Introduction to Bioengineering PDF

Bioengineering Introduction to Bioengineering MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology  OBJECTIVES Discuss and define bioengineering as a discipline; Discuss the branches of bioengineering; and Define important terminologies in bioengineering.  1 BI...

Bioengineering Introduction to Bioengineering MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology  OBJECTIVES Discuss and define bioengineering as a discipline; Discuss the branches of bioengineering; and Define important terminologies in bioengineering.  1 BIOENGINEERING A discipline that applies engineering principles of design and analysis of biological systems and biomedical technologies Practice of solving problems in life sciences using an engineering approach Application of engineering (technology) to living things such as humans, animals, and plants Source: asme.org  WOODEN TOE PROSTHETIC Found in 2000 tied to the foot of a 3000-year old mummy from Thebes Source: livescience.com Started to develop post-WWII Source: nationalww2museum.org  DR. WILLEM JOHAN KOLFF ▪ Pioneered kidney dialysis ▪ 1938 – design of artificial kidney ▪ 1945 – a woman lived for seven more years ▪ Acute kidney failure and end stage renal disease Source: nytimes.com First kidney machine using: laundry tubs, wooden drum, metal, semipermeable sausage casing, electric motor Source: kidneydialysis.org.uk 1952 first artificial heart valve implant by Charles A. Hufnagel 1953 first successful human heart surgery assisted by a heart-lung machine by John H. Gibbon, Jr. 1958 first external cardiac pacemaker Source: bcmj.org was used 1953 double-helix DNA 1970’s introduction of recombinant DNA Signaled the beginning of the modern era of bioengineering Source: genome.gov Source: bioinformant.com Source: radnet.com Source: bioe.uw.edu  2 BRANCHES OF BIOENGINEERING 1. Biomedical 2. Biological Systems Engineering 3. Biochemical Engineering 4. Human-factors Engineering 5. Environmental Health Engineering 6. Bionics medical problems: replacement of damaged-organs, instrumentation, diagnostic applications of computers Tissue engineering Genetic Engineering Neural Engineering Pharmaceutical Engineering Clinical Engineering Bioinformatics Source: healthmanagement.org Biomechanics  GENETIC ENGINEERING artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules to modify an organism; led to production of human insulin, human growth hormone, hepatitis B vaccine. Source: bioedge.org  BIOMECHANICS Application of mechanics to study the structure, function, and motion of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to organs, cells, and cell organelles Source: wc-biomechanics.org agriculture, biological production problems, external operations, influence of environment, foods sciences, ecosystem Source: bioe.uw.edu fermentation engineering, microscopic biological systems, production of new products by synthesis Source: bioe.uw.edu application of engineering, physiology, and psychology to the optimization of the human- machine relationship Source: bioe.uw.edu bioenvironmental; control of environment for the health, comfort, and safety of human beings; life-support systems for the exploration of outer space and oceans Source: bioe.uw.edu construction of artificial systems that have some characteristics of the living systems; robotics Source: futurism.com  3 OTHER BIOENGINEERING CONCEPTS Imitation of biological and natural processes Classic example: Leonardo da Vinci’s flying machine inspired by birds Source: biomimicryidaho.org  Source: google.com Source: google.com Velcro inspired by burrs Sharkskin inspired (Swiss engineer Georges swimsuits de Mestral, 1955)  Applies properties of matter to engineering Relationship between structure, properties, processing, and performance of materials BIOMATERIALS Materials intended to interact with biological systems and body tissues and cells. Must be biocompatible. Source: google.com  Artificial substitute to amputated body parts Silicon, nylon sheets, thermoplastic, titanium Carbon Fiber Made up of extraordinarily thin filaments – about one tenth the thickness of human hair Lightweight and very strong material Sgt. Jerrod Fields, a below-the-knee amputee; won a gold medal in the 100 meters with a time of 12.15 seconds at the Source: defense.gov Endeavor Games in Edmond, Okla., on June 13, 2009  Bioengineering Assistive and Adaptive Bioengineering Technology MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology  OBJECTIVES Discuss and differentiate assistive and adaptive bioengineering technologies. Technology developed to help organisms but DOES NOT change them EX: Eyeglasses, antibiotics, wheelchair. Source: google.com Technology developed to help living organisms and DOES change them EX: Lasik eye treatment, knee replacement, GMOs Source: google.com Source: google.com HALL, S. (2012). Basic Biomechanics (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York. PAVLOVIC, M. (2015). Bioengineering A Conceptual Approach. Springer, Switzerland. Image sources: asme.org livescience.com nationalww2museum.org nytimes.com kidneydialysis.org.uk bcmj.org bioinformant.com radnet.com genome.gov bioe.uw.edu healthmanagement.org bioedge.org wc-biomechanics.org futurism.com biomimicryidaho.org defense.gov Google.com