Muscle Table Upper Extremity PDF

Upper Extremity Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action Notes Trapezius 1. Medial part of 1. Lateral part of Motor from 1. Acting as a Most superior nuchal line the clavicle spinal portion...

Upper Extremity Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action Notes Trapezius 1. Medial part of 1. Lateral part of Motor from 1. Acting as a Most superior nuchal line the clavicle spinal portion of whole, trapezius superficial 2. Ligamentum 2. Acromion accessory nerve rotates scapula layer of nuchae (an 3. Spine of the (CN XI) upward superficial expansion of the scapula 2. Acting back muscles supraspinous individually, ligament) a. Upper trap: Nerve runs on 3. Thoracic spinous rotates scapula deep side of processes upward muscle with 4. Supraspinous b. Middle trap: superficial ligament retracts (adducts) branch of scapula transverse c. Lower trap: cervical artery depresses and upwardly rotates scapula Latissimus 1. Spinous processes Floor of bicipital Thoracodorsal 1. Shoulder Most Dorsi of T7-T12 groove of nerve (from extension superficial 2. Lumbar humerus brachial plexus) 2. Shoulder layer of aponeurosis internal rotation superficial (thoracolumbar 3. Shoulder back muscles fascia) adduction 3. Crest of ilium 4. Can also 4. Lower 3 or 4 ribs contribute to 5. Inferior angle of scapular scapula depression and retraction (adduction) Levator Transverse Vertebral border Dorsal scapular 1. Elevation of Intermediate Scapulae processes of C1-C4 between the nerve scapula layer of spine and the 2. Downward superficial superior angle rotation of scapula back muscles of scapula Rhomboid Spinous processes of Vertebral border Dorsal scapular 1. Downward Intermediate Minor C7 and T1 of scapula at nerve rotation of scapula layer of base of spine 2. Retraction superficial (adduction) of back muscles scapula 3. Elevation of Nerve lies on scapula deep surface with deep branch of transverse cervical artery Rhomboid Spinous processes Vertebral border Dorsal scapular 1. Downward Intermediate Major T2-T5 of scapula nerve rotation of scapula layer of below rhomboid 2. Retraction superficial minor to the (adduction) of back muscles inferior angle scapula 3. Elevation of scapula Serratus Spinous processes of Upper ribs Intercostal Assists in lifting Deepest layer Posterior C7-T2 nerves T2-T5 ribs in inspiration of superficial Superior (ventral rami) back muscles Serratus Spinous processes Lower ribs Intercostal Unclear, may hold Deepest layer Posterior T11-L2 nerves T9-T12 lower ribs down of superficial Inferior (ventral rami) during inspiration back muscles Serratus Digitations from ribs 1. Vertebral Long thoracic 1. Scapula Scapular Anterior 1-8 border on costal nerve protraction winging if surface of (abduction) serratus scapula 2. Rotates scapula anterior 2. Inferior angle (glenoid) upward denervated of scapula Important in scapulohumer al rhythm Deltoid 1. Lower margin of Deltoid Axillary nerve 1. Acting as a scapular spine tuberosity of whole, deltoid 2. Acromion humerus stabilizes 3. Lower margin of glenohumeral (GH) lateral 1/3 of clavicle joint 2. Acting individually, a. Anterior fibers: shoulder flexion and horizontal adduction b. Middle fibers: shoulder abduction c. Posterior fibers: shoulder extension and horizontal abduction Subscapularis Costal surface of Lesser tubercle Upper and lower 1. Stabilizes GH Rotator cuff scapula (subscapular of humerus subscapular joint muscle fossa) nerves 2. Shoulder internal rotation Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa Superior facet of Suprascapular 1. Stabilizes GH Rotator cuff greater tubercle nerve joint muscle of humerus 2. Shoulder abduction 3. Depresses humeral head during abduction Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa Middle facet of Suprascapular 1. Stabilizes GH Rotator cuff greater tubercle nerve joint muscle 2. Shoulder external rotation Teres Minor Lateral border of Lower facet of Axillary nerve 1. Stabilizes joint Rotator cuff scapula, above teres greater tubercle 2. Shoulder muscle major external rotation Teres Major Lower lateral border Medial lip of Lower 1. Shoulder of scapula, as far as bicipital groove subscapular internal rotation inferior angle nerve 2. Shoulder adduction 3. Shoulder extension Coracobrachi Coracoid process Middle shaft of Musculocutaneo 1. Shoulder flexion Anterior alis humerus us nerve 2. Shoulder compartment adduction Musculocutan eous nerve pierces coracobrachia lis muscle