New Science Ahead Class 5 PDF

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o o z a O Bl v e ck rie ac er s f Sw nt k s f or an Bl ac & or th k Sw W e an hi ch S NEW te o O o rie nt l B wa lacB o n kS o wa O n rie 37 nt Bl.5 ac 0 5 k m SCIENCEAHEAD Sw an m x  o k w Ne o ScienceAhead Teachers’ Resource Pack B For each lesson: k s f or an has been developed in accordance with the CBSE’s educational initiatives Students’ Book lesson plan l 1 question bank with answers o carefully graded text e for effective teaching and learning worksheet with answers ac er s f Sw x the guidelines laid down in the experiments and activities answers for exercises in the o or th students’ book appealing images m National Curriculum Framework hi ch attractive layout activities for assessment tried and tested methodology B l v z e ck m in the teaching of science Tests* and Examination papers with answers the needs of the teacher and the student * for classes 3–8 S 0 Co si la.5 37 te In the Students’ Book Concept Development W Learning Objectives & an encourage students to evaluate their progress and take Sw responsibility for their learning k ac Lesson Text 3 Mind Opener Bl carefully graded draws students enables understanding into the lesson nt visually appealing prepares them for rie new learning In-lesson Activities help students O You Now Know develop a scientific summarises the lesson an temperament enables easy revision Sw Reference an k ? ac Sw Bl Did You Know? Internet Links Our k nuggets of interesting nt enable students to use IT to ac Heritage information NEW! explore topics in greater depth rie Bl NEW! O Be Inspired! an exploration of nt Scientists and Values India’s rich heritage in science Glossary rie information on people who have expanded the world of science or definitions of to O made the world a better place technical terms n wa kS New Science Ahead 5 title page.indd 2 13/08/2018 12:11:08  o k o NEW! Students’ App B Smart Book for Teachers k s f or an questions that help students informative, interactive and exciting, with: review lessons l 1 animations picture galleries audio for classes 3–8 o e ac er s f Sw interactive tasks presentations x o or th teachers’ resources m including Web Support hi ch B l v z e ck  extra questions  worksheets a portal dedicated to the series m  concept maps  question-paper generator with free access for teachers S 0 Co si la.5 37 te In the Students’ Book Skill Development W Exercises Activities for multiple choice questions (MCQs) Assessment Looking Back & an true or false fill in the blanks within-lesson questions science experiments diagram-based questions Sw immediate feedback for written assignments the teacher long-answer questions …and more simple projects k presentations (IT) ac 3 model making Bl Higher-order field trips Thinking Skills …and more nt questions to Life Skills rie improve students’ analytical and decision making problem solving critical thinking self management O problem-solving Fun Activities skills effective communication an activities that make …and more learning science joyful Sw an k ac Sw Testing Bl k NEW! nt ac Tests rie Bl short tests to assess students’ O understanding of concepts nt for classes 3–8 rie Examination Papers to O for examination practice n wa kS New Science Ahead 5 title page.indd 3 13/08/2018 12:11:09  o k o Contents B k s f or an l 1 1. Food and Health 1 4. Living Things 25 o e ac er s f Sw Nutrients in food Characteristics of living things x o or th Energy-giving foods Living things move on their own m Body-building foods Living things need air, water and food hi ch B l v z e ck Protective foods Living things are made up of cells m Water and roughage Living things grow and change S A balanced diet Living things respond to changes 0 Co si la Preserving the nutrients in food Living things reproduce.5 Diseases Grouping things 37 Infectious diseases te Spread of infectious diseases 5. Plant Life 31 Prevention of infectious diseases How do plants reproduce? Immunisation Reproduction from the stem Non-infectious diseases Reproduction from leaves, roots and seeds W Exercise, rest and good posture What do seeds need for germination? Posture Dispersal of seeds Be Inspired! Wind, water and animal dispersal & an Explosion of fruit 2. Rocks