Controls/Tyco Fire Products, LP, RI [M] Rep. JENSEN HUGHES Gary T. Smith, DACS, Inc., NJ [M] Mark Hopkins, National Fire Sprinkler Association, MD [M] Rep. Rack Manufacturers Institute Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association William B. Smith, Code Consultants, Inc., MO [SE] Roland J. Huggins, American Fire Sprinkler Association, Inc., TX [IM] Jack W. Thacker, Shambaugh and Sons, CA [IM] Rep. American Fire Sprinkler Association Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association Kenneth E. Isman, University of Maryland, MD [SE] Warren Douglas Wilson, Scottsdale Fire Department, AZ [E] Sultan M. Javeri, SC Engineering, France [IM] Steven D. Wolin, Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Company, Inc., SC [M] Larry Keeping, PLC Fire Safety Solutions, Canada [SE] Kevin J. Kelly, Victaulic, PA [M] Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association Alternates Mark J. Aaby, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD [SE] Angele Morcos, FM Global, MA [I] (Alt. to William E. Koffel) (Alt. to Weston C. Baker, Jr.) Jon R. Ackley, Dalmatian Fire, Inc., IN [M] Thomas L. Multer, Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Company, Inc., SC (Alt. to Mark Hopkins) [M] Joakim Bauer, AlbaCon AB, Sweden [SE] (Alt. to Steven D. Wolin) (Alt. to Bo Hjorth) Garner A. Palenske, Jensen Hughes/AON Fire Protection Tracey D. Bellamy, Telgian Corporation, GA [SE] Engineering, CA [SE] (Alt. to Russell B. Leavitt) (Alt. to Donald Hopkins, Jr.) Mark A. Bowman, Global Asset Protection Services, LLC, OH [I] Ryan Peterson, Wayne Auto Fire Sprinklers, FL [IM] (Alt. to Michael D. Sides) (Alt. to Peter T. Schwab) Skip Donnell, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, IN [I] Milosh T. Puchovsky, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, MA [SE] (Alt. to Charles O. Bauroth) (Alt. to Kenneth E. Isman) James M. Fantauzzi, North East Fire Protection Systems Inc., NY Jason W. Ryckman, Canadian Automatic Sprinkler Association, [IM] Canada [IM] (Alt. to Roland J. Huggins) (Alt. to James Dockrill) Thomas Larry Frank, Code Consultants, Inc., MO [SE] Tomas M. Sanchez, Sandia National Laboratories, NM [U] (Alt. to William B. Smith) (Alt. to Chris LaFleur) Richard A. Gallagher, Zurich Services Corporation, DE [I] Steven J. Scandaliato, SDG, LLC, TX [IM] (Alt. to Stuart Lloyd) (Alt. to John August Denhardt) Pravinray D. Gandhi, UL LLC, IL [RT] Gerald R. Schultz, The FPI Consortium, Inc., IL [M] (Alt. to Kerry M. Bell) (Alt. to Gary T. Smith) Brian Hoening, Globe Fire Sprinkler Corporation, MI [M] George W. Stanley, Wiginton Fire Protection Engineering, Inc., FL (Alt. to Kevin J. Kelly) [IM] (Alt. to Jack W. Thacker) Robert C. Holliday, Sprinkler Fitters LU 268 JAC, MO [L] (Alt. to Kenneth R. Schneider) Terry L. Victor, Johnson Controls/Tyco/SimplexGrinnell, MD [M] (Alt. to Manuel Silva) Daniel A. Kaiser, Minnesota Department of Public Safety, MN [E] (Alt. to Richard Pehrson) Martin H. Workman, The Viking Corporation, MI [M] (Voting Alt.) Joseph A. Lynch, Swiss Re, GA [I] (Alt. to Kenneth W. Linder) 2019 Edition  COMMITTEE PERSONNEL 13-11 Nonvoting Barry M. Lee, Worlmwold, Australia [M] Chad Duffy, NFPA Staff Liaison David R. Hague, NFPA Co-Staff Liaison This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document. NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for those portions of NFPA 13 that pertain to the classification of various fire hazards and the determination of associated discharge criteria for sprinkler systems employing automatic and open sprinklers, sprinkler system plans and calculations, and water supplies. 2019 Edition 13-12 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS Technical Committee on Sprinkler System Installation Criteria Raymond A. Grill, Chair Arup, DC [SE] Roland A. Asp, National Fire Sprinkler Association, Inc., MD [M] Kenneth W. Linder, Swiss Re, CT [I] Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association David O. Lowrey, City of Boulder Fire Rescue, CO [E] Hamid R. Bahadori, JENSEN HUGHES, FL [SE] Rodney A. McPhee, Canadian Wood Council, Canada [U] Weston C. Baker, Jr., FM Global, MA [I] Michael F. Meehan, VSC Fire & Security, VA [IM] Cecil Bilbo, Jr., Academy of Fire Sprinkler Technology, Inc., IL [SE] Rep. American Fire Sprinkler Association Pat D. Brock, Oklahoma State University, OK [SE] Joe W. Noble, Noble Consulting Services, LLC, NV [E] Robert G. Caputo, Fire & Life Safety America, AZ [IM] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Scott T. Franson, The Viking Corporation, MI [M] Thomas A. Noble, City of North Las Vegas, NV [E] Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association Steven J. Scandaliato, SDG, LLC, TX [SE] Jeff Hebenstreit, UL LLC, IL [RT] Peter T. Schwab, Wayne Automatic Fire Sprinklers, Inc., FL [IM] Luke Hilton, Liberty Mutual Property, NC [I] Adam Seghi, Coda Risk Analysis, TX [I] Elwin G. Joyce, II, Eastern Kentucky University, KY [U] Austin L. Smith, Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC, Y-12, TN [U] Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section William B. Smith, Code Consultants, Inc., MO [SE] Larry Keeping, PLC Fire Safety Solutions, Canada [SE] Paul A. Statt, Eastman Kodak