MSc Zoology Syllabus 2020-2021 PDF

1 SWAMI RAMANAND TEERTH MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY, NANDED Maharashtra State, India PIN: 431606 (NAAC ‘A’ Grade) School of Life Sciences...

1 SWAMI RAMANAND TEERTH MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY, NANDED Maharashtra State, India PIN: 431606 (NAAC ‘A’ Grade) School of Life Sciences Department of Zoology SEMESTER PATTERN CURRICULUM UNDER CHOISE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) For Post Graduate Program Under Faculty of Science and Technology M. Sc. First Year & Second Year (Semester- I, II & III, IV) SUBJECT: ZOOLOGY For The University Campus With Effective from June, 2020 M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  2 Introduction: The University Grants Commission, New Delhi (UGC) has initiated some important measures to enhance academic standards in higher education in India, for the purpose improvement in curriculum is one of the important concern in this regard. Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded has already initiated reforms in higher education by implementing semester system for the continuous teaching and learning process using Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) as per the UGC guidelines. Revision and updating the syllabus is a continuous process as per the demand for the development of self reliable and useful human resource for the society and ready to work human resource for the country. The CBCS provides choice for students to select any particular subject from the same course or from the same discipline (DSE) and also from other sources and disciplines as open choice subject called Open Electives (OE). There is also choice for the students to choose NPTL, SWYAM, MOOC like online educational portals as an additional credit earning resources. In the new curriculum reform there is compulsory slot for Skill Enhancement/Development Courses (SDC) so as to provide skills for the students through this course. Therefore BOS in Zoology has prepared the curriculum for PG Course in subject Zoology, Department of Zoology at School of Life Sciences this University. The curriculum is designed to include updated contents on various branches of subject Zoology and animal sciences in general. Already the comments and opinion from students, stakeholders, parents, research students and industries are considered positively to revise the syllabus and the suggestions are incorporated. Moreover the valuable suggestions for further improvement and quality enhancement in this regard are welcome. Two Year (Four Semester) CBCS pattern teaching program M. Sc. Zoology at this University Campus has an intake of 20 students. The course curriculum also includes dissertation for the partial fulfilment of the Postgraduate degree in Zoology from third semester onwards. The medium of instruction and examination of this course is English. The M. Sc. Zoology course offers Dissertation as one of the important component. It is for those students who are interested in pursuing their career in research. There is an option against dissertation to write a scientific review on selected research topics. Based on the academic performance of a student in semester-I, Semester-II the Dissertation Allocation Committee (DAC) under the chairmanship of Head of the Department to advice the students whether to go for the dissertation or Research Review. M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  3 Program Educational Objectives: 1. Exposure of students to animal diversity and to provide them systematic tools of traditional and modern types to acquire this knowledge and skill. 2. To update the syllabus essential for appearing in NET, SET, GATE, ASRB and other competitive exams of UPSC and MPSC. 3. To make aware the students to know the natural resources of country, to utilize by sustainable methods and conservation of living resources. 4. To develop trained and knowledgeable human resource for educational and research institutions and industries; to use this human resource for self reliant India. 