Networking All-In-One For Dummies 6th Edition PDF

Networking ALL‐IN‐ONE 6th Edition by Doug Lowe Networking All‐in‐One For Dummies®, 6th Edition Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030‐5774, www.wiley.com Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada...

Networking ALL‐IN‐ONE 6th Edition by Doug Lowe Networking All‐in‐One For Dummies®, 6th Edition Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030‐5774, www.wiley.com Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permit- ted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permis- sion of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748‐6011, fax (201) 748‐6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. 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Library of Congress Control Number: 2015960607 ISBN 978‐1‐119‐15472‐3 (pbk); ISBN 978‐1‐119‐15473‐0 (ebk); ISBN 978‐1‐119‐15474‐7 (ebk) Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1  Contents at a Glance Introduction................................................................. 1 Book I: Planning a Network........................................... 5 Chapter 1: Understanding Networks................................................................................ 7 Chapter 2: Planning a Network....................................................................................... 23 Chapter 3: Installing Network Hardware........................................................................ 41 Chapter 4: Setting Up a Server........................................................................................ 53 Chapter 5: Configuring Windows Clients....................................................................... 63 Chapter 6: Mac Networking............................................................................................. 73 Chapter 7: Configuring Other Network Features.......................................................... 81 Chapter 8: Setting Up a Wireless Network..................................................................... 89 Book II: Network Administration................................ 119 Chapter 1: Help Wanted: Job Description for a Network Administrator............................................................................................. 121 Chapter 2: Security 101.................................................................................................. 135 Chapter 3: Managing User Accounts............................................................................ 145 Chapter 4: Firewalls and Virus Protection................................................................... 153 Chapter 5: Blocking Spam.............................................................................................. 165 Chapter 6: Managing Network Software....................................................................... 177 Chapter 7: Solving Network Problems......................................................................... 189 Chapter 8: Backing Up Your Data.................................................................................. 205 Chapter 9: Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Planning............................ 217 Book III: Protocols.................................................... 225 Chapter 1: Understanding Network Protocols and Standards.................................. 227 Chapter 2: Introduction to TCP/IP and the Internet................................................... 249 Chapter 3: Understanding IP Addresses...................................................................... 257 Chapter 4: Using DHCP................................................................................................... 275 Chapter 5: Using DNS..................................................................................................... 291 Chapter 6: Using FTP...................................................................................................... 317 Chapter 7: TCP/IP Tools and Commands..................................................................... 339 Book IV: Going Virtual.............................................. 365 Chapter 1: Introducing Virtualization.......................................................................... 367 Chapter 2: Working with Hyper‐V................................................................................. 377 Chapter 3: Working with VMware................................................................................. 395 Chapter 4: Virtualizing Your Desktops......................................................................... 405 Book V: Remote Networking...................................... 413 Chapter 1: Managing Mobile Devices........................................................................... 415 Chapter 2: Working with VPN for Remote Access...................................................... 429 Chapter 3: Using Remote Desktop Access................................................................... 435 Chapter 4: Using Remote Assistance............................................................................ 447 Book VI: Cloud Networking........................................ 455 Chapter 1: Cloudy with a Chance of Gigabytes........................................................... 457 Chapter 2: Using Essential Cloud Services.................................................................. 467 Chapter 3: Administering Office 365............................................................................. 477 Chapter 4: Using SharePoint Online............................................................................. 485 Book VII: Windows Server 2016 Reference................. 497 Chapter 1: Installing and Configuring Windows Server 2016.................................... 499 Chapter 2: Managing Windows Server 2016................................................................ 513 Chapter 3: Dealing with Active Directory.................................................................... 529 Chapter 4: Managing Windows User Accounts........................................................... 541 Chapter 5: Managing a File Server................................................................................ 563 Chapter 6: Using Group Policy...................................................................................... 577 Chapter 7: Troubleshooting.......................................................................................... 589 Chapter 8: Windows Commands................................................................................... 601 Book VIII: Using Other Windows Servers.................... 629 Chapter 1: Using Internet Information Services.......................................................... 631 Chapter 2: Managing Exchange Server 2016............................................................... 641 Chapter 3: Using SQL Server 2014................................................................................ 659 Book IX: Managing Linux Systems............................. 675 Chapter 1: Installing a Linux Server............................................................................. 677 Chapter 2: Getting Used to Linux.................................................................................. 689 Chapter 3: Basic Linux Network Configuration........................................................... 701 Chapter 4: Running DHCP and DNS.............................................................................. 713 Chapter 5: Doing the Samba Dance.............................................................................. 723 Chapter 6: Running Apache........................................................................................... 737 Chapter 7: Running Sendmail........................................................................................ 749 Chapter 8: Running FTP................................................................................................. 759 Chapter 9: Linux Commands......................................................................................... 765 Appendix A: Directory of Useful Websites................... 793 Appendix B: Glossary................................................ 801 Index....................................................................... 829  Table of Contents Introduction.................................................................. 1 About This Book............................................................................................... 2 Foolish Assumptions........................................................................................ 3 Icons Used in This Book.................................................................................. 3 Beyond the Book.............................................................................................. 4 Where to Go from Here.................................................................................... 4 Book I: Planning a Network........................................... 5 Chapter 1: Understanding Networks............................. 7 Defining a Network........................................................................................... 7 Network building blocks........................................................................ 8 Seeing the benefits of networking....................................................... 10 Comparing Clients and Servers.................................................................... 11 Understanding Dedicated Servers and Peers............................................. 12 Seeing Networks Big and Small..................................................................... 13 Looking Closer at Servers.............................................................................. 13 What’s important in a server............................................................... 14 Components of a server computer..................................................... 15 Server form factors............................................................................... 16 Operating systems for server computers.......................................... 18 Chapter 2: Planning a Network................................. 23 Making a Network Plan.................................................................................. 23 Being Purposeful............................................................................................. 24 Taking Stock.................................................................................................... 