National Decision Making Model - NDM PDF

National Decision Making Model - NDM 19 December 2024 08:36   Trainer: PAUL BAIN     Code of ethics: - Policing principals - Standards of professional behaviour   **Gather information and intelligence:** - What is happening? - What do I know so far? - What do I want / need to...

National Decision Making Model - NDM 19 December 2024 08:36   Trainer: PAUL BAIN     Code of ethics: - Policing principals - Standards of professional behaviour   **Gather information and intelligence:** - What is happening? - What do I know so far? - What do I want / need to know?   **Assess threat and risk and develop a working strategy:** - Do I need to take action immediately? - Do I need to seek more information? - How probable is the risk of harm? / How serious would it be? - Is the level of risk acceptable? - Is this a situation for the police alone to deal with? - Am I the appropriate person to deal with this? - Develop a working strategy; what am I trying to achieve?   Threat assessments: - High risk It is already happening and the risk is seen   - Unknown   Profiled offender behaviour: 1. Compliance 2. Verbal resistance and gestures 3. Passive resistance 4. Active resistance 5. Aggressive resistance 6. Seriously aggravated resistance   Subject Impact Factors - Sex, age, size - Strength - Skill level - Exhaustion - Injury of subject - Number of subject - Special knowledge of subject - Alcohol consumed by subject - Drugs taken by subject - State of subject\'s mental health - Subject\'s physiology - Subject\'s perception of the non-verbal behaviour of the officer - Subject\'s perception of imminent danger - Subject being in position of perceived disadvantage - Subject\'s perception of the officer\'s level of force Danger signs - Fists clenching / unclenching - A change in facial colour - Lips tightening over the teeth - Head dropping to protect the throat - Hands rising above the waist - Shoulders tensing - Stance changing from square to side on (fighting stance) - Glancing at intended target areas - Lowering of entire body before launching an attack   P - O - P - Person / Object / Place   Betaris box                           THRIVE   T - Threat H - Harm R - Risk I - Investigation V - Vulnerability E - Engagement   **Powers and policies** - Is there any national guidance covering this type of situation? - Do any local organisational policies or guidelines apply? - What legislation might apply?   Relevant legislation - Human rights act 1998 Article 2 - Right to life Article 3 - Prohibition from torture, inhumane or degrading treatment Article 8 - Right to respect for private and family life   PLAN P - Proportionate L - Legal A - Accountable N - Necessary   - Section 3 of the criminal law act 1967 A person may use such force as is reasonable in the circumstances, in the prevention of crime or in the effective or assisting in the lawful arrest of offenders or suspected offenders at large.   - Common law If a breach of the peace is being committed - when harm is done or likely to be done to a person, is in fear of being harmed, through assault, affray, riot or disturbance or in their presence to their property.   Honest held belief if you or another are in imminent danger you may use such force as is necessary. Recognises the right of a person to protect themselves and act in the defence of others. If no more force than reasonable is used to repel an attack then it is not unlawful and no crime has been committed.   A person about to be attached does not have to wait for their assailant to strike the first blow. Circumstances may justify a pre-emptive attack. R v Beckford 1998.   - Sec 117 PACE 1984 Allows a \'constable\' to used reasonable force if necessary under the execution of PACE powers.   **Identify options and contingencies** **Tactical options - Three officer response options** - Presence - Communication - Defensive and offensive skills   **Take action and review what happened** - Does anyone else need to know what you have decided? - When would you inform supervision? - Who needs to know if force is used and a subject is arrested and taken into Custody - If appropriate - record what you did and why - Record on use of force form + custody log and before end of shift - What lessons have been learns and what would you do the same of differently next time? **Experiential Leaning Cycle**   What? - So what? - Now what?                      My attitude  Your Behaviour My Behaviour  Your attitude