belly Biceps Brachii 1. Short head: Radial Musculocutaneo 1. Elbow flexion Anterior coracoid process tuberosity us nerve 2. Forearm compartment 2. Long head: (radius) supination supraglenoid tubercle 3. Shoulder flexion Tendinous (blends with labrum, origin of long see notes) head runs in fibrous capsule of GH joint (enclosed in synovial membrane,) travels in bicipital groove, held down by transverse humeral ligament Two tendons fuse into one muscle belly Prior to insertion gives off bicipital aponeurosis medially, which fuses with deep fascia In 10% a third head can be found arising from the humerus Brachialis Lower, anterior Coronoid Musculocutaneo Elbow flexor in Anterior humerus process us nerve both supination compartment and pronation Possibly dual innervation from radial nerve Triceps 1. Long head: Olecranon Radial nerve 1. Elbow extension Posterior Brachii infraglenoid tubercle process compartment  2. Lateral head: 2. Long head can Long head posterior humerus adduct and extend runs anterior above the spiral shoulder to teres minor groove and posterior 3. Medial head: to teres major posterior humerus muscles below the spiral groove (deep) Long and lateral heads form the superficial part of the muscle Anconeous Lateral epicondyle of 1. Lateral Radial nerve Elbow extension Posterior humerus surface of compartment olecranon 2. Lateral ulna Pectoralis 1. Clavicular head: Lateral lip of Medial and 1. Shoulder Major medial 1/3 of clavicle bicipital lateral pectoral adduction 2. Sternal head: (intertubercular) nerves 2. Shoulder flexion sternum, upper 6 groove of 3. Shoulder costal cartilages humerus internal rotation 3. Aponeurosis of 1. Clavicular external oblique fibers insert lower part of groove 2. Sternal fibers insert in higher part of groove Pectoralis Ribs 2-5 (may vary) Coracoid Medial and 1. Protraction of Minor process of lateral pectoral scapula scapula nerves 2. Scapular depression Subclavius First rib Clavicle Nerve to Elevates first rib subclavius Pronator 2 heads Mid-radius Median nerve 1. Pronation of Superficial Teres 1. Medial epicondyle forearm layer (common flexor 2. Weak flexor of origin) elbow Median nerve 2. Coronoid process passes of ulna between 2 heads Flexor Carpi Medial epicondyle Base of 2nd Median nerve 1. Wrist flexion Superficial Radialis (common flexor metacarpal 2. Wrist radial layer origin) deviation (with extensor carpi radialis longus) Palmaris Medial epicondyle Palmar Median nerve Wrist flexion Superficial Longus (common flexor aponeurosis layer origin) Absent in 10% Flexor Carpi 2 heads 1. Pisiform Ulnar nerve 1. Wrist flexion Superficial Ulnaris 1. Medial epicondyle 2. Hamate 2. Ulnar deviation layer (common flexor 3. Base of 5th of wrist (with origin) metacarpal extensor carpi ulnaris)  2. Posterior border of upper ulna Flexor 2 heads 4 tendons insert Median nerve Flexes proximal Intermediate Digitorum 1. Medial epicondyle on each side of interphalangeal layer Superficialis (common flexor base of the joint origin), and coronoid middle phalanx, Tendons lie in process of ulna tendons split to a common 2. Upper radius allow profundus synovial tendon to pass sheath under through flexor retinaculum that is shared with the flexor digitorum profundus Middle and ring finger tendons are above index and little finger tendons Flexor Pollicis 1. Middle radius Base of distal Median nerve 1. Flexes distal Deep layer Longus 2. Interosseous phalanx of (anterior phalanx of thumb membrane thumb interosseous at IP joint nerve) 2. Flexes proximal phalanx of thumb at MCP joint Flexor 1. Upper 3/4 of ulna Base of distal Dual innervation Flexes distal Deep layer Digitorum 2. Interosseous phalanx 1. Median phalanx Profundus membrane nerve to muscle going to digits 2 and 3 (anterior interosseous nerve) 2. Ulnar nerve to muscle going to digits 4 and 5 Pronator Distal ulna Distal radius Median nerve Pronation of Deep layer Quadratus (anterior forearm interosseous nerve) Palmaris Hypothenar fascia Skin of ulnar Ulnar nerve 1. Moves skin Hypothenar Brevis border of the 2. Improves eminence hand contour for grip Lumbricals From radial side of Extensor hood 1. Median nerve: Flexion of MCP Pass to radial tendons of flexor (aponeurosis) lumbricals 1 and joints with side of MCP digitorum profundus 2 extension of IP joint muscle while leaving 2. Ulnar nerve: joints common tendon lumbricals 3 and sheath 4 Adductor 2 heads Base of Ulnar nerve Adduction of the Pollicis 1. Transverse from proximal thumb 3rd metacarpal phalanx of the thumb  2. Oblique from base of metacarpals 1, 2, and 3 Palmar Each has 1 head Extensor Ulnar nerve 1. Adduction and Interossei arising from the aponeurosis flexion at MCP adjacent metacarpal 2. Extension at IP 1. 