Neuroanatomy Past Paper PDF

Which bone forms the inferior boundary of the temporal fossa? - A\) Greater wing of the sphenoid - B\) Zygomatic bone - C\) Parietal bone - D\) Temporal bone\ Answer: A) Greater wing of the sphenoid The temporalis fascia forms the roof of which fossa? - A\) Temporal fossa - B\...

Which bone forms the inferior boundary of the temporal fossa? - A\) Greater wing of the sphenoid - B\) Zygomatic bone - C\) Parietal bone - D\) Temporal bone\ Answer: A) Greater wing of the sphenoid The temporalis fascia forms the roof of which fossa? - A\) Temporal fossa - B\) Infratemporal fossa - C\) Pterygopalatine fossa - D\) Nasal cavity\ Answer: A) Temporal fossa Which nerve traverses the foramen ovale? - A\) Maxillary nerve (CN V2) - B\) Mandibular nerve (CN V3) - C\) Zygomaticotemporal nerve - D\) Infraorbital nerve\ Answer: B) Mandibular nerve (CN V3) The maxillary artery gives rise to which of the following branches in the pterygopalatine fossa? - A\) Sphenopalatine artery - B\) Inferior alveolar artery - C\) Deep temporal artery - D\) Ascending pharyngeal artery\ Answer: A) Sphenopalatine artery 1. Which structure occupies the majority of the temporal fossa? - A\) Lateral pterygoid muscle - B\) Temporalis muscle - C\) Zygomatic arch - D\) Otic ganglion\ Answer: B) Temporalis muscle 2. The pterygoid venous plexus communicates directly with which structure? - A\) Internal jugular vein - B\) Cavernous sinus - C\) Facial artery - D\) Pharyngeal plexus\ Answer: B) Cavernous sinus 3. Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the maxillary sinus? - A\) Zygomatic nerve - B\) Infraorbital nerve - C\) Posterior superior alveolar nerve - D\) Lingual nerve\ Answer: C) Posterior superior alveolar nerve 4. The anterior boundary of the pterygopalatine fossa is formed by which structure? - A\) Pterygoid process of the sphenoid - B\) Posterior wall of the maxilla - C\) Perpendicular plate of the palatine bone - D\) Body of the sphenoid\ Answer: B) Posterior wall of the maxilla 1. A patient presents with difficulty chewing and diminished sensation over the lower face. Imaging reveals a lesion near the foramen ovale. Which nerve is most likely affected? - A\) Facial nerve (CN VII) - B\) Mandibular nerve (CN V3) - C\) Maxillary nerve (CN V2) - D\) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)\ Answer: B) Mandibular nerve (CN V3) 2. A surgeon performing maxillary sinus surgery inadvertently damages a branch of the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa. Which function is likely to be impaired? - A\) Motor innervation to mastication muscles - B\) Sensory innervation to the upper lip and cheek - C\) Parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland - D\) Sympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland\ Answer: B) Sensory innervation to the upper lip and cheek 3. A patient with a fracture involving the lateral pterygoid plate experiences trismus (difficulty opening the mouth). Which muscle is most likely affected? - A\) Temporalis - B\) Lateral pterygoid - C\) Medial pterygoid - D\) Masseter\ Answer: B) Lateral pterygoid 4. A patient suffers a penetrating injury through the zygomatic arch. Which structure in the temporal fossa is most at risk? - A\) Middle meningeal artery - B\) Temporalis muscle - C\) Zygomaticotemporal nerve - D\) Mandibular condyle\ Answer: B) Temporalis muscle 5. A patient presents with epistaxis (nosebleed) originating from the posterior nasal cavity. Which artery, branching from the maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa, is most likely responsible? - A\) Infraorbital artery - B\) Sphenopalatine artery - C\) Posterior superior alveolar artery - D\) Descending palatine artery\ Answer: B) Sphenopalatine artery 6. A tumor in the infratemporal fossa compresses the chorda tympani nerve. What symptoms might the patient experience? - A\) Loss of sensation in the lower teeth - B\) Difficulty chewing - C\) Loss of taste in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue - D\) Dryness of the parotid gland\ Answer: C) Loss of taste in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue 7. A patient has a severe infection in the infratemporal fossa that spreads to the cranial cavity. Through which structure is the infection most likely to have spread? - A\) Foramen ovale - B\) Foramen spinosum - C\) Pterygoid venous plexus - D\) Inferior orbital fissure\ Answer: C) Pterygoid venous plexus 