Company, NY [U] John Kelly, Washington DC Fire & EMS Department, MD [E] Zeljko Sucevic, Vipond Fire Protection, Canada [IM] Charles W. Ketner, National Automatic Sprinkler Fitters LU 669, Rep. Canadian Automatic Sprinkler Association MD [L] Terry L. Victor, Johnson Controls/Tyco/SimplexGrinnell, MD [M] Rep. United Assn. of Journeymen & Apprentices of the Robert Vincent, Shambaugh & Son, L.P., IN [IM] Plumbing & Pipe Fitting Industry Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association Russell B. Leavitt, Telgian Corporation, AZ [SE] Daniel P. Wake, Victaulic Company of America, PA [M] Rep. Telgian Corporation Alternates David L. Asplund, Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Company, Inc., SC Angele Morcos, FM Global, MA [I] [M] (Alt. to Weston C. Baker, Jr.) (Alt. to Scott T. Franson) William Overton, Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC, Y-12, TN [U] Kerry M. Bell, UL LLC, IL [RT] (Alt. to Austin L. Smith) (Alt. to Jeff Hebenstreit) Ryan Peterson, Wayne Auto Fire Sprinklers, FL [IM] Ralph E. Bless, Jr., Telgian Corporation, GA [SE] (Alt. to Peter T. Schwab) (Alt. to Russell B. Leavitt) Dennis A. Richardson, American Wood Council, CA [U] David J. Burkhart, Code Consultants, Inc., MO [SE] (Alt. to Rodney A. McPhee) (Alt. to William B. Smith) Michael A. Rothmier, UA Joint Apprenticeship Committee LU 669, James A. Charrette, Allan Automatic Sprinkler of So. California, CA CO [L] [IM] (Alt. to Charles W. Ketner) (Alt. to Robert Vincent) Jason W. Ryckman, Canadian Automatic Sprinkler Association, Todd A. Dillon, Global Asset Protection Services, LLC, OH [I] Canada [IM] (Alt. to Kenneth W. Linder) (Alt. to Zeljko Sucevic) Jason Gill, Fire & Life Safety America, VA [IM] Ahmed Saleh, Victaulic Company of America, PA [M] (Voting Alt.) (Alt. to Daniel P. Wake) Jeffrey A. Hewitt, American Fire Protection, Inc., AL [M] Manuel Silva, Johnson Controls/Tyco Fire Products, LP, RI [M] (Alt. to Roland A. Asp) (Alt. to Terry L. Victor) Mark G. Karr, Academy of Fire Sprinkler Technology, Inc., IL [SE] LeJay Slocum, Jensen Hughes/AON Fire Protection Engineering, (Alt. to Cecil Bilbo, Jr.) GA [SE] Floyd Luinstra, Oklahoma State University, OK [SE] (Alt. to Hamid R. Bahadori) (Alt. to Pat D. Brock) Glenn E. Thompson, Liberty Mutual Insurance, CA [I] E. Parks Moore, S & S Sprinkler Company, LLC, AL [IM] (Alt. to Luke Hilton) (Alt. to Michael F. Meehan) Nonvoting Barry M. Lee, Worlmwold, Australia [M] 2019 Edition  COMMITTEE PERSONNEL 13-13 David R. Hague, NFPA Staff Liaison This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document. NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. Committee Scope: This Committee shall have the primary responsibility for those portions of NFPA 13 that pertain to the criteria for the use and installation of sprinkler systems components (with the exception of those components used for supporting of piping), position of sprinklers, types of systems, and acceptance testing. 2019 Edition 13-14 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS Contents Chapter 1 Administration................................................ 13– 18 8.5 Multi-Cycle Systems................................................. 13– 58 1.1 Scope........................................................................ 13– 18 8.6 Antifreeze Systems.................................................. 13– 58 1.2 Purpose.................................................................... 13– 18 8.7 Outside Sprinklers for Protection Against 1.3 Application.............................................................. 13– 18 Exposure Fires (Exposure Protection Sprinkler 1.4 Retroactivity............................................................. 13– 18 Systems)................................................................... 13– 60 1.5 Equivalency.............................................................. 13– 18 8.8 Refrigerated Spaces................................................ 13– 61 1.6 Units and Symbols................................................... 13– 19 8.9 Commercial-Type Cooking Equipment and 1.7 New Technology...................................................... 13– 19 Ventilation............................................................... 13– 62 8.10 Pilot Line Detectors................................................ 13– 65 Chapter 2 Referenced Publications................................ 13– 19 2.1 General.................................................................... 13– 19 Chapter 9 Sprinkler Location Requirements................. 13– 66 2.2 NFPA Publications.................................................. 13– 19 9.1 Basic Requirements................................................. 13– 66 2.3 Other Publications.................................................. 13– 20 9.2 Allowable Sprinkler Omission Locations.............. 13– 66 2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.... 13– 22 9.3 Special Situations.................................................... 13– 68 9.4 Use of Sprinklers..................................................... 13– 72 Chapter 3 Definitions...................................................... 