25 What you need to know....................................................................... 25 Programs that gather information for you........................................ 27 To Dedicate or Not to Dedicate: That Is the Question............................... 28 Considering Server Roles.............................................................................. 28 File servers............................................................................................ 29 Print servers.......................................................................................... 29 Web servers........................................................................................... 29 Mail servers........................................................................................... 29 Database servers.................................................................................. 30 Application servers.............................................................................. 30 License servers..................................................................................... 30 viii Networking All-in-One For Dummies Choosing a Server Operating System........................................................... 30 Considering Cable.......................................................................................... 31 Surmising Switches........................................................................................ 32 Planning the Network Topology................................................................... 35 Planning the TCP/IP Implementation........................................................... 36 Drawing Diagrams.......................................................................................... 36 More Questions Your Network Plan Should Address................................ 38 Chapter 3: Installing Network Hardware........................ 41 Working with Cable........................................................................................ 41 Cable categories.................................................................................... 41 What’s with the pairs?.......................................................................... 42 To shield or not to shield.................................................................... 43 When to use plenum cable.................................................................. 43 Sometimes solid, sometimes stranded.............................................. 44 Installation guidelines.......................................................................... 44 Getting the tools that you need.......................................................... 46 Pinouts for twisted‐pair cables........................................................... 47 Attaching RJ‐45 connectors................................................................. 48 Wall jacks and patch panels................................................................ 49 Installing Switches.......................................................................................... 50 Daisy‐Chaining Switches................................................................................ 51 Chapter 4: Setting Up a Server................................. 53 The Many Ways to Install a Server Operating System............................... 53 Full install versus upgrade.................................................................. 53 Installing over the network.................................................................. 55 Gathering Your Stuff....................................................................................... 55 A capable server computer................................................................. 55 The server OS........................................................................................ 56 Other software...................................................................................... 56 A working Internet connection........................................................... 56 A good book........................................................................................... 57 Making Informed Decisions........................................................................... 57 Final Preparations.......................................................................................... 58 Installing a Server Operating System........................................................... 59 Phase 1: Collecting information.......................................................... 59 Phase 2: Installing Windows................................................................ 60 Configuring Your Server................................................................................ 60 Chapter 5: Configuring Windows Clients........................ 63 Configuring Network Connections............................................................... 63 Joining a Domain............................................................................................ 69  Table of Contents ix Chapter 6: Mac Networking................................... 73 Basic Mac Network Settings.......................................................................... 73 Joining a Domain............................................................................................ 77 Connecting to a Share.................................................................................... 79 Chapter 7: Configuring Other Network Features.................. 81 Configuring Network Printers....................................................................... 81 Adding a network printer..................................................................... 81 Accessing a network printer using a web interface......................... 84 Mapping Network Drives............................................................................... 85 Chapter 8: Setting Up a Wireless Network...................... 89 Diving into Wireless Networking.................................................................. 90 A Little High School Electronics................................................................... 91 Waves and frequencies........................................................................ 91 Wavelength and antennas.................................................................... 92 Spectrums and the FCC........................................................................ 93 Eight‐Oh‐Two‐Dot‐Eleventy Something? (Or, Understanding Wireless Standards)................................................................................................... 94 Home on the Range........................................................................................ 95 Wireless Network Adapters........................................................................... 96 Wireless Access Points.................................................................................. 97 Infrastructure mode............................................................................. 98 Multifunction WAPs.............................................................................. 99 Roaming........................................................................................................... 99 Wireless bridging................................................................................ 100 Ad‐hoc networks................................................................................. 100 Configuring a Wireless Access Point.......................................................... 100 Basic configuration options............................................................... 101 DHCP configuration............................................................................ 102 Connecting to a Wireless Network............................................................. 103 Paying Attention to Wireless Network Security....................................... 105 Understanding wireless security threats......................................... 105 Securing your wireless network........................................................ 109 Troubleshooting a wireless network................................................ 114 Book II: Network Administration................................ 119 Chapter 1: Help Wanted: Job Description for a Network Administrator..................................... 121 Knowing What Network Administrators Do.............................................. 121 Choosing the Part‐Time Administrator...................................................... 123 Establishing Routine Chores....................................................................... 124 x Networking All-in-One For Dummies Managing Network Users............................................................................. 125 Patching Up Your Operating System and Software.................................. 126 Discovering Software Tools for Network Administrators....................... 126 Building a Library......................................................................................... 128 Getting Certified............................................................................................ 129 CompTIA.............................................................................................. 130 Microsoft.............................................................................................. 131 Cisco..................................................................................................... 131 Gurus Need Gurus, Too............................................................................... 132 Helpful Bluffs and Excuses.......................................................................... 132 Chapter 2: Security 101....................................... 135 Do You Need Security?................................................................................ 136 Considering Two Approaches to Security................................................. 137 Physical Security: Locking Your Doors..................................................... 137 Securing User Accounts............................................................................... 139 Obfuscating your usernames............................................................ 139 Using passwords wisely..................................................................... 140 A password‐generator For Dummies................................................ 141 Securing the Administrator account................................................ 142 Hardening Your Network............................................................................. 