1. The lateral boundary of the temporal fossa is formed by which structure? - A\) Zygomatic arch - B\) Greater wing of the sphenoid - C\) Temporalis fascia - D\) Frontal bone\ Answer: A) Zygomatic arch 2. Which artery passes through the foramen spinosum? - A\) Middle meningeal artery - B\) Inferior alveolar artery - C\) Sphenopalatine artery - D\) Descending palatine artery\ Answer: A) Middle meningeal artery 3. Which fossa communicates with the pterygopalatine fossa via the pterygomaxillary fissure? - A\) Temporal fossa - B\) Infratemporal fossa - C\) Anterior cranial fossa - D\) Nasal cavity\ Answer: B) Infratemporal fossa 4. Which nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3) and supplies the temporalis muscle? - A\) Zygomatic nerve - B\) Deep temporal nerve - C\) Buccal nerve - D\) Inferior alveolar nerve\ Answer: B) Deep temporal nerve 1. Which structure forms the medial boundary of the infratemporal fossa? - A\) Lateral pterygoid plate - B\) Ramus of the mandible - C\) Styloid process - D\) Maxillary tuberosity\ Answer: A) Lateral pterygoid plate 2. The posterior boundary of the temporal fossa is formed by which structure? - A\) Zygomatic arch - B\) Temporal lines - C\) Frontal bone - D\) Sphenoid bone\ Answer: B) Temporal lines 3. Which muscle in the infratemporal fossa is responsible for protruding the mandible? - A\) Temporalis muscle - B\) Masseter muscle - C\) Lateral pterygoid muscle - D\) Medial pterygoid muscle\ Answer: C) Lateral pterygoid muscle 4. Which artery is a branch of the maxillary artery and supplies the palate? - A\) Sphenopalatine artery - B\) Descending palatine artery - C\) Posterior superior alveolar artery - D\) Infraorbital artery\ Answer: B) Descending palatine artery 1. A 30-year-old patient complains of persistent pain in the upper molars and sinus pressure. Imaging reveals inflammation in the maxillary sinus. Which nerve is most likely responsible for transmitting this pain? - A\) Infraorbital nerve - B\) Zygomaticotemporal nerve - C\) Posterior superior alveolar nerve - D\) Auriculotemporal nerve\ Answer: C) Posterior superior alveolar nerve 2. A patient with a lesion in the foramen rotundum would most likely experience deficits in which region? - A\) Lower jaw and chin - B\) Upper lip, cheek, and upper teeth - C\) Posterior scalp - D\) Anterior two-thirds of the tongue\ Answer: B) Upper lip, cheek, and upper teeth 3. A surgeon performing a procedure in the pterygopalatine fossa accidentally damages the sphenopalatine artery. What is the most likely clinical presentation? - A\) Profuse epistaxis (nosebleed) - B\) Loss of sensation over the maxillary region - C\) Loss of lacrimal gland secretion - D\) Paralysis of mastication muscles\ Answer: A) Profuse epistaxis (nosebleed) 4. A patient with a fracture of the ramus of the mandible presents with pain and difficulty chewing. Which infratemporal muscle is likely affected? - A\) Medial pterygoid - B\) Lateral pterygoid - C\) Temporalis - D\) Masseter\ Answer: B) Lateral pterygoid 5. A patient develops facial swelling and trismus after an infection spreads from the infratemporal fossa. Which venous structure is most likely involved, leading to a potential intracranial spread? - A\) Facial vein - B\) Pterygoid venous plexus - C\) Cavernous sinus - D\) Internal jugular vein\ Answer: B) Pterygoid venous plexus 6. A dentist accidentally injects local anesthetic into the pterygoid venous plexus. The patient subsequently develops diplopia and facial pain. What is the most likely complication? - A\) Infection spreading to the cavernous sinus - B\) Damage to the infraorbital nerve - C\) Loss of taste sensation in the tongue - D\) Hemorrhage in the maxillary sinus\ Answer: A) Infection spreading to the cavernous sinus 7. A 45-year-old patient complains of dry eyes and nasal dryness following head trauma. Damage to which nerve in the pterygopalatine ganglion is most likely responsible? - A\) Greater petrosal nerve - B\) Deep petrosal nerve - C\) Zygomaticotemporal nerve - D\) Posterior superior alveolar nerve\ Answer: A) Greater petrosal nerve 8. A tumor in the infratemporal fossa compresses the mandibular nerve (CN V3). Which of the following symptoms is most likely? - A\) Anosmia - B\) Loss of sensation in the chin and lower jaw - C\) Loss of sensation in the upper teeth - D\) Paralysis of the orbicularis oculi muscle\ Answer: B) Loss of sensation in the chin and lower jaw 1. Which part of