13– 23 9.5 Position, Location, Spacing, and Use of 3.1 General.................................................................... 13– 23 Sprinklers................................................................. 13– 73 3.2 NFPA Official Definitions....................................... 13– 23 3.3 General Definitions................................................. 13– 23 Chapter 10 Installation Requirements for Standard Pendent, Upright, and Sidewall Spray Chapter 4 General Requirements................................... 13– 33 Sprinklers........................................................ 13– 78 4.1 Level of Protection.................................................. 13– 33 10.1 General.................................................................... 13– 78 4.2 Owner’s Certificate................................................. 13– 33 10.2 Standard Pendent and Upright Spray Sprinklers. 13– 78 4.3 Classification of Hazard.......................................... 13– 33 10.3 Sidewall Standard Spray Sprinklers....................... 13– 85 4.4 Hose Connections................................................... 13– 36 4.5 System Protection Area Limitations....................... 13– 36 Chapter 11 Installation Requirements for Extended 4.6 Water Supply Information...................................... 13– 36 Coverage Upright, Pendent, Sidewall Spray 4.7 Additives.................................................................. 13– 36 Sprinkler......................................................... 13– 90 4.8 Air, Nitrogen, or Other Approved Gas.................. 13– 36 11.1 General.................................................................... 13– 90 4.9 Support of Nonsprinkler System Components..... 13– 36 11.2 Extended Coverage Upright and Pendent Spray 4.10 Noncombustible Materials and Limited- Sprinklers................................................................. 13– 90 Combustible Materials............................................ 13– 36 11.3 Extended Coverage Sidewall Spray Sprinklers...... 13– 94 Chapter 5 Water Supplies................................................ 13– 38 Chapter 12 Installation Requirements for Residential 5.1 General.................................................................... 13– 38 Sprinklers........................................................ 13– 99 5.2 Types........................................................................ 13– 38 12.1 General.................................................................... 13– 99 Chapter 6 Installation Underground Piping.................. 13– 40 Chapter 13 Installation Requirements for CMSA 6.1 Piping....................................................................... 13– 40 Sprinklers........................................................ 13– 108 6.2 Fittings..................................................................... 13– 41 13.1 General.................................................................... 13– 108 6.3 Connection of Pipe, Fittings, and 13.2 CMSA Sprinklers..................................................... 13– 108 Appurtenances........................................................ 13– 41 6.4 Protection of Private Fire Service Mains................ 13– 41 Chapter 14 Installation Requirements for Early 6.5 Grounding and Bonding........................................ 13– 43 Suppression Fast-Response Sprinklers......... 13– 112 6.6 Restraint................................................................... 13– 43 14.1 General.................................................................... 13– 112 6.7 Steep Grades............................................................ 13– 44 14.2 Early Suppression Fast-Response Sprinklers......... 13– 112 6.8 Installation Requirements...................................... 13– 44 Chapter 15 Installation Requirements for Special 6.9 Backfilling................................................................ 13– 45 Sprinklers........................................................ 13– 115 6.10 Testing and Acceptance.......................................... 13– 45 15.1 Open Sprinklers...................................................... 13– 115 Chapter 7 Requirements for System Components and 15.2 Special Sprinklers.................................................... 13– 115 Hardware........................................................ 13– 49 15.3 Dry Sprinklers......................................................... 13– 115 7.1 General.................................................................... 13– 49 15.4 Old-Style Sprinklers................................................ 13– 115 7.2 Sprinklers................................................................. 13– 49 Chapter 16 Installation of Piping, Valves, and 7.3 Aboveground Pipe and Tube................................. 13– 50 Appurtenances................................................ 13– 116 7.4 Fittings..................................................................... 13– 50 16.1 Basic Requirements................................................. 13– 116 7.5 Joining of Pipe and Fittings.................................... 13– 51 16.2 Sprinkler Installation.............................................. 13– 116 7.6 Valves....................................................................... 