Music of Japan PDF

MUSIC OF JAPAN PRESENTED BY: GROUP 1  KOTO LIST OF TAIKO TSURIDAIKO CONTENTS O DAIKO TSUZUMI SHAMISEN BIWA SHAKUHACHI NOKAN HICHIRIKI SHO SHINOBUE RYUTEKI Introduction Wit...

MUSIC OF JAPAN PRESENTED BY: GROUP 1  KOTO LIST OF TAIKO TSURIDAIKO CONTENTS O DAIKO TSUZUMI SHAMISEN BIWA SHAKUHACHI NOKAN HICHIRIKI SHO SHINOBUE RYUTEKI Introduction With one of the longest and most complex histories of any country on earth, Japan’s colors, sights, and traditions have fascinated visitors for thousands of years. As a country, it’s a fascinating look at old-meets-new; Japan holds strong to its traditions and roots while still making room for innovation and new trends.  TOKYO INTERMISSION!! APAN RA OF J SAKU TRADIT SONG IONAL SAK URA  WHAT IS SAKURA SAKURA? Sakura is an ancient Japanese children's song." (さくら さ くら, "Cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms"), also known as "Sakura", is a traditional Japanese folk song depicting spring, the season of cherry blossoms. It is often sung in international settings as a song representative of Japan.It is traditionally accompanied by a koto (a long 13-stringed instrument) or a shamisen (a 3-stringed lute) and various gongs, drums, and bells. This is a musical visit to a culture quite different from our own.  MUSIC OF JAPAN Japanese vocal music is based the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical timing Japanese musicians show their spiritual self-mastery in mastering his or her instrument more than simply perfecting a technique They give value to their performance and composure.  MUSIC OF JAPAN HOGAKU - traditional music base. the early Chinese and Buddhist music. SHIMYO - chants made on religious hymns created by Buddhists. YO-SEN - hard mode IN-SEN - soft mode (Each has 7 tones but only 5 are used)  The koto, a type of Japanese zither, KOTO is the most popular Japanese musical instrument. The character [ 琴 ], read as ‘ koto’ , is used to refer to the Japanese zither. The koto was introduced from China, and as a standard, has 13 strings. Aside from the standard 13 string koto there is also a 7 string kin (chinese “qin”) and a 6 string koto called yamatogoto or wagon. KO T O  TAIKO Taiko may simply mean "drum" or "the art of Japanese drumming" in Japanese, but these wooden, barrel-shaped instruments symbolise the powerful, rhythmic and dynamic energy of Japanese percussion. Taiko have played an important role in many local festivals across Japan. They are also used to accompany religious ritual music. In kagura, a category of music and dances stemming from Shinto practices, taiko frequently appear alongside TAIKO other performers during local festivals.  TSURIDAIKO The tsuri-daiko (kanji: 釣り太 It is hung from a round tama-form stand 鼓; also called gaku-daiko made by lacquered wood, and a wooden (kanji: 楽太鼓)) is a large gilt gold painted attachment in the shape Japanese hanging drum. It is of a flame is mounted on top. The word played with two mallets on tsuri means ‘suspended’ and daiko/taiko one side only. It is used is a generic term for drum/s. primarily in bugaku This double-headed cowhide drum is orchestra. played on one side only and the skin heads are painted and tacked on. On the one side is painted a dragon and on the other side is painted the mitsudomoe design in gold. This drum is used primarily O in a bugaku orchestra. IDAIK TSUR  O DAIKO The Odaiko is a large Japanese barrel-shaped drum. Taut skins are stretched across each end of the body, though usually only one end is struck. It sometimes rests on a stand and is played with two sticks whose ends may be padded. The odaiko is used as a bass drum in many styles of Japanese music, especially in the theater and for some types of festive dances. DAIKO O  TSUZUMI In kabuki music kotsuzumi is simply referred to as tsuzumi and ōtsuzumi is called ōkawa. Both consist of a wooden body tucked between two skins stretched over iron rings, held together by a cord, shirabe, that is attached to each ring. Kotsuzumi are held in the left hand by the shirabe and rested on the right shoulder. By altering the grip on the shirabe while striking the front skin with the right hand, a variety of tones can be produced. Ōtsuzumi on the other hand have skins that are dried out before being tightly tied together and also are held on the players left side and struck with the right hand. While only producing one kind of high pitched sound, the key can be varied through altering the volume and timbre. Tsuzumi are struck percussion instruments used in noh and kabuki music and broadly MI categorised into TSUZU kotsuzumi and ōtsuzumi.  SHAMISEN Shamisen-The shamisen (三味線), also known as sangen (三絃) or samisen (all meaning "three strings"), is a three-stringed traditional Japanese musical instrument derived from the Chinese instrument sanxian. It is played with a plectrum called a bachi.The Japanese pronunciation is usually shamisen but sometimes jamisen when used as a suffix, according to regular sound change (e.g. tsugaru-jamisen). In Western Japanese dialects and several Edo period sources, it is both written and pronounced as samisen. The construction of the shamisen varies in shape, depending on the genre in which it is used. The instrument used to accompany kabuki has a thin neck, facilitating the agile and virtuosic requirements of that genre. The one used to accompany puppet plays and folk songs has a longer and thicker neck instead, to match the more MISEN SHA robust music of those genres.  