5. To develop self employable ability and to apply knowledge for several agro-based industries like sericulture, Goat farming and Apiculture; it will also provide employment to other dependents. Program Specific Outcome (PSO): 1. The students will be acquainted to animal diversity, its present status and applied use. 2. Students will get the knowledge and skill from learning this course for self employment and will provide job for others for entrepreneurship development. 3. The students will get updated knowledge of basic and applied branches of Zoology so as to qualify for various state and national level competitive examinations to get employment. 4. The learned students of this course will be leaders in the educational and research institutions and for the industries in the country and abroad. 5. To develop self reliant human resource for entrepreneurship and employability to make our country self reliant. Prerequisite: This Post Graduate Degree Course will be offered to the students having basic knowledge of Zoology and willing to gain additional knowledge in applied and research aspects of Zoology. Admission to this PG Program is given to the students who have studied Zoology subject as one of the optional subject or honours in subject Zoology at their graduation level. Prof. S. P. Chavan, Chairman, Zoology Syllabus Framing Committee & Head, Department of Zoology; School of life Sciences, S. R. T. M. University, Nanded – 431606. M. S. Email: [email protected] M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  4 Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, ‘Dnyanteerth’, Vishnupuri, Nanded, PIN – 431 603 Maharashtra State, INDIA. SCHOOL OF LIFE SCIENCES Department of Zoology The syllabus framing committee for the M. Sc. Zoology course at Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences as autonomous department, the committee formulated by the Director, School of Life Sciences, SRTM University with the directives and approval from Hon. Vice Chancellor of SRTM University Nanded. From the inputs and academic planning the syllabus is formulated as details given under. Sr. No. Name of the BOS Committee Member and Address Designation details 01 Dr. S. P. Chavan Chairman Professor and Head, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, SRTMUN Email: [email protected] Mob: 9421046372 02 Dr. Nanaware S. S. Member Chairman, Board of Studies in Zoology, SRTMUN and Professor, Department of Zoology, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded Email:[email protected] Mob: 9423401227 03 Dr. Waykar B. B. Member Professor Zoology, Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad. Email: [email protected] Mob: 9284553922 04 Dr. Yankanchi S. R., Member Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur Email: [email protected] Mob: 9579692348 05 Dr. Pardeshi Anilkumar, Member Associate Professor and Head Department of Zoology, Devgiri Mahavidhyala, Aurangabad. Email:[email protected] Mob: 9511684676 M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  5 Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, PIN : 431 603, Maharashtra State, INDIA. SCHOOL OF LIFE SCIENCES Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology (First Year and Second Year) Syllabus- w. e. f. June, 2020 (CBCS Pattern) OUTLINE OF THE COURSE STRUCTURE Semester Course Title of the Course No. of Type of Total Marks Total Code Instructio Course Credits Marks nal Hrs/ MS ESA Week A THEORY ZOT-C101 Animal Taxonomy and Evolution 04 CC 04 50 50 100 ZOT-C102 Non-Chordates and Proto- chordates 04 CC 04 50 50 100 ZOT-C103 Cell Biology, Genetics and 04 CC 04 Molecular Biology 50 50 100 ZOT-E101 Elective-I OR Apiculture 04 DSE 04 50 50 100 ZOT-E102 OR Wild Life Biology Semester-I 16/Week 3-CC, 16 200 200 400 1-DSE PRACTICALS Lab Course in Animal Taxonomy ZOL- C101 and Evolution 04 CC 02 25 25 50 Lab Course in Non-Chordates and ZOL-C102 Proto-chordates 04 CC 02 25 25 50 Lab Course in Cell Biology, ZOL-C103 Genetics and Molecular Biology 04 CC 02 25 25 50 ZOL-E101 Lab Course in Apiculture OR OR 04 DSE 02 