13– 53 16.3 Piping Installation................................................... 13– 116 7.7 Waterflow Alarm Devices........................................ 13– 53 16.4 Protection of Piping................................................ 13– 118 7.8 Additives and Coatings........................................... 13– 53 16.5 Protection of Risers Subject to Mechanical Chapter 8 System Types and Requirements................... 13– 54 Damage.................................................................... 13– 118 8.1 Wet Pipe Systems..................................................... 13– 54 16.6 Provision for Flushing Systems............................... 13– 118 8.2 Dry Pipe Systems..................................................... 13– 54 16.7 Air Venting.............................................................. 13– 118 8.3 Preaction Systems and Deluge Systems................. 13– 56 16.8 Fitting Installation................................................... 13– 118 8.4 Combined Dry Pipe and Preaction Systems for 16.9 Valves....................................................................... 13– 119 Piers, Terminals, and Wharves............................... 13– 58 16.10 Drainage.................................................................. 13– 121 2019 Edition  CONTENTS 13-15 16.11 System Attachments................................................ 13– 122 21.4 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection 16.12 Fire Department Connections............................... 13– 123 Criteria for Rack Storage of Class I Through 16.13 Gauges..................................................................... 13– 125 Class IV Commodities............................................. 13– 182 16.14 System Connections................................................ 13– 125 21.5 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection 16.15 Hose Connections................................................... 13– 126 Criteria for Single-, Double-, and Multiple-Row 16.16 Electrical Bonding and Grounding....................... 13– 126 Racks for Group A Plastic Commodities Stored 16.17 Signs......................................................................... 13– 126 Up to and Including 25 ft (7.6 m) in Height........ 13– 185 21.6 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection Chapter 17 Installation Requirements for Hanging and Criteria for Rack Storage Rubber Tires................. 13– 187 Support of System Piping.............................. 13– 127 21.7 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection 17.1 General.................................................................... 13– 127 Criteria for Roll Paper Storage............................... 13– 187 17.2 Hanger Components.............................................. 13– 127 21.8 Special Design for Rack Storage of Class I 17.3 Trapeze Hangers..................................................... 13– 131 Through Class IV Commodities and Group A 17.4 Installation of Pipe Hangers................................... 13– 131 Plastics Stored Up to and Including 25 ft (7.6 m) 17.5 Pipe Stands.............................................................. 13– 135 in Height.................................................................. 13– 188 21.9 Sprinkler Design Criteria for Storage and Display Chapter 18 Installation Requirements for Seismic of Class I Through Class IV Commodities, Protection....................................................... 13– 137 Cartoned Nonexpanded Group A Plastics and 18.1 Protection of Piping Against Damage Where Nonexpanded Exposed Group A Plastics in Retail Subject to Earthquakes........................................... 13– 137 Stores....................................................................... 13– 188 18.2 Flexible Couplings.................................................. 13– 137 21.10 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection 18.3 Seismic Separation Assembly.................................. 13– 137 Criteria for Baled Cotton Storage.......................... 13– 191 18.4 Clearance................................................................. 13– 137 21.11 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection 18.5 Sway Bracing............................................................ 13– 138 Criteria for Carton Records Storage with Catwalk 18.6 Restraint of Branch Lines....................................... 13– 158 Access....................................................................... 13– 191 18.7 Hangers and Fasteners Subject to Earthquakes.... 13– 158 21.12 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection 18.8 Pipe Stands Subject to Earthquakes....................... 13– 159 Criteria for Compact Storage of Commodities Chapter 19 Design Approaches......................................... 13– 160 Consisting of Paper Files, Magazines, Books, and 19.1 General.................................................................... 13– 160 Similar Documents in Folders and Miscellaneous 19.2 General Design Approaches................................... 