and Minerals 11 Crops Sw Igneous rocks Summer crops and winter crops k Types of igneous rocks To grow good crops ac Sedimentary rocks Be Inspired! / Our Heritage 3 Types of sedimentary rocks Bl Metamorphic rocks 6. Animal Life 41 Different body coverings nt Types of metamorphic rocks Wealth from rocks Different eating habits rie Building materials Animals that eat plants O Metals and gemstones Animals that eat other animals Animals that eat both plants and animals an Fuels Different methods of breathing Sw 3. Soil Erosion and Conservation 19 Some animals breathe through lungs Importance of soil Some animals breathe through moist skin an k ac How is soil formed? Some animals breathe through body holes Sw Soil erosion Some animals breathe through gills Bl Erosion by water Different methods of moving k nt Erosion by wind Animals that move on land ac Erosion due to activities of humans Animals that fly rie Bl Soil conservation Animals that swim O Afforestation Some animals travel long distances nt Soil cover and shelter belts Be Inspired! rie Terrace farming Building embankments to O n wa kS New Science Ahead 5 contents.indd 4 6/6/2017 3:55:58 PM  o k B o k s f or an l 1 7. Bones and Muscles 51 10. Force, Work and Energy 79 o e ac er s f Sw The skeletal system Force x o or th Parts of the skeleton Muscular force m The skull Gravitational force hi ch B l v z e ck The backbone Frictional force m The ribs Elastic force S The limbs (arms and legs) Mechanical force 0 Co si la Joints Force and work.5 Hinge joint Simple machines 37 Ball-and-socket joint The lever te Pivot joint Inclined plane Gliding joint Wedge The muscular system and the kinds of Screw muscles Pulley W Wheel and axle 8. The Nervous System 60 Energy The brain Light and heat energy & an The cerebrum Sound energy The cerebellum Sw Electrical energy The brain stem Mechanical energy k The spinal cord Wind energy ac The nerves 3 Water energy (hydropower) Sensory and motor nerves Bl Solar energy Mixed nerves Geothermal energy nt Reflex actions Be Inspired! / Our heritage The sense organs rie The eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin 11. Weight, Volume and Density 92 O Weight, volume and density 9. Safety and First Aid 68 an Floating and sinking Accidents Archimedes’ principle Sw First aid Weight in water For cuts and scratches an k 12. The Moon 100 ac For broken bones Sw For sprains Conditions on the Moon Bl For animal bites How the Moon moves k nt For nosebleeds Phases of the Moon ac For burns Landing on the Moon rie Bl Fire and preventing a fire Eclipses O Fire-fighting Solar and lunar eclipses nt Artificial satellites rie Be Inspired! / Our Heritage to O n wa kS New Science Ahead 5 contents.indd 5 6/6/2017 3:55:58 PM  o k o Contents B k s f or an l 1 13. Air and Water 109 Plants depend on animals for o e ac er s f Sw The atmosphere reproduction x o or th Layers of the atmosphere Living things make the soil fertile m The troposphere, stratosphere, Food relationships hi ch B l v z e ck mesosphere, thermosphere, and Be Inspired! m exosphere 15. The Environment 129 S The importance of the atmosphere 0 Co si la What does air contain? Ecology.5 Properties of air Environmental problems Pollution 37 Air occupies space te Air has weight Air pollution Air exerts pressure Water pollution Air is needed for burning Soil and land pollution Atmospheric pollution Noise pollution W Water Natural resources Water dissolves many things What can be done? Impurities in water & an 16. Natural Calamities 136 Removing insoluble impurities Earthquakes Sw Removing soluble impurities What should you do if there is an Drinking water earthquake? k ac 14. Interdependence in Nature 122 Cyclones and floods 3 Living things depend on non-living things Drought and famine Bl Air, water, soil, sunlight Periodic Tests 143 nt Plants and animals depend on each other Animals depend on plants for food Examination Papers 145 rie Animals depend on plants for shelter Glossary 149 O Animals depend on plants for oxygen an Plants use carbon dioxide produced by animals Sw an k ac Sw List of enrichment activities included in New ScienceAhead 5 Bl Written assignments: pages 50, 142 Simple projects and presentations: pages 18, 24, 30, 40, 43, 49, k nt Research work on the computer (IT): Internet links at the end 50, 58, 59, 67, 78, 91, 99, 108, 128, 135 ac of every chapter Model making/Designing: pages 10, 67, 142 rie Group work: pages 30, 142 Field tour: pages 10, 24, 90, 99, 128 Bl Simple science experiments: pages 31, 33, 34, 40, 43, 47, 53, 55, Class response: Mind openers at the beginning of each O 67, 107, 114, 115, 121 lesson; ‘Looking Back’ questions; higher-order thinking skills nt Collecting natural specimens: pages 30, 40, 50 questions Show and tell/Interviews: pages 40, 50, 58, 108, 128, 142 Crafts: pages 18, 90, 91, 107, 128 rie Games, puzzles and quizzes: pages 9, 23, 39, 59, 66, 106, 141 to O n wa kS  o k B o k s f or an Bones and Muscles l 1 o e ac er s f Sw 7 x o or th m hi ch B l v z e ck m Learning Objectives By the end of the lesson, you will be S Mind Opener 0 Co si la able to:.5 Raise your right hand. Feel it with your left hand. describe the functions of the skeletal Can you feel the bones inside? Imagine that the system 37 bones were not there. What would happen to your explain how joints allow us to move te raised hand? What shape do you think your body our body parts would have, if there were no bones inside? describe how muscles help the bones move identify the different types of W muscles and explain their functions & an Our body consists of several organs. help to digest food together form the Sw Each organ has a job to do. For digestive system. example, the lungs absorb oxygen and k The main systems in your body and ac give out carbon dioxide. The heart 3 their functions are given in the table on pumps blood to different parts of the Bl the next page. body. The stomach helps to digest food. nt The organs in the body do not work THE SKELETAL SYSTEM rie alone. They work together with other O organs. Several organs working All the bones in our body form an together perform one major function a framework called the skeleton. Sw for the body. For example, the stomach Without the hard skeleton, our body would collapse. The skeleton gives the an alone cannot digest food. Other organs k body its shape and strength. It also ac such as the teeth, salivary glands, food Sw protects the brain, heart, lungs and Bl pipe, small intestine, large intestine, other soft organs inside the body. k liver, pancreas, and some others work nt ac together with the stomach to digest the Bones are hard and are of different rie Bl food you eat and throw out the waste. shapes and sizes. For example, the leg O These organs working together form and arm bones are long. The chest nt an organ system. The organs which bones are thin and rounded. The bones rie to O 51 n wa kS New Science Ahead 5 ch5-8.indd 51 6/6/2017 3:51:14 PM  o k B o The organ systems in humans k s f or an Organ system Main organs Functions l 1 o e Nervous system Brain, spinal cord, nerves Helps the body gather information about the ac er s f Sw x surroundings and controls the rest of the body o or th m Skeletal system Bones Gives shape to the body; protects internal hi ch organs B l v z e ck m Muscular Muscles Helps the body move S system 0 Co si la Circulatory Heart, blood, blood vessels Helps the body carry food and oxygen to all.5 system parts of the body; collects waste materials 37 te Digestive Teeth, stomach, small and Helps the body digest food system large intestines Respiratory Nose, lungs Helps the body absorb oxygen and give out system carbon dioxide W Excretory Kidneys, skin Helps the body remove waste from the body system Reproductive Different in males and Helps the body reproduce & an system females k Sw ac skull in the head are flat and rounded. The 3 bones in your little finger are short. Bl collarbone The skeleton of an adult is made up nt breastbone shoulder bone of 206 bones. At birth, you have more rie ribs humerus bones but these join together as you O grow into an adult. As you grow bigger, an hip bone new cells are added to your bones, and Sw they also become longer and larger. an Bones are hard and tough on the k fingers ac outside, but they are soft and spongy Sw thigh bone Bl inside. The inside of a bone contains k shin bone a jelly-like substance called the bone nt ac marrow, where the blood cells are rie calf bone Bl produced in our body. Bones are living O toes and can mend themselves if