BIWA Japanese short-necked lute, distinguished by its graceful, pear-shaped body. The biwa has a shallow, rounded back and silk strings (usually four or five) attached to slender lateral pegs. BIWA The instrument is played with a large wedge-shaped plectrum called a bachi.  SHAKUHACHI Shakuhachi, a Japanese end-blown bamboo flute that was originally derived from the Chinese xiao in the 8th century. The shakuhachi’s blowing end is cut obliquely outward, and a small piece of ivory or bone is inserted at the edge so that subtle varieties of tone colour can be produced. The bell (flared end) consists of the trunk of the SHAKUHACHI bamboo plant with its root ends. The body is naturally or artificially bent above the bell for aesthetic reasons.  NOKAN The nokan or fue’ (flute) is a transverse bamboo flute with 7 finger holes on the front. Inside the bamboo tapering conical bore tube is an interior coating of tempera paint, used to preserve and keep it from cracking. The nokan is also bound with thin lacquered strips of twisted cherry bark (kabamaki). It is played by blowing across the oval embouchure hole on the front that is in-line with the finger holes. The pitch range of the nokan is over two octaves. The nokan is played in the Japanese ‘Noh’ theatre, in addition to Japanese dance music (nagauta), offstage music of the kabuki theatre (geza) and various folk music. The nokan resembles the ryuteki in many ways, especially from the outer appearance, the bark wrapping, the lacquered bore, and the internal metal weight above the embouchure hole. A major difference and the most distinctive feature is the nodo (‘throat’), a short tube inserted in the bore between the embouchure-hole and the nearest finger-hole of the nokan. According to David W. Hughes, it causes the overblown octave to be sharp at the lower end and flat at the top.  HICHIRIKI The hichiriki is a double-reed aerophone of Japan The hichiriki (篳篥) is a double reed Japanese fue (flute) used as one of two main melodic instruments in gagaku music. It is one of the "sacred" instruments and is often heard at Shinto weddings in Japan. The reed (shita), being broad and thick, is placed in a widened end of the pipe, thus giving the hichiriki an external conical shape, although the pipe is cylindrical. The musician uses a loose HICHIRIKI but controlled embouchure (lip position) and delicate finger movements to create its rich, fluid melodic style.  SHO It is a Japanese free reed musical instrument that was introduced from China during the Nara" period. SHO  SHINOBUE Shinobue is a Japanese side-blown bamboo flute that has a high-pitched sound. Traditionally shinobue is an important part of the music of festivals, folk songs, Shinto ritual, and theater performances of kabuki and Noh Shinobue is a Japanese side-blown bamboo flute that has a high-pitched sound. Traditionally shinobue is an important part of the music of festivals, folk songs, Shinto ritual, and theater SHINOBUE performances of kabuki and Noh.  RYUTEKI The ryūteki is a seven-holed transverse flute made of bamboo. It is approximately 40 cm long (16 inches). The inside of the bamboo is hollow and lacquered, and the outside is wrapped with strands of bark. The first three holes are assigned to the left hand fingers and the last four to the right hand. The embouchure is similar to a RYUTEKI Western transverse flute. It is approximately 1.3 cm (0.5 inch) wide.  music of japan The origin and materials of Thus, people in Arctic Regions use any musical bones, skin and instrument has something stone for their musical to do with the culture instruments, while residents in and practices of the people the tropical areas have wood and bamboo and some on a certain area made societies utilize their available with the availability of malleable materials common materials around made of metals to construct their them in a certain period of musical time. instruments. The types of instruments are classified by the method of how it produces sound and the way it is played. The following are the major types of musical instruments. Percussion Instruments Stringed Instruments Wind Instruments  MaJOR TYPES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Percussion Instruments These are musical instruments that are sounded by striking, scraping, rubbing or by beating with the use of beater such as bass drum, snare drum, cymbal, and xylophone. Idiophones are considered part of the percussion section in an orchestra. These instruments are those in which different notes can be sounded by pressing parallel levers. Examples are triangles and bells.  MaJOR TYPES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Stringed Instruments (Chordophones) are instruments that produce sound when strings are vibrating or when the player pluck, sound the string in some manner. Examples are guitar, cello, and violin.  MaJOR TYPES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Wind Instruments (Aerophones) are instruments that have resonators in which the flow of air is set into vibration by the player blowing into a mouthpiece set at or near the end of resonator. Examples are flute, trumpet, and clarinet  Test your knowledge! Sho Taiko  Test your knowledge! HICHIRIKI KOTO  Test your knowledge! RYUTEKI TSUZUMI QUIZ!! True or false Identification “Music is your own experience, your thoughts, your wisdom. If you don’t live it, it won’t come out of your horn.” — Charlie Parker Thank you for listening!