142 Using a firewall.................................................................................... 142 Disabling unnecessary services........................................................ 143 Patching your servers........................................................................ 143 Securing Your Users..................................................................................... 143 Chapter 3: Managing User Accounts........................... 145 Exploring What User Accounts Consist Of................................................ 145 Looking at Built‐In Accounts....................................................................... 146 The Administrator account............................................................... 146 The Guest account.............................................................................. 147 Service accounts................................................................................. 147 Assigning User Rights.................................................................................. 148 Controlling User Access with Permissions (Who Gets What)...................................................................................... 149 Assigning Permissions to Groups............................................................... 150 Understanding User Profiles....................................................................... 150 Automating Tasks with Logon Scripts....................................................... 151 Chapter 4: Firewalls and Virus Protection...................... 153 Firewalls......................................................................................................... 153 The Many Types of Firewalls...................................................................... 155 Packet filtering.................................................................................... 155 Stateful packet inspection (SPI)........................................................ 157 Circuit‐level gateway.......................................................................... 157 Application gateway........................................................................... 157  Table of Contents xi The Built‐In Windows Firewall.................................................................... 158 Virus Protection............................................................................................ 159 What is a virus?................................................................................... 159 Antivirus programs............................................................................. 161 Safe computing.................................................................................... 162 Using Windows Action Center.................................................................... 162 Chapter 5: Blocking Spam.................................... 165 Defining Spam............................................................................................... 166 Sampling the Many Flavors of Spam.......................................................... 167 Using Antispam Software............................................................................. 168 Understanding Spam Filters........................................................................ 169 Looking at Three Types of Antispam Software......................................... 172 On‐premises antispam....................................................................... 172 Antispam appliances.......................................................................... 173 Cloud‐based antispam services........................................................ 174 Minimizing Spam........................................................................................... 175 Chapter 6: Managing Network Software....................... 177 Understanding Software Licenses.............................................................. 178 Using a License Server................................................................................. 180 Options for Deploying Network Software.................................................. 182 Deploying software manually............................................................ 182 Running Setup from a network share............................................... 182 Installing silently................................................................................. 183 Creating an administrative installation image................................ 185 Pushing out software with group policy.......................................... 185 Keeping Software Up to Date...................................................................... 186 Chapter 7: Solving Network Problems......................... 189 When Bad Things Happen to Good Computers........................................ 190 Fixing Dead Computers................................................................................ 191 Ways to Check a Network Connection....................................................... 192 A Bunch of Error Messages Just Flew By!.................................................. 193 Double‐Checking Your Network Settings.................................................. 193 Using the Windows Networking Troubleshooter..................................... 194 Time to Experiment...................................................................................... 195 Who’s on First?............................................................................................. 196 Restarting a Client Computer...................................................................... 196 Booting in Safe Mode................................................................................... 198 Using System Restore.................................................................................. 198 Restarting Network Services....................................................................... 200 Restarting a Network Server....................................................................... 202 Looking at Event Logs.................................................................................. 203 Documenting Your Trials and Tribulations.............................................. 204 xii Networking All-in-One For Dummies Chapter 8: Backing Up Your Data.............................. 205 Backing Up Your Data.................................................................................. 205 Where to Back Up Your Data...................................................................... 206 Backing Up to Tape...................................................................................... 206 Backup Software........................................................................................... 207 Types of Backups......................................................................................... 208 Normal backups.................................................................................. 209 Copy backups...................................................................................... 210 Daily backups...................................................................................... 210 Incremental backups.......................................................................... 210 Differential backups............................................................................ 211 Local versus Network Backups................................................................... 212 How Many Sets of Backups Should You Keep?......................................... 213 A Word about Tape Reliability.................................................................... 215 About Cleaning the Heads........................................................................... 216 Backup Security............................................................................................ 216 Chapter 9: Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Planning.. 217 Assessing Different Types of Disasters...................................................... 218 Environmental disasters.................................................................... 218 Deliberate disasters............................................................................ 219 Disruption of services........................................................................ 219 Equipment failure............................................................................... 220 Other disasters.................................................................................... 220 Analyzing the Impact of a Disaster............................................................. 220 Developing a Business Continuity Plan..................................................... 221 Holding a Fire Drill........................................................................................ 222 Book III: Protocols..................................................... 225 Chapter 1: Understanding Network Protocols and Standards..... 227 Understanding Protocols............................................................................. 227 Understanding Standards............................................................................ 229 Seeing the Seven Layers of the OSI Reference Model.............................. 229 The Physical layer.............................................................................. 231 The Data Link layer............................................................................. 232 The Network layer.............................................................................. 233 The Transport layer........................................................................... 236 The Session layer................................................................................ 238 The Presentation layer....................................................................... 238 The Application layer......................................................................... 239 Following a Packet through the Layers..................................................... 239  Table of Contents xiii The Ethernet Protocol................................................................................. 240 Standard Ethernet............................................................................... 242 Fast Ethernet....................................................................................... 242 Gigabit Ethernet.................................................................................. 243 The TCP/IP Protocol Suite........................................................................... 