broken. nt rie The human skeleton to O 52 n wa kS New Science Ahead 5 ch5-8.indd 52 6/6/2017 3:51:25 PM  o k B o bone marrow inside k s f or an l 1 o e ac er s f Sw x o or th m Inside a bone A bone repairing itself in a few weeks hi ch B l v z e ck m S 0 Co si la Feel the bones in your arms and hands, legs and feet, head, chest,.5 back and jaw. How many bones can you count? Some are small. Activity Others are long. Some are curved. Guess the shape of each bone 37 te you can feel. W PARTS OF THE SKELETON The Backbone The Skull The backbone has 33 vertebra & an The bones of your head make up the small bones called Sw skull. It protects the brain and contains vertebrae, which are holes for the eyes, nose, ears, mouth and joined together to form k ac backbone. The skull is made up of 22 the backbone. The 3 backbone is also called Bl different bones that are joined together. The upper part of the skull is made of 8 the spine or the vertebral nt bones and the face is made of 14 bones. column. Each vertebra rie The lower jawbone is the only moving has a hole in it through Backbone which the delicate spinal O bone in the skull. an cord passes. The vertebral column thus protects the spinal cord. Sw an k The Ribs ac Sw Bl hole for the eye The ribs are thin, flat, curved bones k that form a cage around the heart and nt ac hole for the nose lungs to protect them. There are 12 rie teeth Bl lower jawbone pairs of ribs. They are attached to the O backbone at the back. The first 10 pairs nt of ribs are attached to the breastbone rie Skull to O 53 n wa kS New Science Ahead 5 ch5-8.indd 53 6/6/2017 3:51:40 PM  o k o The Limbs (Arms and Legs) B k s f or an The bones of the lower limbs (legs) are l 1 attached to the hipbone. The upper o e ribs ac er s f Sw x half of the leg has a long bone called o or th sternum the femur or the thigh bone. It is the m hi ch longest bone in the body. The lower B l v z e ck m half of the leg has the shin bone and S the calf bone. The foot has a number 0 Co si la of small bones. The upper limbs (arms).5 floating ribs are attached to the shoulder blades. 37 te Ribcage The upper arm has one long bone called the humerus. or the sternum in front. The other two The lower arm has two long bones. pairs are not attached to the sternum The wrist and hands have several W and are thus called floating ribs. small bones. & an Looking Answer the following questions. Back Sw 1. What are the functions of the skeletal and muscular systems? 2. How many bones are found in the head? k 3. What is the main function of the vertebral column? ac 3 Bl JOINTS present in the body are as follows. nt rie The most fascinating thing about the skeleton is that, even though it Hinge Joint O is strong and rigid, it can bend and A hinge joint is strong but allows only move. This is possible because of the back-and-forth movement. The knees an Sw way the bones are joined. Joints are and elbows have hinge joints. an k the places where two bones are joined ac Sw together. The bones at the joints are Bl held together by strong, stretchy bands k nt called ligaments. Different joints allow ac rie different types of movement. Only the Bl joints in the skull do not move. O nt The main kinds of movable joints rie Hinge joint (knee and elbow) to O 54 n wa kS New Science Ahead 5 ch5-8.indd 54 6/6/2017 3:51:45 PM  o k B o k s f or an Try to move your arms in all possible ways at the elbow, and then l 1 at the shoulder joint. What difference do you find in the types of Activity o e ac er s f Sw movements possible? x o or th m hi ch Ball-and-socket Joint Gliding Joint B l v z e ck m In this joint, the end of one of the In this joint, the bones can slide over S 0 Co si la bones is round like a ball. It fits into each other. It is present in the wrists.5 a hollow part (socket) in the other and ankles. It allows side-to-side, 37 bone. This joint allows movement in all as well as backward and forward te directions. It is present in the hip and movement. the shoulder joints. W & an Sw Gliding joint (ankle) THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM k ac 3 Ball-and-socket joint (shoulder) The bones cannot move by themselves. Bl Pivot Joint The muscles attached to the bones pull nt the bones to make them move. There rie The joint between the