New Fluid (1).pptx

OFFICI AL FLUID DISTRIBUTION HEA1091 OFFICI AL OBJECTIVES By the end of this session, students will be able to: -Describe, diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and active transport -Describe fluid distribution within the body -Describe the regulation and OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL...

OFFICI AL FLUID DISTRIBUTION HEA1091 OFFICI AL OBJECTIVES By the end of this session, students will be able to: -Describe, diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and active transport -Describe fluid distribution within the body -Describe the regulation and OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL Continual exchange of water and solutes among body fluid compartments through processes of: -Filtration -Reabsorption -Diffusion -Osmosis Volume of fluid in each compartment remains remarkably stable. OFFICI AL OFFICI AL BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS OFFICI AL Intracellular- Inside of the cells Extracellular- Outside of the cells Interstitial- Surrounding the cells Intravascular- Situated or OFFICI AL TOTAL BODY WATER Average value of Total Body Water (TBW for 70kg adult male is 60% = 42L of flui The remainder is fat and fat free solids (bone). OFFICI AL So your average 70kg man would approx. 42l of water made up of: -3l – in blood plasma -11l – in interstitial fluid -28l in cells (tissues) OFFICI AL -The distribution of the body's compartments varies with age. -In comparison with adults, infants have a greater % of body water stored in interstitial spaces -The amount of water as a % of body weight decreases with age until puberty OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL The ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis is know as its tonicity. A solution's tonicity is related to its osmolarity, which is the total concentration of all solutes in the solution OFFICI AL ISOTONIC SOLUTION OFFICI AL HYPOTONIC SOLUTION OFFICI AL Say one solution contains only a little sodium and another solution contains more. The 1st solution is HYPOTONIC compared to the 2nd solution. Fluid will then shift into the 2nd solution until the two solutions are of equal concentration OFFICI AL OFFICI AL Say one solution contains a large amount of Sodium and another has hardly any. The 1st solution is HYPERTONIC compared to the 2nd. As a result, fluid from the second solution will shift into the hypertonic solution until the concentrations are equal. OFFICI AL If the extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, it’s said to be hypotonic—hypo means less than—to the cell, and the net flow of water will be into the cell. In the reverse case, if the extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the cell’s cytoplasm, it’s said to be hypertonic—hyper means greater than—to the cell, and water will move out of the cell to the region of higher solute concentration. In an isotonic solution—iso means the same—the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell, and there OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL ACTIVE TRANSPORT In active transport, solutes move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration This requires energy… ATP An example of this would be sodium and potassium which use the sodium potassium pump Other solutes that require active transport are Calcium ions, Hydrogen ions and certain sugars OFFICI AL FACILITATED DIFFUSION Facilitated diffusion is the passive movement of molecules across the cell membrane via the aid of a membrane protein It is utilised by molecules that are unable to freely cross the phospholipid bilayer (e.g. large, polar molecules and ions) This process is mediated by two distinct types of transport proteins – channel proteins and carrier proteins OFFICI AL Remember- Charge and large OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL Relating it to real life…. OFFICI AL OFFICI AL TREATMENT? WHY? OFFICI AL Conversely… What will happen if we give Doris hypertonic fluid? Osmotic pressure is unequal. This draws water out of the cells into the more highly concentrated extracellular fluid e.g. Dehydration What will happen if we give Doris hypotonic fluid? Osmotic pressure is unequal. It draws water into the cells from extracellular fluid. OFFICI AL OFFICI AL WATER INTOXICATION Occurs when drink faster than excrete or have poor kidney function Therefore, rehydration remedies contain some NaCl as well as water to prevent this happening Lose water and also NaCl through these processe s– replace with just water OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OFFICI AL OEDEMA OFFICI AL OBJECTIVES By the end of this session, students will be able to: -Describe, diffusion, osmosis and active transport -Describe fluid distribution within the body -Describe the regulation and movement of fluid within the body OFFICI AL WHO IS GOING TO ASK A QUESTION BEFORE LUNCH?