the lateral ventricle lies within the frontal lobe? - A\) Body - B\) Posterior horn - C\) Inferior horn - D\) Anterior horn\ Answer: D) Anterior horn 2. The third ventricle is located between which structures? - A\) Pons and medulla - B\) Cerebellar peduncles - C\) Diencephalon halves - D\) Occipital lobes\ Answer: C) Diencephalon halves 3. Which ventricular structure connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle? - A\) Interventricular foramen - B\) Cerebral aqueduct - C\) Foramen of Magendie - D\) Foramen of Luschka\ Answer: B) Cerebral aqueduct 4. The choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle is located primarily near which area? - A\) Inferior horn of the lateral ventricle - B\) Roof of the fourth ventricle - C\) Floor of the third ventricle - D\) Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle\ Answer: B) Roof of the fourth ventricle 1. The posterior horn of the lateral ventricle is located in which lobe of the brain? - A\) Frontal - B\) Temporal - C\) Occipital - D\) Parietal\ Answer: C) Occipital 2. Which of the following openings allows CSF to flow from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle? - A\) Median aperture - B\) Interventricular foramen - C\) Cerebral aqueduct - D\) Lateral aperture\ Answer: B) Interventricular foramen 3. Which structure forms the anterior boundary of the fourth ventricle? - A\) Cerebellum - B\) Sulcus limitans - C\) Pons and medulla - D\) Choroid plexus\ Answer: C) Pons and medulla 4. The floor of the fourth ventricle contains which of the following grooves that separates motor and sensory areas? - A\) Sulcus limitans - B\) Median eminence - C\) Vermis - D\) Fornix\ Answer: A) Sulcus limitans 1. A 60-year-old patient presents with dementia, difficulty walking, and urinary incontinence. MRI shows enlarged ventricles without increased intracranial pressure. What is the most likely diagnosis? - A\) Obstructive hydrocephalus - B\) Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) - C\) Communicating hydrocephalus - D\) CSF leak\ Answer: B) Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) 2. A newborn presents with an enlarged head and imaging reveals a blockage of the cerebral aqueduct. Which condition is most likely? - A\) Communicating hydrocephalus - B\) Aqueductal stenosis causing obstructive hydrocephalus - C\) Normal pressure hydrocephalus - D\) CSF leak\ Answer: B) Aqueductal stenosis causing obstructive hydrocephalus 3. A patient suffers a traumatic injury leading to CSF rhinorrhea. Which aperture of the ventricular system might be involved? - A\) Foramen of Magendie - B\) Interventricular foramen - C\) Foramen of Luschka - D\) Cerebral aqueduct\ Answer: A) Foramen of Magendie 4. In a case of bacterial meningitis, the patient develops symptoms of hydrocephalus. This is most likely due to which mechanism? - A\) Blockage of the cerebral aqueduct - B\) Increased CSF production by the choroid plexus - C\) Inflammation and impaired absorption of CSF in the arachnoid granulations - D\) Herniation of the cerebellum\ Answer: C) Inflammation and impaired absorption of CSF in the arachnoid granulations 5. A tumor compressing the diencephalon affects the third ventricle. Which lobe function might be directly impaired due to its anatomical relation with the third ventricle? - A\) Temporal lobe - B\) Frontal lobe - C\) Parietal lobe - D\) Occipital lobe\ Answer: A) Temporal lobe 6. A patient with obstructive hydrocephalus presents with dilation of the lateral and third ventricles but not the fourth ventricle. Where is the most likely site of obstruction? - A\) Interventricular foramen - B\) Foramen of Luschka - C\) Cerebral aqueduct - D\) Foramen of Magendie\ Answer: C) Cerebral aqueduct 7. During surgery for a brainstem tumor, the surgeon inadvertently damages the floor of the fourth ventricle. Which clinical symptom is most likely to occur? - A\) Loss of coordination due to cerebellar dysfunction - B\) Difficulty breathing due to damage of the medullary centers - C\) Increased CSF production - D\) Memory loss\ Answer: B) Difficulty breathing due to damage of the medullary centers 8. An imaging study reveals a CSF flow obstruction at the interventricular foramina. Which ventricles are most likely dilated? - A\) Third and fourth ventricles - B\) Lateral ventricles only - C\) Fourth ventricle and subarachnoid space - D\) All ventricles equally\ Answer: B) Lateral ventricles onlyBottom of Form