244 IP 245 TCP....................................................................................................... 246 UDP....................................................................................................... 247 Other Protocols Worth Knowing About.................................................... 247 Chapter 2: Introduction to TCP/IP and the Internet............... 249 What Is the Internet?.................................................................................... 249 A Little Internet History............................................................................... 251 TCP/IP Standards and RFCs........................................................................ 252 The TCP/IP Protocol Framework................................................................ 254 Network Interface layer...................................................................... 254 Network layer...................................................................................... 255 Transport layer................................................................................... 255 Application layer................................................................................. 256 Chapter 3: Understanding IP Addresses........................ 257 Understanding Binary.................................................................................. 257 Counting by ones................................................................................ 257 Doing the logic thing.......................................................................... 259 Working with the binary Windows Calculator................................ 260 Introducing IP Addresses............................................................................ 262 Networks and hosts............................................................................ 262 The dotted‐decimal dance................................................................. 262 Classifying IP Addresses.............................................................................. 263 Class A addresses............................................................................... 265 Class B addresses............................................................................... 267 Class C addresses............................................................................... 267 Subnetting...................................................................................................... 267 Subnets................................................................................................. 268 Subnet masks...................................................................................... 269 Network prefix notation..................................................................... 270 Default subnets................................................................................... 271 The great subnet roundup................................................................. 271 IP block parties................................................................................... 272 Private and public addresses............................................................ 273 Network Address Translation..................................................................... 273 Chapter 4: Using DHCP....................................... 275 Understanding DHCP................................................................................... 275 Configuration information provided by DHCP................................ 275 DHCP servers....................................................................................... 276 How DHCP actually works................................................................. 276 xiv Networking All-in-One For Dummies Understanding Scopes................................................................................. 278 Feeling excluded?................................................................................ 279 Reservations suggested..................................................................... 279 How long to lease?.............................................................................. 280 Working with a DHCP Server....................................................................... 281 Installing a Windows Server 2016 DHCP server.............................. 281 Configuring a new scope.................................................................... 282 How to Configure a Windows DHCP Client................................................ 287 Automatic private IP addressing...................................................... 287 Renewing and releasing leases.......................................................... 288 Chapter 5: Using DNS........................................ 291 Understanding DNS Names......................................................................... 291 Domains and domain names............................................................. 292 Fully qualified domain names........................................................... 294 Top‐Level Domains....................................................................................... 294 Generic domains................................................................................. 294 Geographic domains.......................................................................... 295 The Hosts File............................................................................................... 297 Understanding DNS Servers and Zones..................................................... 300 Zones.................................................................................................... 300 Primary and secondary servers........................................................ 302 Root servers........................................................................................ 303 Caching................................................................................................. 305 Understanding DNS Queries........................................................................ 306 A real‐life DNS example...................................................................... 307 Zone Files and Resource Records.............................................................. 308 SOA records......................................................................................... 309 NS records........................................................................................... 310 A records............................................................................................. 311 CNAME records................................................................................... 311 PTR records......................................................................................... 312 MX records.......................................................................................... 312 Reverse Lookup Zones................................................................................. 313 Working with the Windows DNS Server..................................................... 314 How to Configure a Windows DNS Client.................................................. 315 Chapter 6: Using FTP......................................... 317 Discovering FTP............................................................................................ 317 Configuring an FTP Server........................................................................... 318 Installing FTP....................................................................................... 318 Creating an FTP site............................................................................ 318 Changing the FTP site properties..................................................... 321 Adding content to your FTP site....................................................... 323 Accessing an FTP Site with a Browser....................................................... 324  Table of Contents xv Using an FTP Command Line Client........................................................... 325 FTP Command and Subcommand Reference............................................ 328 The FTP command.............................................................................. 328 ! (Escape)............................................................................................. 329 ? (Help)................................................................................................. 329 append................................................................................................. 329 ascii....................................................................................................... 329 bell........................................................................................................ 329 binary................................................................................................... 330 bye........................................................................................................ 330 cd.......................................................................................................... 330 close..................................................................................................... 330 debug.................................................................................................... 330 delete.................................................................................................... 331 dir.......................................................................................................... 331 disconnect........................................................................................... 331 get......................................................................................................... 331 glob....................................................................................................... 332 hash...................................................................................................... 332 help....................................................................................................... 332 lcd......................................................................................................... 332 literal.................................................................................................... 333 ls 333 mdelete................................................................................................. 