1st interossei from ulnar side of 2nd metacarpal 2. 2nd interossei from radial side of 4th metacarpal 3. 3rd interossei from radial side of 5th metacarpal Dorsal Each interossei has 2 Proximal Ulnar nerve 1. Abduction and Interossei heads arising from phalanx and flexion at MCP the adjacent extensor tendon 2. Extension at IP metacarpal (hood) a. 1st interossei to radial side of index finger b. 2nd interossei to radial side of middle finger c. 3rd interossei to ulnar side of middle finger d. 4th interossei to ulnar side of ring finger Abductor 1. Distal border of Base of Recurrent Abducts thumb Thenar Pollicis Brevis flexor retinaculum proximal branch of eminence 2. Trapezium phalanx of median nerve thumb Flexor Pollicis 2 heads Base of 1. Superficial Flexes Thenar Brevis 1. Superficial head: proximal head: recurrent metacarpophalang eminence distal flexor phalanx of branch of eal (MCP) joint retinaculum and thumb median nerve trapezium 2. Deep head: 2. Deep head: ulnar nerve trapezoid Opponens 1. Flexor retinaculum 1st metacarpal Recurrent Opposition of Thenar Pollicis 2. Trapezium branch of thumb (movement eminence median nerve at carpometacarpal Covered by joint) flexor and abductor brevis muscles Abductor 1. Pisiform bone Base of Deep branch of Abducts little finger Hypothenar Digiti Minimi proximal ulnar nerve eminence  2. Adjacent tendons phalanx of little of flexor carpi ulnaris finger Flexor Digiti 1. Flexor retinaculum Proximal Deep branch of Flexes MCP joint Hypothenar Minimi Brevis 2. Hamate phalanx ulnar nerve eminence Opponens 1. Distal flexor 5th metacarpal Deep branch of Opposition of little Hypothenar Digiti Minimi retinaculum ulnar nerve finger eminence 2. Hook of hamate Covered by abductor and flexor digiti minimi muscles Brachioradiali Upper lateral Lateral radius Radial nerve 1. Flexion of s supracondylar ridge above styloid forearm in neutral of humerus process position 2. Supinates pronated forearm 3. Pronates supinated forearm Extensor Lower lateral Base of second Radial nerve 1. Wrist extension Carpi Radialis supracondylar ridge metacarpal 2. Contributes to Longus radial deviation (with flexor carpi radialis) Extensor Lateral epicondyle Base of third Deep branch of Wrist extension Carpi Radialis (common extensor metacarpal radial nerve Brevis tendon) Extensor Lateral epicondyle Extensor hood Deep branch of Extension of all Extensor hood Digitorum (common extensor radial nerve joints of the digits mechanism tendon) a. 3 or 4 tendons pass under retinaculum b. Give off intertendinous connections c. 1st and 4th tendons joined by extensor indicis tendon and tendon of extensor digiti minimi at MCP jt d. At MCP jts the tendons expand laterally to cover the joint and are joined by the insertions of the lumbricals and interossei,  forming the extensor aponeurosis (hood) e. Aponeurosis splits into 3 bands, 2 lateral and 1 central f. Central band inserts on the middle phalanx g. Lateral bands come together as one to insert on the distal phalanx Extensor Digiti Lateral epicondyle Extensor hood Deep branch of Extension of the Minimi (common extensor of 5th finger radial nerve fifth finger tendon) Extensor 2 heads Base of 5th Deep branch of 1. Wrist extension Carpi Ulnaris 1. Lateral metacarpal radial nerve 2. Ulnar deviation epicondyle (common (with flexor carpi extensor tendon) ulnaris) 2. Middle posterior ulna Supinator 1. Lateral epicondyle Upper radius Deep branch of Supinates the Radial nerve 2. Radial collateral radial nerve forearm pierces and annular through ligaments supinator 3. Supinator crest of muscle belly the ulna Abductor 1. Posterior ulna Base of the 1st Deep branch of Abducts the thumb Pollicis 2. Posterior radius metacarpal radial nerve Longus 3. Interosseous membrane Extensor 1. Distal radius Base of Deep branch of Extends thumb Pollicis Brevis 2. Interosseous proximal radial nerve MCP joint membrane phalanx of thumb Extensor 1. Posterior ulna Distal phalanx Deep branch of Extends thumb Origin lies Pollicis 2. Interosseous of thumb radial nerve between Longus membrane abductor (see notes) pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis Extensor Posterior distal ulna Extensor hood Deep branch of Extension of index Indicis of index finger radial nerve finger