25 25 50 ZOL-E102 Lab Course in Wild Life Biology 16/Week 3-CC, 08 100 100 200 1-DSE Total Semester- I (Theory + Practical) 32/Week 3 CC, 24 300 300 600 1 DSE THEORY ZOT- C201 Developmental Biology 04 CC 04 50 50 100 ZOT- C202 Chordate Structure and Function 04 CC 04 50 50 100 ZOT- C203 Biochemistry and Immunology 04 CC 04 50 50 100 ZOT- E201 Elective-II OR Goat Farming OR 04 DSE 04 50 50 100 ZOT- E202 Conservation Biology Open Open Elective-I Elective (From Outside the School / NPTL / 02 OE 02 25 25 50 SWAYM / MOOC) 18/Week 3-CC, 18 225 225 450 Semester-II 1-DSE 1-OE PRACTICALS M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  6 ZOL- C201 Lab Course in Developmental 04 CC 02 25 25 50 Biology ZOL-C202 Lab Course in Chordates 04 CC 02 25 25 50 Structure and Function ZOL- C203 Lab Course in Biochemistry and 04 CC 02 25 25 50 Immunology ZOL-E201 Lab Course in Goat Farming OR 04 DSE 02 25 25 50 OR Lab Course in Conservation ZOL- E202 Biology 16 3-CC, 08 100 100 200 1-DSE Total Semester-II (Theory + Practical) 34/Week 3-CC, 26 325 325 650 1-DSE 1-OE THEORY ZOT- C301 Animal Physiology and 04 CC 04 50 50 100 Endocrinology ZOT- C302 Ecology, Ethology and 04 CC 04 50 50 100 Biostatistics ZOT- E301 Elective- III 04 DSE 04 50 50 100 OR Fish Biology OR ZOT- E302 General Parasitology ZOT-S301 Microscopy 02 SDC 02 25 25 50 Open Open Elective-II 04 or 04 or 50 or 50 or 100 Elective (From Outside the School / NPTL 02 + 02 (OE) 2+2 25 + 25 + /SWAYM) 25 25 18/week 2-CC, 18 225 225 450 Semester-III 1-DSE, 1-SDC 1-OE PRACTICALS ZOL- C301 Lab Course in Animal Physiology 04 CC 02 25 25 50 and Endocrinology ZOL- C302 Lab Course in Ecology, Ethology 04 CC 02 25 25 50 And Biostatics ZOL- E301 Lab Course in Fish Biology OR OR Lab Course in General 04 DSE 02 25 25 50 ZOL- E302 Parasitology 12/Week 2-CC, 06 75 75 150 1-DSE, Total Semester-III (Theory + Practical) 30/Week 2-CC, 24 300 300 600 1-DSE, 1-SDC 1-OE THEORY ZOT- C401 General Entomology 04 CC 04 50 50 100 ZOT- C402 Applied Entomology 04 CC 04 50 50 100 ZOT- E401 Aquaculture, OR Fisheries Technology 04 DSE 04 50 50 100 ZOT- E402 OR Medical and Applied Parasitology Open Open Elective-III 02 OE 02 25 25 50 Semester-IV Elective (From Outside the Schools/NPTL/SWAYM) ZOT- S401 Ecological Techniques and 50 Microtomy 02 SDC 02 25 25 16/week 2-CC, 16 200 200 400 1-DSE, M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  7 1-OE, 1-SDC PRACTICALS ZOL- C401 Lab Course in General 04 CC 02 25 25 50 Entomology ZOL- C402 Lab Course in Applied 04 CC 02 25 25 50 Entomology ZOL- E401 Lab Course in Aquaculture 04 DSE 02 25 25 50 Fisheries Technology OR Lab Course in Medical and Applied Parasitology ZOL-C403 Dissertation OR 04 CC 04 - 100 100 Scientific Review OR Industrial Training 16/Week 3-CC, 10 75 175 250 1-DSE Total Semester-IV (Theory + Practical) 32/Week 2-CC, 26 275 375 650 1-DSE, 1-OE, 2-SDC (CC: Core Course, OE: Open Elective, DSE: Discipline Specific Elective Course, SDC: Skill Development Course; MSE: Mid Semester Exam, ESE: End Semester Exam) Discipline Specific Elective (DSE): Elective paper Open Elective Course (OEC): Zoology students for Zoology students. But they can opt either of must opt for any Open Elective Course or Skill these papers OR course (DSE) offered by other Development Course (SDC) offered by other Programs (M. Sc. Micro., Bot., Biotech.) of the Schools of this University Campus OR MOOC, School of Life Sciences of the same semester. NPTL, SWAYAM, NPTL courses. Distribution of Credits for each Semester and Year for M. Sc. Zoology (1 Credit = 25 Marks) Total Credits of the Course = 100 Total Marks of the Course = 2500 Sr. Semester Credits Credits Total Credits Credits for Credits Credits for Skill No. for for No. Of for Core Discipline for Open Development Theory Practical credits Papers Specific Elective Course Papers (Theory) Elective Papers (Theory) Papers(Theory) (Theory) (CC) (DSE) (OE) (SDC) 1. Sem.-I 16 08 24 12 04 Nil Nil 2. Sem. -II 18 08 26 12 04 02 Nil 3. F. Y. Total 34 16 50 24 08 02 Nil 4. Sem.