13– 160 Supplies with No More Than 5 Percent Plastics 19.3 Occupancy Hazard Fire Control Approach for Up to 8 ft (2.4 m) High.......................................... 13– 196 Spray Sprinklers...................................................... 13– 161 Chapter 22 CMSA Requirements for Storage 19.4 Special Design Approaches.................................... 13– 164 Applications.................................................... 13– 197 19.5 Deluge Systems........................................................ 13– 165 22.1 General.................................................................... 13– 197 Chapter 20 General Requirements for Storage............... 13– 166 22.2 Palletized and Solid-Piled Storage of Class I 20.1 General.................................................................... 13– 166 Through Class IV Commodities............................. 13– 197 20.2 Protection of Storage.............................................. 13– 166 22.3 Palletized and Solid-Piled Storage of 20.3 Classification of Commodities................................ 13– 166 Nonexpanded and Expanded Group A Plastic 20.4 Commodity Classes................................................. 13– 166 Commodities........................................................... 13– 197 20.5 Storage Arrangement............................................. 13– 169 22.4 Single-, Double-, and Multiple-Row Rack Storage 20.6 Building Construction and Storage: Heights and for Class I Through Class IV Commodities........... 13– 197 Clearance................................................................. 13– 170 22.5 Single-, Double-, and Multiple-Row Racks of 20.7 Unsprinklered Combustible Concealed Spaces.... 13– 172 Group A Plastic Commodities................................ 13– 197 20.8 Room Design Method............................................. 13– 173 22.6 Rubber Tires............................................................ 13– 197 20.9 High-Expansion Foam Systems.............................. 13– 173 22.7 Roll Paper Storage.................................................. 13– 197 20.10 Adjacent Hazards or Design Methods................... 13– 173 Chapter 23 ESFR Requirements for Storage 20.11 Hose Connections................................................... 13– 174 Applications.................................................... 13– 206 20.12 Hose Stream Allowance and Water Supply 23.1 General.................................................................... 13– 206 Duration.................................................................. 13– 174 23.2 ESFR Design Criteria.............................................. 13– 206 20.13 Discharge Considerations: General....................... 13– 174 23.3 Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) 20.14 Protection of Idle Pallets........................................ 13– 176 Sprinklers for Palletized or Solid-Piled Storage of 20.15 Column Protection: Rack Storage and Rubber Class I Through Class IV Commodities................. 13– 206 Tire Storage............................................................. 13– 178 23.4 Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) Chapter 21 Protection of High Piled Storage Using Sprinklers for Palletized or Solid-Piled Storage of Control Mode Density Area (CMDA) Group A Plastic Commodities................................ 13– 206 Sprinklers........................................................ 13– 179 23.5 Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) 21.1 General.................................................................... 13– 179 Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Class I Through 21.2 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection Class IV Commodities............................................. 13– 206 Criteria for Palletized, Solid-Piled, Bin Box, Shelf, 23.6 Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) or Back-to-Back Shelf Storage of Class I Through Sprinklers for Rack Storage of Group A Plastic Class IV Commodities............................................. 13– 179 Commodities........................................................... 13– 206 21.3 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection 23.7 Protection of Exposed Expanded Group A Criteria for Palletized, Solid-Piled, Bin Box, Shelf, Plastics...................................................................... 13– 206 or Back-to-Back Shelf Storage of Plastic and 23.8 ESFR Protection of Rack Storage of Rubber Rubber Commodities.............................................. 13– 180 Tires......................................................................... 13– 207 2019 Edition 13-16 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS 23.9 Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) 26.14 Protection of Information Technology Sprinklers for Protection of Roll Paper Storage... 13– 207 Equipment............................................................... 13– 278 23.10 Plastic Motor Vehicle Components........................ 13– 207 26.15 Standard on Incinerators, and Waste and Linen 23.11 Sprinkler Design Criteria for Storage and Display Handling Systems and Equipment......................... 