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MUSIC REVIEWER 1ST QUARTER Instruments: LESSON 1 Khoem - 35 horizontal string instrument SOUTHEAST ASIAN MUSIC Ta Khe - 3 h...

MUSIC REVIEWER 1ST QUARTER Instruments: LESSON 1 Khoem - 35 horizontal string instrument SOUTHEAST ASIAN MUSIC Ta Khe - 3 horizontal string instrument Music greatly influenced the lives of the people in Southeast Asia as depicted in Tro - vertical string instrument their daily living. Related to ceremonies connected to beliefs, Skor Dai - small drum state and community affairs. Musical division exists between urban and Khloy - recorder rural areas. Has many musical styles related to culture Chhoeng - similar to Chhing reflected through timbre, rhythm, melody, texture and style INDONESIA CAMBODIA Archipelago comprising 17, 500 islands One of the most beautiful countries in Indonesian music was enriched with Southeast Asia. interactions with other cultures such as Also known as KAMPUCHEA Indian, Arabic, Chinese and European Music has always been part of their dances, leading to a wider range of musical styles. plays, religious events and is accompanied Its contemporary music has reached by an orchestra. countries outside its boundaries. There are 2 ensembles in Cambodia; PINPEAT ENSEMBLE & MOHORY GAMELA/GAMELAN ENSEMBLE/ORCHESTRA ENSEMBLE Indonesian ensemble composed of 50 to 80 PINPEAT ENSEMBLE instruments. Accompany shadow puppet plays and Accompanies ceremonial music of royal other major events like special ceremonies courts and temples and weddings. ➔ Music is always part of their court Instruments: dances, masked plays, shadow Metallophones - metal xylophones plays, and religious ceremonies. Stringed and percussion instruments, to accompany dances, praying to God or Saron - seven bronze keys - no resonators spirit, and other ceremonies. - played with hard mallets Instruments: Oneath - Metal or bamboo xylophone Gender - bamboo resonators, played with soft mallets Kongvong - Percussion instruments - gong circles Slentem - similar to Gender but has lesser keys Skor Thom - Very big drum Bonangs - small bronze kettles - struck by a pair of long sticks Samphor - big drum Gambang - xylophone with hardwood Sro Lai - big recorder bars - struck by sticks made of Chhing - finger cymbals buffalo Suling - bamboo flute MOHORY ENSEMBLE Rehab - two - string fiddle of Arab Stringed instruments origin Used to accompany dance, theater, Celempung - 26 strings organized in 13 wedding and other ceremonies pairs Gongs Kenong, ketuk, kempul MUSIC REVIEWER 1ST QUARTER Maung Hsaing - larger bronze gongs in a rectangular frame 2 types of drums: Pat Waing - 21 drums in a circle Kendang - beaten by hand Bedug - drum struck with a stick Kyi Waing - small bronze gongs Popular gamelans in the country are: SAUNG GAUK JAVANESE GAMELAN - used in court music ➔ National instrument of Burma BALINESE GAMELAN - plays sacred music ➔ Very ancient harp tradition ➔ Only surviving harp in Asia TWO BASIC KINDS OF INDONESIAN MUSIC ➔ Usually played during formal occasions SCALE MALAYSIA SLENDRO - five equidistant tones in an octave PELOG - heptatonic (7) tone scale with semitone Multi-ethnic and multi-cultural land with Chinese, Indians and indigenous people Both vocal and instrumental music uses who share a unique cultural identity. slendro and pelog scales. Its music may be categorized as: ➔ Polyphonic Stratification, kind of ➔ Classical and folk - vocal, dance melody is a result of and theatrical music which emerged hocket/interlock during the pre-colonial period. ➔ Interlocking, common technique ➔ Syncretic (acculturated) - music used in gong ensemble influenced by other cultures ➔ Irama, Indonesian term for tempo including Arabian, Persian, Indian, Chinese and other Western LESSON 2 countries. MYANMAR MUSICAL ENSEMBLE Formerly known as BURMA AGUNG AND KULINTANG - ensemble composed Has more than 100 ethnic groups of small, horizontally laid gongs accompanied by Its traditional music is an indispensable larger suspended gongs and drums used in factor in the spiritual life of its people. funerals and weddings. Burmese music emphasizes inner melody whose SILAT MELAYU - combative art of self-defense music sounds are richly theatrical. Musical - dance and music designed to strike assaults instruments are