- III 18 06 24 08 04 04 / (2+2) 02 5. Sem. - IV 16 10 26 08 04 02 02 6. S. Y. Total 34 16 50 16 08 06 04 7. Course Total 68 32 100 40 16 08 04 Abbreviations Used and explanation Sr. No. Abbreviations Explanation 01 CC Core Course- Core Paper of the discipline (This PG Course) 02 DSE Discipline Specific Elective – Elective paper of this PG Course 03 OE Open Elective – Elective paper from any other School in this University or any papers from NPTL, SWYAM, MOC 04. SDC Skill Development Course. 05 ZOTC Zoology Theory Core Paper M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  8 06 ZOTE Zoology Theory Elective from Discipline Specific 07 ZOTS Zoology Theory Skill Development Course 08 ZOLC Zoology Practical Core Paper 09 ZOLE Zoology Practical Elective from Discipline Specific 10 ZOLS Zoology Practical Skill Dev. Course Internal Assessment = 50 %  Two Internal Exams each of 15 Marks (based on MCQs and Theory) Assignment of 10 Marks, Seminar of 10 Marks for each paper is compulsory (15+15+10+10). External Assessment = 50% At the end of Each Semester there will be External Examination for Theory and Practical Papers as per the University Examination Time Table. OPEN ELECTIVES IN ZOOLOGY FOR OTHER SCHOOLS Sr. Course Title of Open Elective Number Semester in Prerequisite for the Course Instructor No. Code Course of Credits which it is course admission offered (Eligibility) 1. ZOT-OE101 Fundamentals of Bee 02 I/III Any Graduate Prof. S. P. Chavan keeping 2. ZOT-OE201 Fundamentals of Goat 02 II/IV Any Graduate Prof. S. P. Chavan Farming & Management 3. ZOT-OE301 Fish Farm management 02 I/III Any Graduate Prof. S. P. Chavan 4. ZOT-OE401 Basics of Sericulture & 02 II/IV Any Graduate Prof. S. P. Chavan Management M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  9 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – I - (CBCS) - (w. e. f. 2020-21) Syllabus- Theory Paper, Code: ZOT- C101 Title of the Paper – Animal Taxonomy and Evolution (Core Course - CC) Credits:04 Marks: 100 Periods: 60 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Course Objective: The paper is designed to make students aware not only of the great diversity which is being displayed by animals around us but also to prepare them theoretically and practically to study and arrange the Bio-diversity in scientific and natural manner. Course outcome: The students will get basic and advanced knowledge about animal systematics and it will be useful to understand the animal world around them. The students may apply this knowledge in taxonomy related research and job opportunities. UNIT – I 1. Definition and basic concept of Biosystematics, taxonomy and classification, History of taxonomy, systematics, Taxonomic characters and their kinds and watage. 2. Trends in animal taxonomy: Chemo-taxonomy, Cyto-taxonomy, Molecular taxonomy, Immuno-taxonomy & Para-taxonomy. 3. Theories of animal classification, Hierarchy of categories in animal classification. 4. Importance and application of Taxonomy (biosystematics) in biological studies. 5. Systematics as a profession and its future perspectives, UNIT – II 1. Species categories and species concept. a) Typological species concept. b) Nominalistic species concept. c) Biological species concept d) Evolutionary species concept. 2. Difficulties in application of Biological species concept. 3. Intra-specific categories & Taxons: a) variety, b) Subspecies c) super species d) Sibling species. 4. Origin of new species taxa and their delimitation. 5. Taxonomic Characters, Types of taxonomic characters, origin of reproductive isolation, biological mechanism of genetic incompatibility. UNIT – III 1. Taxonomic procedures, Taxonomic collections. Preservations and process of identification of Insects, Helminth Parasites, Fishes. 2. Taxonomic keys: Different categories of taxonomy and their merits, demerits, Taxonomic publications. 3. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN): Operative principles, interpretation and application of different rules, formation of scientific Name of various taxa. M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  10 4. Different types of camera for the field and laboratory studies. 