first and the are more than 640 muscles in your second vertebrae of the backbone is a body. Together they make up about O pivot joint. It allows the head to turn 40% of your body weight. an from left and right, and also move up Sw and down. Muscles are made of tough elastic tissues. They are attached to the an k ac bones by tough bands of tissues called Sw tendons. Muscles can only pull at the Bl bones. They cannot push. So, at least k nt ac two muscles are needed to move a rie Bl bone. For example, two muscles called O biceps and triceps move our lower nt arm up and down. When we want rie Pivot joint to O 55 n wa kS New Science Ahead 5 ch5-8.indd 55 6/6/2017 3:51:50 PM  o k o Kinds of Muscles B biceps k s f or an contracts You can raise or lower your arm, kick l 1 biceps o with your leg, or write with your hands e ac er s f Sw x whenever you want to. The muscles o or th which control these movements are in m hi ch triceps your control. They are called voluntary B l v z e ck m triceps contracts muscles. But, you cannot control S the movement of your stomach. It is 0 Co si la controlled by muscles that work on.5 their own. They are called involuntary 37 te Muscle action in the human arm muscles. They are found in the stomach, intestines and walls of the to raise our arm the biceps in front blood vessels. Your heart is made up of becomes shorter (contracts) and pulls a special kind of tough muscle called W up the arm. To lower the arm, the cardiac muscle. It is an involuntary triceps at the back contracts and pulls muscle that works throughout your & an the arm down. lifetime without getting tired. k Sw ac Looking 3 Back Answer the following questions. Bl 1. What holds the bones together at a joint? 2. Where do you find a pivot joint in the human body? nt 3. Can you make your heart stop? rie O You an Sw Now An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform an a major function for the body. There are several such systems in your k Know... ac body. Sw Bl The bones in our body form a framework called the skeleton. k Two bones meet at a joint and are held together by ligaments. nt ac Muscles are attached to the bones and help in the movement rie Bl of the bones. O Voluntary muscles are in our control, involuntary muscles are not. nt rie to O 56 n wa kS New Science Ahead 5 ch5-8.indd 56 6/6/2017 3:52:03 PM  o k B o k s f or an Exercises l 1 o e ac er s f Sw x o A. Multiple choice questions or th m 1. What is the jelly-like substance inside your bone? hi ch B l v z e ck a) blood b) bone marrow c) bone tissue d) blood cells m 2. The vertebral column protects the. S 0 a) heart b) brain c) lungs d) spinal cord Co si la.5 3. Which is the longest bone in the body? a) humerus b) femur c) calf bone d) collarbone 37 te 4. A ligament is. a) a strong stretchy band which holds the bones together b) a strong band of tissue which connects the muscle to the bone c) the place where two bones are joined together W d) a joint which does not allow any movement 5. Which of these is a ball-and-socket joint? & an a) ankle b) knee c) hip d) wrist k B. Mark  for true and  for false statements. Sw 1. All organs work alone to perform different functions for the body. ac 2. The backbone consists of one long bone. 3 Bl 3. All joints in the body allow movement. 4. The ball-and-socket joint allows movement in one direction only. nt 5. Muscles pull or push bones to make them move. rie C. Study the given diagram of the arm and answer the following questions. O 1. Which muscle contracts when you raise your arm? an A 2. Which muscle contracts when the arm is straightened? Sw B 3. What attaches the arm muscles to the bone? an k 4. Name the joint between the shoulder blade and bone of the upper arm. ac Sw Bl D. Define the following. k 1. Bone marrow    2. Spine   3. Femur   4. Ligament   5. Tendon nt ac rie E. Answer the following questions. Bl O 1. What are the functions of the skeleton? nt 2. What are the functions of the ribs and the spine? rie 3. What is a joint? How are the bones held together at a joint? to O 57 n wa kS New Science Ahead 5 ch5-8.indd 57 6/6/2017 3:52:06 PM  o k B o 4. Name the different types of joints. Give one example of each. k s f or an 5. Describe the structure of a ball-and-socket joint. What movements does such