Muscle Groups.ppsx

Muscle Groups Anatomy ATE 1110 Chapter 8 Objective O Discuss how muscles are named O Discuss the major muscles of the thoracic, pelvic limb their location and function O Discuss the major muscles of the abdomen, location and function O Discuss the muscles involved in respiration, function and lo...

Muscle Groups Anatomy ATE 1110 Chapter 8 Objective O Discuss how muscles are named O Discuss the major muscles of the thoracic, pelvic limb their location and function O Discuss the major muscles of the abdomen, location and function O Discuss the muscles involved in respiration, function and location O Discuss the function of the cutaneous muscles O Discuss muscles used for injection sites Names O Muscles are often named for physical characteristics: O Action O Shape O Location O Direction of fibers O Number of heads or divisions O Attachment sites Cutaneous muscles O Twitching of skin O Located in the connective tissue Head and Neck O Function: O Control facial expression O Enable chewing O Move sensory structures O Support and move the neck O Propel leg forward O Masseter muscle-chewing O Splenius-extend and raise the head O Trapezius-extend and raise the head O Brachiocephalic-extends the neck and head, pulls the front leg forward O Sternocephalic-flexes (lowers) the head and neck Thoracic Limb O Function is locomotion O Large muscles of the shoulder are: O Latissimus dorsi O large triangular ; runs from the vertebrae-humerus and it flexes the shoulder O Pectoral muscles O 4 pectoral muscles; sternum to the humerus and act as adductors, this keeps the animal from splaying O Deltoid muscles O triangular; extends lateral portion of the scapula to the down to the humerus; abducts and flexes the shoulder joint Muscles of the brachial region O Biceps brachii O extends form the scapula to the proximal end of the radius; flexes the elbow O Triceps brachii O distal scapular and proximal humerus down to the olecranon process the ulna; it extends the elbow O Extensor carpi radialis O Extends carpus O Deep digital flexor O Extends digits Pelvic Limb O Function is locomotion O Extensor muscles of the hip are: O Gluteal O extend from the pelvis to the trochanters of the femurs O Hamstring O 3 muscles, located on the back of the thigh that help extend the hip joint and the main flexors of the stifle O Biceps femoris O Semimembranosus O Semitendinosus O Quadriceps femoris O main extensor muscle of the stifle joint, helps bring the leg forward to prepare for the next stride; located on the front of the thigh O Gastrocnemius O distal end of the caudal femur and inserts at the calcaneal tuberosity of the fibular tarsal bone; extensor muscle of the hock; in humans Achilles tendon Abdominal Muscles O Supports the abdominal organs O Functions that include straining and respiration (urination, defecation, parturition) O Flex the back O Arranged in layers O Running outside to the inside they are: O External abdominal oblique O Internal abdominal oblique O Rectus abdominisO forms wall or the floor of the abdomen; runs from the ribs to the inner abdominal wall; sternum to the brim of the pelvis O Transverses abdominisO deepest runs downward ventrally to insert on the linea alba O Right and left sides come together by the aponeuroses-linea alba Muscles of Respiration O Increase and decrease the size of the thoracic cavity O Inspiration O Inspiratory muscles O Diaphragm O thin domed shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity; O caudal lung lobe are in contact with the diaphragm; liver is caudal to it O When it contracts it flattens out a little and pushes the abdominal muscles caudally O External intercostal muscles O 2 sets located between each set of adjacent ribs; O difference between the internal and external is the direction of their fibers O External in an oblique direction O rotating the ribs upward and forward when they contract O increasing the size of the thoracic cavity O Expiration O Internal intercostal muscles O Rotate the ribs backward which decreases the size of thorax and pushes air out of the lungs O Abdominal muscles O Push the abdominal organs caudal allowing the diaphragm back into its done shape O Most active when the animal is exerting itself Review O List the major muscles of the thoracic, pelvic limb their location and function O List the major muscles of the abdomen, location and function O What are the muscles involved in respiration, function and location O What do cutaneous muscles do?