5. Sound Recording and Echo-sound recording devices used in animal detection, Recording and Taxonomic studies. 6. Reference work in Taxonomy: Zoological Records, Biological Abstracts, Proto- zoological Abstracts, Entomology Abstracts, Agri-Index, Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index, Books and Journals, Latin Abbreviations, Linnaean Signs. UNIT – IV 1. Neo-Darwinism and Population Genetics: Hardy-Weinberg law of genetic equilibrium, 2. Forces for destabilization in the process of organic evolution : Natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, migration and meiotic drive. 3. Origin and evolution of Fishes. Dinosaurs and their extinction. 4. Molecular Population Genetics: Gene mutation- Patterns of changes in nucleotide and amino acid sequences. 5.Ecological significance of molecular variations (Genetic Polymorphism), Micro-evolution and Macro-evolution. 7. Phylogeny: Cladistics, dendrogram, construction of Phylogenetic tree and analysis. SUGGESTED READINGS: 2. Principles of Animal Taxonomy: Simpson George Gaylord. Columbia University Press, PP. 248, (1961) 3. Elements of Systematic Zoology (second Edition): Mayr Ernest and Peter D. Ashlock. McGraw- Hill Inc. US Pp. 416. (1991). 4. Biodiversity. Wilson E. O. 5. Evolutionary Biology (Vol. 2). Dobzahnskey, Theodosius, Hecht, Max K, Steere, William C. Springer Books. (1968) 6. Genetics and Origin of species. Dobzhanskey, Columbia University Press. (1987) 7. Theory and Practices in Animal Taxonomy: S. C. Kapoor (Oxford and IBH, New Delhi) 8. Evolution: Savage Jay M. Holt, Rinehart and Winston of Canada Ltd. Pp. 161. (1971). 9. Organic Evolution: Richard Swann Lull. Nabu Press. pp. 812, (Nov. 2011). 10. Evolution of Vertebrates. Edwin H. Colbert. Wiley, 1 January (2011) 11. Evolution and Genetics. Merrel D. J., Jones -------------------------------- M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  11 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – I - (CBCS) - (w. e. f. 2020-21) Syllabus- Theory Paper Code: ZOT- C102 Title of the Paper – Non-Chordate and Proto-Chordates (Core Course – CC) Credits: 04 Marks: 100 Periods: 60 Course Objectives: 1. To describe and explain the basic principles of animal classification, form and function among non-chordate phyla. 2. To describe the main elements of the biology and evolutionary relationships of the major groups of non-chordates 3. To describe the structure and function of vital organs among non-chordate phyla. Course outcome: The students will get an idea about how the life processes goes on in the animals in their surrounding. Also the knowledge they use to monitor, manage, conserve and utilize these creatures. Also it gives an idea about how a Human being is evolved in sequential evolution process. UNIT – I 1. Organization of Coelom : Acoelomata, Coelomata, Pseudocoelomata. Protostomia and Deuterostomia. 2. Food, feeding and reproduction in Protozoa. 3. Paramecium: Structure, Food and Feeding, Locomotion. 4. Spongocoel, Coelenteron. 5. Types of Cells and their functions in Sponges 6. Polymorphism, functions of zooids in Obelia Colony. UNIT- II 1. Reproduction and Alternation of generation in Coelenterates. 2. Structure and working of respiratory organs in Insects, Scorpion, Prawn, Bivalve, Pila globosa. 3. Excretion – Structure and working of coelom, coelomoducts, flame cells, Nephridia and Malphigian tubules. 4. Primitive nervous system : Coelenterata and Echinodermata. 5. Advanced nervous system in Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca (Cephalopoda). UNIT – III 1. Larval forms in Invertebrates (Porifera to Echinodermata) and their Evolutionary Significance. 2. General characters of Cephalochordates. 3. General characters of Urochordata 4. Affinities of Cephalochordates to Vertebrates and Origin of Vertebrates. 5. Introduction to Minor Phyla. UNIT – IV 1. Cyclostomes: General characters; Classification and characters of Pertomyzon and Myxin. 2. Ostracoderms: Characters of Jawless fossil fishes. 