a joint allow? l 6. Why are at least two muscles needed to move a bone in the body? 1 o e 7. What are the differences between a voluntary and an involuntary muscle? Give an example ac er s f Sw x of each. o or th m hi ch B l v z e ck m Higher-order Thinking Skills S 0 Co si la.5 1. Suppose your vertebral column was a single bone. How would this have affected you? 2. If someone hits you in your stomach it hurts really badly. But a similar blow to your chest, above 37 te your heart, does not hurt so much. Why? 3. If there were no tendons attached to the bones, would you be able to move? Why? 4. What do you think would happen if the heart were made of voluntary muscles? W Life Skills & an Sw There are people who cannot speak and thus use hand movements and gestures to communicate. This is called sign k language. Learn the signs ac for some common phrases 3 like ‘hello’, ‘good morning’, Bl ‘how are you’ and so on. Note that letters with nt asterisks are shown from rie the side (*L left or *R right), rather than as the viewer O would see them. an Sw an k Enrichment Activities ac Sw Bl 1. Thumb tricks! k Write your name by holding the pencil with your fingers, without using your thumb. nt ac Were you able to write? Was it difficult? rie Bl Touch your thumb to each of your fingers. Now touch your little finger to all the other O fingers. Which was easier? nt Look at your thumb and write about how it is different from your other fingers. (For rie example, the differences in movement, in shape and function). to O 58 n wa kS New Science Ahead 5 ch5-8.indd 58 6/6/2017 3:52:14 PM  o k o 2. Tie a bone in a knot! B k s f or anMaterials required: vinegar, glass bowl, chicken bones, tweezers, water Method l 1 o e 1. Clean the bones well and place them in a bowl of vinegar. ac er s f Sw x o or th 2. Leave the bowl undisturbed for a week. m 3. Take the bones out carefully with tweezers and wash them well with water. hi ch B l v z e ck 4. Try to bend the bone. You will notice that the bone is flexible and you can knot it. m Find out from a book or from the Internet why the bones have become flexible. S 0 Co si la.5 37 te W & an Fun Activity Sw Match the animal skeletons with their silhouettes. k ac Can you name the animals? 3 1. 2. 3. Bl nt rie O an Sw an a. b. c. k ac Sw Bl k nt ac rie Bl Internet Links O nt http://www.kidshealth.org/en/kids/bones.html rie https://www.dkfindout.com/uk/human-body/skeleton-and-bones/ to O 59 n wa kS New Science Ahead 5 ch5-8.indd 59 6/6/2017 3:52:24 PM  o k B o k s f or an Air and Water l 1 o e 13 ac er s f Sw x o or th m hi ch B l v z e ck m Learning Objectives By the end of the lesson, you S Mind Opener 0 Co si la will be able to:.5 When mountaineers climb high mountains such as describe the layers of the Mt Everest, they carry oxygen cylinders for breathing. atmosphere 37 Why? explain the properties of air te When an aeroplane flies, its doors and windows are demonstrate that water is sealed. You are not allowed to open a window even a solvent slightly. What can be the reason? describe the methods of removing soluble and W insoluble impurities from water & an THE ATMOSPHERE LAYERS OF THE Sw You know that air is all around us. ATMOSPHERE k We cannot stay alive for more than The atmosphere can be divided into ac 3 a few minutes without air. We need several layers. Bl oxygen to breathe. The blanket of air nt that surrounds the Earth is called the The Troposphere rie atmosphere. It is several hundred The layer nearest to the Earth’s surface kilometres thick. O is the troposphere. It extends up to an The density of the atmosphere is not about 15 km above the surface of the Sw the same throughout. It is thick near Earth. This is the only layer in which the ground and becomes thinner as living things can breathe normally. an k ac we go up, until it fades1 to nothing This is where clouds form, bringing Sw in space. As the air becomes thinner Bl rain and snow. Most weather changes as you go higher, breathing becomes k take place in this layer. nt ac more and more difficult. This is why rie Bl mountaineers carry oxygen while The Stratosphere O climbing high mountains such as nt Mt Everest. The layer that lies above the rie troposphere, the stratosphere, extends to O 1 fade to disappear slowly 109 n wa