13– 278 of Class I Through Class IV Commodities, 26.16 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces.......................... 13– 279 Cartoned Nonexpanded Group A Plastics and 26.17 Health Care Facilities Code, Class A Hyperbaric Nonexpanded Exposed Group A Plastics in Retail Chambers................................................................. 13– 279 Stores....................................................................... 13– 211 26.18 Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail 23.12 Protection of High Bay Records Storage............... 13– 211 Systems..................................................................... 13– 280 23.13 Slatted Shelves......................................................... 13– 216 26.19 Motion Picture and Television Production Studio Soundstages, Approved Production Facilities, and Chapter 24 Alternative Sprinkler System Designs for Production Locations............................................. 13– 280 Chapters 20 Through 25................................ 13– 217 26.20 Animal Housing Facilities....................................... 13– 280 24.1 General.................................................................... 13– 217 26.21 Water Cooling Towers............................................. 13– 280 24.2 Sprinkler Design Criteria for Palletized and Solid- 26.22 Standard for the Construction and Fire Piled, Storage of Class I Through Class IV and Protection of Marine Terminals, Piers, and Plastic Commodities............................................... 13– 217 Wharves................................................................... 13– 282 24.3 Sprinkler Protection Criteria for Open-Frame 26.23 Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities.................... 13– 283 Rack Storage of Class I Through Class IV and 26.24 Aircraft Hangars...................................................... 13– 283 Plastic Commodities............................................... 13– 217 26.25 Airport Terminal Buildings, Fueling Ramp 24.4 Hose Stream Allowance and Water Supply Drainage, and Loading Walkways.......................... 13– 283 Duration.................................................................. 13– 220 26.26 Aircraft Engine Test Facilities................................. 13– 284 24.5 Minimum Obstruction Criteria.............................. 13– 220 26.27 Advanced Light Water Reactor Electric Generating Plants.................................................... 13– 284 Chapter 25 Protection of Rack Storage Using In-Rack 26.28 Light Water Nuclear Power Plants......................... 13– 285 Sprinklers........................................................ 13– 221 26.29 Code for the Protection of Cultural Resource 25.1 General Requirements of In-Rack Sprinklers....... 13– 221 Properties — Museums, Libraries, and Places of 25.2 Ceiling-Level Sprinkler Design Criteria in Worship. [NFPA 909].............................................. 13– 285 Combination with In-Rack Sprinklers................... 13– 221 26.30 National Electrical Code........................................ 13– 286 25.3 In-Rack Sprinkler Characteristics........................... 13– 235 26.31 Fire Protection of Telecommunication Facilities.. 13– 286 25.4 Vertical Spacing and Location of In-Rack 26.32 Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Sprinklers................................................................. 13– 235 Gases, Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate 25.5 Horizontal Location and Spacing of In-Rack Solids........................................................................ 13– 286 Sprinklers................................................................. 13– 236 26.33 Hypobaric Facilities................................................. 13– 286 25.6 Protection of Racks with Solid Shelves.................. 13– 237 26.34 Coal Mines............................................................... 13– 287 25.7 Horizontal Barriers in Combination with In-Rack 26.35 Metal/Nonmetal Mining and Metal Mineral Sprinklers................................................................. 13– 237 Processing Facilities................................................ 13– 287 25.8 Alternative In-Rack Sprinkler Protection Options 26.36 Hazardous Materials Code..................................... 13– 288 That Are Independent of the Ceiling Sprinkler Design...................................................................... 13– 238 Chapter 27 Plans and Calculations................................... 13– 291 25.9 In-Rack Sprinkler Arrangements in Combination 27.1 Working Plans......................................................... 13– 291 with CMDA Sprinklers at Ceiling Level................. 13– 242 27.2 Hydraulic Calculation Procedures......................... 13– 292 25.10 In-Rack Sprinkler Arrangements in Combination 27.3 Hose Allowance....................................................... 13– 296 with CMSA Sprinklers at Ceiling Level.................. 13– 268 27.4 Hydraulic Calculation Forms................................. 13– 296 25.11 In-Rack Sprinkler Arrangements in Combination 27.5 Pipe Schedules........................................................ 13– 302 with ESFR Sprinklers at Ceiling Level................... 13– 268 25.12 Design Criteria for In-Rack Sprinklers in Chapter 28 Systems Acce