3. Placoderms: Characters of fossil Placoderms. 4. Latimeria: Living fossil fish- occurrence and characters M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  12 References: 1. Modern Textbook of Zoology (12th Edition): R. L. Kotpal. Rastogi Publication. (2019). 2. Invertebrate Zoology: A Laboratory Manual: Alan R. Holyoak. Creatspace Independent publisher. Pp. 130. (2013). 3. Invertebrate Structure and Function. EJW BARRINGTON. E-book, (1967). ------------------------------- M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  13 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – I - (CBCS)- (w. e. f. 2020-21) Syllabus- Theory Paper Code: ZOT- C103 Title of the Paper – Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology (Core Course- CC) Credits: 04 Marks: 100 Periods: 60 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Course Objectives: 1. To study the structure and function of the basic unit of living organisms. 2. To study stages in cell cycle (including cell death and cancer), cell differentiation, and organelles and other cellular structures in the growth and functioning of the cell (including membrane transport and signaling). 3. To understand the basic concepts and processes in development of an organism. 4. The objective of this course is to provide a clear understanding of DNA so that they can manipulate and understand the basic tools and techniques involved in it. Strong foundation in genetics and molecular biology enables the students to familiarize themselves with genetic engineering. Course Outcome: The students will be able to apply the knowledge in education and research on molecular biology in various fields at industrial, institutional levels. Nationally as well as Internationally. Unit-1 1. Introduction to basic concepts of cell Biology, Overview of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells. 2. Types of cells in animals. 3. Nucleus, Mitochondria and its genetic organization, Structure and organization of Chromatin. Cytoskeleton: Microfilaments, Microtubules, Intermediate filaments - structure, composition, functions. 4. Transport across cell membrane: Types of transport- Na & K ATPases, proton pumps, Bulk transport. Unit-II 1. Cell interactions: cell adhesion, role of cell adhesion in inflammation and metastasis. 2. Cell Cycle: Major events during G1, S, & G2 phases, regulation of cell cycle, cell. cycle and apoptosis. 3. Cell signaling: Introduction to cell signaling, types of receptors, extra-cellular messengers and signal transduction with examples. 4. Cell Differentiation & differential gene activity, Biology of Cancer: Types and characteristics, Oncogenes & tumour suppressor genes and chemical carcinogenesis, biomarkers of cancer detection. Developmental genetics of C. elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Unit III M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  14 1. Overview of Mendelian Genetics, Fine structure of gene, types of mutations, UV and chemical mutagens; Ames test for mutagenesis; Retroviruses. 2. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication, Mechanism of DNA replication, enzymes and accessory proteins involved in DNA replication, 3. Types & mechanism of DNA Repair, Process & types of Recombinations, Holiday junction, gene targeting, FLP/FRT and Cre/Lox recombination, Rec A and other recombinases. Unit IV 1. Modifications in RNA: 5’-Capping, 3’-polyadenylation, and splicing, RNA editing, RNA stability, Process of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic transcription, RNA polymerase, 2. General and specific transcription factors, Regulatory elements and mechanisms of transcription regulation, Transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing. 3. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation, the translation machinery, Mechanisms of initiation, elongation and termination. 4. Regulation of translation, co-and post-translational modifications of proteins. Synthesis of secretary and membrane proteins, import into nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast and peroxisomes. Receptor mediated endocytosis. References: 1. Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual. J. Sambrook. E.F. Fritsch and T. Maniatis, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York (2000). 2. Introduction to Practical Molecular Biology, P.D. Dabre, John wiley & Sons Ltd., New York, (1988). 3. Molecular Biology LabFax, T.A. Bown (Ed.) Bios Scientific Publishers Ltd., Oxford, (1991). 4. Molecular Biology of the Gene (4th Edition), J. D. Watson, N.H. Hopkins, J. W. Roberts, J. A. Steeitz and M. A. Weiner, The Benjamin/Cummings Publ. Co., Inc., California, 1987. 5. Molecular Cell Biology (2nd Edition) J. Darnell, H. Lodish and d. Baltimore, Scientific American Books, Inc., USA, 1994. 6. Molecular Biology of the Cell (2nd Edition) B. Alberts, D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts, and J. d. Watson Garland publishing, Inc., New York, 1994. 7. Gene VI (6th Edition) Benjamin Lewin, Oxford University Press, U.K., 1998. 8. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. A comparative desk reference, R. A. Meyers (Ed.) VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1995. 9. Cell and Molecular Biology – De Robertis. 10. Gene – IX, Benjamin Lewin, Oxford University Press.. 11. Cell and Molecular Biology. – Gerald Karp, 5th Edition, John Willy and Sons. Inc. 2008. 12. Cell Biology – David E. Sadava, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, London, 1993. 13. Molecular Biology of Gene (V- Edition ) – J. D. Watson, Lania A. Raker, Stephan P. Bell, Alexander Gann, Micheal Eveni – Pearson Education and Publication. --------------------------------------- M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  15 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – I - (CBCS) - (w. e. f. 2020-21) Syllabus- Theory Paper- Code: ZOT- E101 Title of the Paper – Apiculture (Discipline Specific Elective – DSE) Credits: 04 Marks: 100 Periods: 60 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Course Objectives: To introduce the students about potential of useful insect the Bees for getting Honey and other byproducts from their scientific culture methods. To educate the students about conservation of bees to increase the production in agriculture duce to effective pollination. Course outcome: Students can start their own business of Apiculture/Bee farming, train others and will be able to enter in private, Govt sectors or in the research related to Apiculture/Bee keeping. Unit- I - Introduction of Modern bee keeping 1.1. Importance of beekeeping 1.2. Scope of beekeeping 1.3. Bee species 1.4. Cast differentiation, Colony organization 1.5. Division of labour in honeybee 1.6. Life cycle of honeybee and nuptial flight Unit- II. Scientific bee keeping 2.1 Beekeeping equipment’s 2.1.1 Equipments for improving efficiency of honeybees 2.1.2 Equipments for improving efficiency of bee’s keepers 2.1.3. Equipments for improving hygienic conditions 2.2. Methods of Swarm capturing. 2.2.1. Capturing a Swarm from a tree branch. 2.2.2. Capturing a Swarm from Ground 2.3. Inspection and Handling the Colony 2.4. Hiving by dividing an established colony. 2.5. Establishment, Seasonal Management of apiary and inspection of bee colonies. Unit III - Apiculture in Agriculture 3.1. Bee plants and floral calendar- Importance and qualities of good bee flora. 3.2. Pollination, Need of bee pollination 3.4. Management of honeybees for pollination. 3.5. Migratory beekeeping 3.6. Honeybee products 3.6.1. Honey- Its constituents, methods of collection and uses. 3.6.2. Importance of other bee products to mankind a) Pollen –Method of collection, constituents, uses. b) Royal jelly- Method of collection, constituents, uses. c) Propolis - Method of collection, constituents, uses. d) Bee wax- Method of collection, constituents, uses. e) Bee venom- Method of collection, constituents, uses. Unit-IV Problems of beekeeping industries, 1. Natural Climate Condition, 2. Natural enemies, pest and diseases, human activities 3. Apiary and Hive Hygiene 4.Economics of beekeeping M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  