categorized into two namely: like t’ai chi accompanied by gongs, drums, ANYIENT: played in concerts and Indian oboes. ➔ Traditional BURMESE entertainment form that combines KERTOK - xylophones played in traditional Malay dance with instrumental music, events. song, comedy routines in theatrical performances DIKIR BARAT - performs choral singing with or HSAING - WAING: played for orchestra without percussion instrumental ➔ Myanmar’s traditional folk accompaniment ensemble. - Style of Malay choral singing popular in ➔ Made up mainly of gongs and Singapore and Malaysia. drums and other instruments - Incorporates singing, poetry, movement depending on the nature of the and music. performance. - Form of entertainment that cuts across various segments of society. Instruments: Hne - double - reed pipe Chauk Lon Pat - 8 tuned drums MUSIC REVIEWER 1ST QUARTER LESSON 3 THAILAND MAHORI - played by court women which prefer small-sized instruments combined from PIPHAT and KHRUEANGSAI. Also called, “Muang Thai” which means - At present, a regular-sized instrument is “Land of the Free” used, three string SAW SAMSAI FIDDLE. Music is theoretically based on the five-tone or seven-tone scale system. LESSON 4 Not only confined to the royal courts but is also used in dance, theater and LAOS ceremonies. Thai folk music consists of simple songs Music of Laos includes the music of the with simple melodic lines. Lao people, Tai ethnic group, and other the main focus in singing is the ethnic groups living in Laos. articulation of the text rather than the style Has similarities with the traditional music of or technique of execution. Thailand and Cambodia, including the Two popular styles of traditional Thai names of instruments, influences and music “Lukthung” & “Mor Lam” developments. During Buddhist Holidays, performances 3 MUSICAL ENSEMBLES of Laotian music can be observed. The term “LAO” is derived from “PENGLAODEUM” which refers to the PIPHAT - hard and padded mallet on occasions traditional songs that describe royal court like funerals, cremation and holding of SHADOW music. PUPPETRY Songs are influenced by ancient Khmer traditions and mountainous ethnic groups. Instruments: KHONGWONG - gong circles 2 MUSICAL ENSEMBLE RENAT - Thai xylophones SEP NYAI - instruments that are percussive; similar to Thai’s Piphat. KLONG - different kinds of drums KLUI - recorder SEP NOI - uses khene which is a mouth organ made of bamboo; similar to Thai’s Mahori. DIDDLEY BOW - large single-stringed instrument that sounds like a LESSON 5 bass VIETNAM KAEN - reed mouth organ Because of Chinese colonization of the PICNAI - oboe-like instrument country for ten years, Vietnamese music and its instruments were mostly of Chinese origin. KHRUEANGSAI - percussion and wind Major categories of music in Vietnam: instruments for indoor performances used to ➔ Imperial Court Music - to honor accompany the stick-puppet theater. Gods and scholars in temples. ➔ Folk Music - theaters, streets, Instruments: courtship rituals, and ceremonies for invoking spirits. SAW DUANG - high-pitched two-stringed ➔ Religious and Ceremonial Music - bowed lute sang in religious rituals or funerals SAW U - low-pitched bowed lute 3 MAIN STYLES OF MUSIC JAKHE - three - string plucked zither HUE STYLE - solo musical pieces KHLUI - vertical fipple flute accompanied by moon lute, small drum, tongs, cymbals and flute. Goblet Drum - thon-rammana NORTHERN PROFESSIONAL STYLE - - small hammered Chinese usually accompanied by lute. dulcimer SOUTHERN AMATEUR STYLE - more of western instruments such as violins and Hawaiian guitars. MUSIC REVIEWER 1ST QUARTER LESSON 6 SINGAPORE Due to British Empire colonization, Singapore’s culture and population are highly influenced by Western way of life. Influenced by Chinese, Indian Malays, Tamils, and other minority Asian ethnic groups. TWO TYPES OF ORCHESTRA: SINGAPORE SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA - playing music with Western influence. SINGAPORE CHINESE ORCHESTRA - ethnic music with Malay and Indian influence. TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS ➔ KULINTANG ➔ KOMPANG ➔ ANGKLUNG ➔ GAMELAN INSTRUMENTS SONGS FROM DIFFERENT COUNTRIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 1. BURUNG KAKA TUA 2. RASA SAYANG 3. CHAN MALI CHAN 4. LOI LO KRATHONG