Data Management & Presentation PDF

Module 6: Data Management: Responsible Handling of Data and Data Presentation. **Data i**s a set of facts that give us information about things, it doesn't show us everything , it only gives us part of the picture. Ethical awareness & Responsible handling - Principles of Ethical Awareness & R...

Module 6: Data Management: Responsible Handling of Data and Data Presentation. **Data i**s a set of facts that give us information about things, it doesn't show us everything , it only gives us part of the picture. Ethical awareness & Responsible handling - Principles of Ethical Awareness & Responsible Handling - - - - **Textual Presentation** combines text and numerical facts in statistical reports and its narrative in nature. **Text** is any written or printed words that convey a message **Tabular Presentation** is used when the values are numeric and independent. **Table** is a set of data arranged in arrows. **Graph** effective tool as it displays data at a glance, facilitates comparison, and can reveal trends and relationships within the data. **Graphical Presentation** It is a way of showing information using pictures, charts, or graphs instead of just words. **Case Study Presentation** real life situations where people have had to make tough decisions about how to handle data ethically & responsibly. TYPES OF DATA **Categorical Data** means organizing individuals or things into groups based on their characteristics.(gender; male/ female) **Numerical Data** it is exact numerical values are expected. Ex: heights, weight, age,\# children. CLASSIFYING NUMERICAL DATA **Discrete Variables** values obtained [by counting] such; \# of children, male students, etc. **Continuous Variables** values obtained by [measuring]; height, temp, Area, Distance. Module 7: Interpreting Different Graphs **Graphs** are like a visual map made of dots and lines. The dots represent things, and the lines show connections between them. **Bar Graph** uses rectangular bars to represent data. **Line Graph** good for showing how things change overtime. **Histogram** shows how often different numbers or ranges of numbers appear in a data set. **Pie Graph** is a circular chart divided into slices to show how different parts make up a whole. **Scatter Plot** uses dots to show how different things are related. Concepts in Understanding Data Ethically - - - - - - - Module 8: Computing Measures of Central Tendency **Measures of central tendency** methods used to find the "middle" or "center" of a dataset and this gives us a sense of where most of the data points are located. Three main measures **Mean** found by adding all the numbers together and then dividing by the number of numbers. Ex 2+4+6+8+10=30/5= mean is 6 **Median** the middle number when the dataset is arranged in order. It is appropriate to use with ordinal variables and with interval variables that have outliers. **Mode** the number that appears most often; 1,2,2,3 and 4, the mode is 2. It helps summarize and describe datasets, making it easier to understand what is typical or common in the data. **Weighted Mean** treats all numbers equally, it is assigned different weights to each number. Module 9: Computing Measures of Dispersion **Measures of Dispersion** statistical used to quantify the spread or variability of data points within a dearest. **Range is** the difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset. **Variance** measurement of the spread between numbers in a data set. **Sample Variance** is measuring how spread out those scores are from the average. It's like guessing what the whole pizza taste like by tasting a slice. **Standard Deviation** provides an average measure of how far the data points are from the mean and is derived from the variance. **Sample standard Deviation** it is a tool we use to see how spread out the numbers are in a small group compared to the average number in that group. Module 10: Tree Diagram & Basic Probability Problems **Tree Diagram** is a picture used for making smart choices, figuring out values, or calculating chances of things happening. Basic rules of computing Probability **Probability Computation:** for equally outcomes, the probability of event A is given by: **P(A)= Number of favorable outcomes** **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Total number of possible outcomes** **Addition Rule-** For 2 events, A and B, The probability of selecting one event or another is given by: **P (A or B)= P(A) + P(B)- P (A and B)** **Multiplication Rule-** For 2 independent events, A and B, where the outcome of A does not change the probability of B, the probability of A and B is given by; **P (A and B)= P(A) \* P (B)**