333 mdir...................................................................................................... 333 mget...................................................................................................... 334 mkdir.................................................................................................... 334 mls........................................................................................................ 334 mput..................................................................................................... 334 open...................................................................................................... 335 prompt................................................................................................. 335 put......................................................................................................... 335 pwd....................................................................................................... 335 quit........................................................................................................ 336 quote.................................................................................................... 336 recv....................................................................................................... 336 remotehelp.......................................................................................... 336 rename................................................................................................. 337 rmdir..................................................................................................... 337 send...................................................................................................... 337 status.................................................................................................... 337 trace...................................................................................................... 338 type....................................................................................................... 338 user....................................................................................................... 338 verbose................................................................................................. 338 xvi Networking All-in-One For Dummies Chapter 7: TCP/IP Tools and Commands........................ 339 Using the arp Command.............................................................................. 339 Using the hostname Command................................................................... 340 Using the ipconfig Command...................................................................... 340 Displaying basic IP configuration..................................................... 341 Displaying detailed configuration information............................... 342 Renewing an IP lease.......................................................................... 342 Releasing an IP lease.......................................................................... 343 Flushing the local DNS cache............................................................ 343 Using the nbtstat Command........................................................................ 344 Using the netstat Command........................................................................ 345 Displaying connections...................................................................... 345 Displaying interface statistics........................................................... 346 Using the nslookup Command.................................................................... 349 Looking up an IP address................................................................... 349 Using nslookup subcommands......................................................... 350 Displaying DNS records..................................................................... 350 Locating the mail server for an email address................................ 352 Taking a ride through DNS‐Land....................................................... 352 Using the pathping Command.................................................................... 355 Using the ping Command............................................................................ 357 Using the route Command........................................................................... 358 Displaying the routing table.............................................................. 358 Modifying the routing table............................................................... 361 Using the tracert Command........................................................................ 362 Book IV: Going Virtual............................................... 365 Chapter 1: Introducing Virtualization........................... 367 Understanding Virtualization...................................................................... 367 Understanding Hypervisors........................................................................ 368 Understanding Virtual Disks....................................................................... 370 Understanding Network Virtualization...................................................... 373 Considering the Benefits of Virtualization................................................ 373 Chapter 2: Working with Hyper‐V............................. 377 Understanding the Hyper‐V Hypervisor.................................................... 377 Understanding Hyper‐V Virtual Disks........................................................ 378 Enabling Hyper‐V.......................................................................................... 379 Getting Familiar with Hyper‐V..................................................................... 380 Creating a Virtual Switch............................................................................. 381 Creating a Virtual Disk................................................................................. 384 Creating a Virtual Machine.......................................................................... 387 Installing an Operating System................................................................... 391  Table of Contents xvii Chapter 3: Working with VMware............................. 395 Looking at vSphere....................................................................................... 395 Getting Started with VMware Player.......................................................... 396 Creating a Virtual Machine.......................................................................... 398 Installing VMware Tools.............................................................................. 402 Chapter 4: Virtualizing Your Desktops.......................... 405 Introducing Desktop Virtualization............................................................ 405 Considering Two Approaches to Desktop Virtualization........................ 407 Looking at VMware’s Horizon View........................................................... 408 Looking at Citrix XenApp............................................................................. 409 Book V: Remote Networking....................................... 413 Chapter 1: Managing Mobile Devices.......................... 415 The Many Types of Mobile Devices........................................................... 416 Considering Security for Mobile Devices.................................................. 417 Managing iOS Devices.................................................................................. 418 Understanding the iPhone................................................................. 418 Understanding the iPad..................................................................... 419 Integrating iOS devices with Exchange............................................ 419 Managing Android Devices.......................................................................... 425 Looking at the Android OS................................................................ 426 Perusing Android’s core applications.............................................. 427 Integrating Android with Exchange.................................................. 427 Chapter 2: Working with VPN for Remote Access............... 429 Understanding VPN...................................................................................... 429 Looking at VPN Security.............................................................................. 431 Understanding VPN Servers and Clients................................................... 432 Chapter 3: Using Remote Desktop Access...................... 435 Enabling Remote Desktop Connection...................................................... 435 Connecting Remotely................................................................................... 436 Using Keyboard Shortcuts for Remote Desktop....................................... 439 Configuring Remote Desktop Options....................................................... 440 Setting the Display options................................................................ 441 Setting the Local Resources options................................................ 442 Setting the Programs options............................................................ 443 Setting the Experience options......................................................... 444 Setting the Advanced options........................................................... 444 xviii Networking All-in-One For Dummies Chapter 4: Using Remote Assistance........................... 447 Enabling Remote Assistance....................................................................... 447 Inviting Someone to Help You via a Remote Assistance Session.................................................................................... 449 Responding to a Remote Assistance Invitation........................................ 452 Book VI: Cloud Networking........................................ 455 Chapter 1: Cloudy with a Chance of Gigabytes.................. 457 Introducing Cloud Computing.................................................................... 457 Looking at the Benefits of Cloud Computing............................................ 458 Detailing the Drawbacks of Cloud Computing.......................................... 460 Examining Three Basic Kinds of Cloud Services...................................... 461 Applications......................................................................................... 461 Platforms.............................................................................................. 462 Infrastructure...................................................................................... 462 Public Clouds versus Private Clouds......................................................... 462 Introducing Some of the Major Cloud Providers...................................... 463 Amazon................................................................................................ 463 Google.................................................................................................. 464 Microsoft.............................................................................................. 465 Getting into the Cloud.................................................................................. 465 Chapter 2: Using Essential Cloud Services..................... 467 Sharing Files in the Cloud............................................................................ 467 Google Drive........................................................................................ 468 Microsoft OneDrive............................................................................ 469 Dropbox............................................................................................... 469 Box........................................................................................................ 470 Hosting Meetings in the Cloud.................................................................... 470 GoToMeeting....................................................................................... 471 WebEx................................................................................................... 471 Creating a Company Social Network.......................................................... 472 Yammer................................................................................................ 473 Socialcast............................................................................................. 474 Chapter 3: Administering Office 365............................ 477 Looking at the Features Provided by Office 365....................................... 477 Using the Admin Center............................................................................... 479 Creating a New User..................................................................................... 480 Editing a User Account................................................................................ 482 Considering Other Important Administrative Tasks................................ 483  Table of Contents xix Chapter 4: Using SharePoint Online........................... 485 What Is SharePoint?..................................................................................... 485 Connecting to SharePoint Online............................................................... 486 Adding a Part................................................................................................. 487 Adding and Removing Announcements..................................................... 491 Adding Apps.................................................................................................. 492 Book VII: Windows Server 2016 Reference.................. 497 Chapter 1: Installing and Configuring Windows Server 2016...... 499 Planning a Windows Server Installation.................................................... 499 Checking system requirements........................................................ 499 Reading the release notes.................................................................. 500 Deciding whether to upgrade or install........................................... 500 Considering your licensing options.................................................. 501 Thinking about multiboot.................................................................. 501 Planning your partitions.................................................................... 501 Deciding your TCP/IP configuration................................................. 502 Choosing workgroups or domains................................................... 503 Before You Install...................................................................................... 503 Backing up........................................................................................... 504 Checking the event logs..................................................................... 504 Disconnecting UPS devices............................................................... 504 Running Setup............................................................................................... 504 Adding Server Roles and Features............................................................. 509 Chapter 2: Managing Windows Server 2016.................... 513 Using the Administrator Account............................................................... 513 Using Remote Desktop Connection............................................................ 514 Enabling remote access..................................................................... 514 Connecting remotely.......................................................................... 515 Using Microsoft Management Console...................................................... 517 Working with MMC............................................................................. 517 Taking an overview of the MMC consoles....................................... 518 Customizing MMC......................................................................................... 520 Adding snap‐ins................................................................................... 521 Adding taskpads................................................................................. 521 Chapter 3: Dealing with Active Directory....................... 529 What Directories Do..................................................................................... 529 Remembering the Good Ol’ Days of NT Domains..................................... 530 PDCs and BDCs................................................................................... 530 Trusts................................................................................................... 531 NetBIOS names.................................................................................... 531 xx Networking All-in-One For Dummies Active Directory to the Rescue................................................................... 532 Understanding How Active Directory Is Structured................................ 532 Objects................................................................................................. 532 Domains............................................................................................... 533 Organizational units........................................................................... 534 Trees..................................................................................................... 535 Forests.................................................................................................. 535 Creating a New Domain................................................................................ 536 Creating an Organizational Unit................................................................. 537 Chapter 4: Managing Windows User Accounts................. 541 Understanding Windows User Accounts................................................... 541 Local accounts versus domain accounts......................................... 541 User account properties.................................................................... 542 Creating a New User..................................................................................... 542 Setting User Properties................................................................................ 545 Changing the user’s contact information........................................ 546 Setting account options..................................................................... 546 Specifying logon hours....................................................................... 548 Restricting access to certain computers......................................... 549 Setting the user’s profile information.............................................. 549 Resetting User Passwords........................................................................... 550 Disabling and Enabling User Accounts...................................................... 551 Deleting a User.............................................................................................. 552 Working with Groups................................................................................... 552 Group types......................................................................................... 553 Group scope........................................................................................ 553 Default groups..................................................................................... 554 Creating a group................................................................................. 556 Adding a member to a group............................................................. 557 Working with User Profiles.......................................................................... 558 Types of user profiles......................................................................... 559 Roaming profiles................................................................................. 559 Creating a Logon Script............................................................................... 561 Chapter 5: Managing a File Server............................. 563 Understanding Permissions........................................................................ 563 Understanding Shares.................................................................................. 565 Managing Your File Server.......................................................................... 566 Using the New Share Wizard............................................................. 566 Sharing a folder without the wizard................................................. 572 Granting permissions......................................................................... 573 Chapter 6: Using Group Policy................................ 577 Understanding Group Policy....................................................................... 577 Enabling Group Policy Management on Windows Server 2016.............. 578  Table of Contents xxi Creating Group Policy Objects................................................................... 579 Filtering Group Policy Objects.................................................................... 585 Chapter 7: Troubleshooting................................... 589 Working with the Event Viewer.................................................................. 589 Using the Event Viewer...................................................................... 589 Setting event log policies................................................................... 591 Monitoring Performance.............................................................................. 592 Using the Reliability and Performance Monitor............................. 592 Creating performance logs................................................................ 595 Using the Computer Management Console............................................... 598 Working with Services................................................................................. 599 Chapter 8: Windows Commands............................... 601 Using a Command Window......................................................................... 601 Opening and closing a command window....................................... 602 Editing commands.............................................................................. 602 Using the Control menu..................................................................... 603 Special Command Tricks............................................................................. 603 Wildcards............................................................................................. 603 Chaining commands........................................................................... 604 Redirection and piping....................................................................... 605 Environment variables....................................................................... 606 Batch files............................................................................................ 607 The EventCreate Command........................................................................ 608 Net Commands.............................................................................................. 609 The Net Accounts command............................................................. 610 The Net Computer command............................................................ 611 The Net Config command.................................................................. 611 The Net Continue command.............................................................. 612 The Net File command....................................................................... 612 The Net Group command.................................................................. 613 The Net Help command..................................................................... 615 The Net Helpmsg command.............................................................. 615 The Net Localgroup command.......................................................... 615 The Net Name command................................................................... 617 The Net Pause command................................................................... 617 The Net Print command..................................................................... 618 The Net Send command..................................................................... 619 The Net Session command................................................................ 620 The Net Share command................................................................... 620 The Net Start command..................................................................... 621 The Net Statistics command............................................................. 622 The Net Stop command..................................................................... 623 The Net Time command..................................................................... 623 xxii Networking All-in-One For Dummies The Net Use command....................................................................... 624 The Net User command..................................................................... 625 The Net View command..................................................................... 627 The RunAs Command.................................................................................. 627 Book VIII: Using Other Windows Servers..................... 629 Chapter 1: Using Internet Information Services................. 631 Installing IIS................................................................................................... 631 Understanding the Default Website........................................................... 634 Creating Websites......................................................................................... 636 Chapter 2: Managing Exchange Server 2016.................... 641 Creating a Mailbox........................................................................................ 641 Managing Mailboxes..................................................................................... 644 Enabling mailbox features................................................................. 644 Creating a forwarder.......................................................................... 645 Setting mailbox storage limits........................................................... 647 Configuring Outlook for Exchange............................................................. 651 Viewing Another Mailbox............................................................................ 654 Chapter 3: Using SQL Server 2014............................. 659 What Is a Database?..................................................................................... 659 What Is a Relational Database?................................................................... 660 What Is SQL?.................................................................................................. 661 SQL dialects......................................................................................... 661 SQL statements................................................................................... 662 Using the select statement................................................................ 662 Using SQL Server 2014 Management Studio.............................................. 664 Creating a New Database............................................................................. 665 Creating Tables............................................................................................. 667 Editing Tables............................................................................................... 670 Working with Queries.................................................................................. 671 Working with Scripts.................................................................................... 672 Book IX: Managing Linux Systems.............................. 675 Chapter 1: Installing a Linux Server............................ 677 Planning a Linux Server Installation........................................................... 677 Checking system requirements........................................................ 677 Choosing a distribution..................................................................... 678 Going virtual........................................................................................ 680 Deciding on your TCP/IP configuration........................................... 680 Installing Fedora 22...................................................................................... 680  Table of Contents xxiii Chapter 2: Getting Used to Linux.............................. 689 Linux: It Isn’t Windows................................................................................. 689 X Window............................................................................................. 689 Virtual consoles.................................................................................. 690 Understanding the file system.......................................................... 690 On Again, Off Again...................................................................................... 692 Logging on........................................................................................... 692 Logging off........................................................................................... 693 Shutting down..................................................................................... 693 Using GNOME................................................................................................ 693 Getting to a Command Shell........................................................................ 694 Enabling the SUDO Command..................................................................... 695 Managing User Accounts............................................................................. 697 Chapter 3: Basic Linux Network Configuration.................. 701 Using the Network Configuration Program............................................... 701 Restarting Your Network............................................................................. 704 Working with Network Configuration Files............................................... 704 The Network file.................................................................................. 705 The ifcfg files....................................................................................... 706 The Hosts file....................................................................................... 707 The resolv.conf file............................................................................. 708 The nsswitch.conf file........................................................................ 708 The xinetd.conf file............................................................................. 710 Displaying Your Network Configuration with the ifconfig Command...................................................................... 711 Chapter 4: Running DHCP and DNS............................ 713 Running a DHCP Server................................................................................ 713 Installing DHCP.................................................................................... 714 Configuring DHCP............................................................................... 714 Starting DHCP...................................................................................... 716 Running a DNS Server.................................................................................. 716 Installing BIND..................................................................................... 716 Looking at BIND configuration files.................................................. 717 Restarting BIND................................................................................... 721 Chapter 5: Doing the Samba Dance............................ 723 Understanding Samba.................................................................................. 723 Installing Samba............................................................................................ 724 Starting and Stopping Samba...................................................................... 725 Using the Samba Server Configuration Tool............................................. 726 Configuring server settings............................................................... 727 Configuring Samba users................................................................... 729 Creating a share.................................................................................. 730 Editing the smb.conf File............................................................................. 732 Using the Samba Client................................................................................ 734 xxiv Networking All-in-One For Dummies Chapter 6: Running Apache................................... 737 Installing Apache.......................................................................................... 737 Starting and Stopping Apache.................................................................... 737 Confirming That Apache Is Running.......................................................... 738 Using the HTTP Configuration Tool........................................................... 740 Allowing or Restricting Access to an Apache Server............................... 741 Configuring Virtual Hosts............................................................................ 742 Configuring the default host.............................................................. 743 Creating a virtual host........................................................................ 745 Manually Editing Apache’s Configuration Files........................................ 746 Creating Web Pages...................................................................................... 747 Chapter 7: Running Sendmail................................. 749 Understanding Email.................................................................................... 749 Installing Sendmail....................................................................................... 750 Modifying sendmail.mc................................................................................ 751 Enabling connections......................................................................... 752 Enabling masquerading...................................................................... 752 Setting up aliases................................................................................ 753 Using SpamAssassin..................................................................................... 753 Installing SpamAssassin..................................................................... 753 Customizing SpamAssassin............................................................... 754 Blacklisting and whitelisting email addresses................................ 755 Using the Mail Console Client..................................................................... 755 Using Evolution............................................................................................. 757 Chapter 8: Running FTP...................................... 759 Installing vsftpd............................................................................................ 759 Starting the vsftpd Service.......................................................................... 759 Configuring FTP............................................................................................ 760 Chapter 9: Linux Commands.................................. 765 Command Shell Basics................................................................................. 765 Getting to a shell................................................................................. 766 Editing commands.............................................................................. 767 Wildcards............................................................................................. 767 Redirection and piping....................................................................... 768 Environment variables....................................................................... 768 Shell scripts......................................................................................... 769 Running a command with root‐level privileges.............................. 770 Directory‐ and File‐Handling Commands................................................... 770 The pwd command............................................................................. 771 The cd command................................................................................ 771  Table of Contents xxv The mkdir command.......................................................................... 771 The rmdir command........................................................................... 772 The ls command.................................................................................. 772 The cp command................................................................................ 773 The rm command................................................................................ 774 The mv command............................................................................... 775 The touch command.......................................................................... 775 The cat command............................................................................... 776 Commands for Working with Packages and Services.............................. 777 The service command........................................................................ 777 The yum and dnf commands............................................................. 779 Commands for Administering Users.......................................................... 779 The useradd command...................................................................... 779 The usermod command..................................................................... 781 The userdel command....................................................................... 781 The chage command.......................................................................... 781 The passwd command....................................................................... 782 The newusers command.................................................................... 782 The groupadd command................................................................... 783 The groupdel command..................................................................... 783 The gpasswd command..................................................................... 783 Commands for Managing Ownership and Permissions........................... 784 The chown command......................................................................... 784 The chgrp command.......................................................................... 785 The chmod command........................................................................ 785 Networking Commands................................................................................ 786 The hostname command................................................................... 787 The ifconfig command........................................................................ 787 The netstat command........................................................................ 788 The ping command............................................................................. 789 The route command........................................................................... 790 The traceroute command.................................................................. 791 Appendix A: Directory of Useful Websites.................... 793 Certification................................................................................................... 793 Hardware....................................................................................................... 793 Home and Small‐Business Networking...................................................... 794 Linux............................................................................................................... 794 Magazines...................................................................................................... 795 Microsoft........................................................................................................ 795 Network Standards Organizations............................................................. 796 xxvi Networking All-in-One For Dummies Reference....................................................................................................... 797 Search............................................................................................................ 797 TCP/IP and the Internet............................................................................... 798 Wireless Networking.................................................................................... 799 Smartphones................................................................................................. 799 Appendix B: Glossary................................................. 801 Index........................................................................ 829 Introduction W elcome to the sixth edition of Networking All‐in‐One For Dummies, the one networking book that’s designed to replace an entire shelf full of the dull and tedious networking books you’d otherwise have to buy. This book contains all the basic and not‐so‐basic information you need to know to get a network up and running and to stay on top of the network as it grows, develops problems, and encounters trouble. If you’re just getting started as a network administrator, this book is ideal. As a network administrator, you have to know about a lot of different topics: installing and configuring network hardware and software, planning a ­network, working with TCP/IP, securing your network, working with mobile devices, virtualizing your servers, backing up your data, managing cloud ­services, and many others. You can,