16 References: 1) Introduction to disease of bee –Bailey, L 2) World of honeybee –Butter C. G. 3) Beekeeping in India –Sardar Sing (ICAR) 4) The Principle of Insect Physiology-Wigglesworth, V.S. 5) Applied Zoology- B. B. Waykar, A. Y. Mahajan, B. C. More. (Prashant Publication Jalgaon) 6) D. K. Belsare, Beekeeping for livelihood M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  17 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – I - (CBCS)- (w. e. f. 2020-21) Syllabus- Theory Paper- Code: ZOT-E102 Title of the Paper – Wild life Biology (Discipline Specific Elective- DSE) Credits: 04 Marks: 100 Periods: 60 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Objectives: Man himself is a part of ecosystem. The ecosystems in the world are continuously under the pressure of anthropogenic activities and human mediated ecological changes. Several animal species are under the survival threats and accordingly they are categorized by IUCN. The aim of the contents of this course is to introduce and explain about various conservation issues of the ecosystem and animals. To introduce the students about wild life and wild habitats, about depleting wild life and human wild life conflict. Course outcome: The knowledge acquired from this course will be useful to work as nature conservationist, conservation, restoration, rehabilitation and research, extension programs on Wild Life in private and Govt sector,. NGOs. Unit-I. Introduction to Wildlife. 1. What is Wildlife?. History of Wildlife in India and present status. 2. Why to protect and conserve the wildlife?. Values of wildlife: Ecological, Commercial, Aesthetic and tourism, Game, Scientific, ethical. 3. Causes of wildlife destruction : In past and present. 4. Protected wild life in India : Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals. 5. Wild life along Indian sea coast. 6. Sanctuary? Criteria to establish a sanctuary. Sanctuaries in the World and protected animals. 7. What is National Park?. Criteria to establish National park. National Parks in India and in the World. Web search for National parks and sanctuaries. 8. Study of Important National Parks and Sanctuaries in India and world: Location, area, wild life, Administration and management.: i) Alberta national Park, Alberta-Congo- for Gorilla. ii) Corbett National Park- U. P.- -for Indian Tiger. iii) Gir National Park for Lion in Gujarat. iv) Kaziranga National Park, Aasam- One horned Rhino. v) Keoladev (Ghana) National Park, Bird sanctuary, Bharatpur, Rajasthan vi) Nandur Madhmeshwar Bird Sanctuary, Niphad near Nashik M. S. vii) Tadoba National Park, Chandrapur, M. S. viii) Desert National Park, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. Unit-II. Wild Life Assessment and Management. 1. Total count method: Basic concept and application of sample count. 2. Direct count: Block count, Transect method, Point count, visual count, Waterhole survey. 3. Indirect count: Call count, Track count, Pellet count, Pag-mark and footprints. 4. Use of different camera in wildlife census: Wild life photography, Trap camera, GPS and GIS used in Wildlife, Radio-collars: structure and application. 5. Population estimation of birds. 6. Wildlife diseases and management. Unit-III. Wildlife –Human conflict. M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  18 1. Damage caused, reasons, control measures on : Elephants, Tiger, Leopard, Lion, Deer, Wild Boar, Peacock, Gaur, Monkeys. 2. Translocation of wildlife: Traps for various animals and their use. 3. Rescue of animals and importance: rescue of snakes, deer, monkeys and other creatures entered in human habitation, agro-farms etc. 4. Tranquilization: equipments, methods, importance and precautions. 5. Poaching of wildlife and prevention. 6. Manipulation of habitat for conservation: Food, water, shelter, shed. Microhabitat for birds, mammals, amphibians. Unit-IV. Conservation methods and Wild Life organizations, education and research. 1. Establishment, Headquarter, working structure, objectives and motto, rules and regulations, legal rights: a) U. I. C. N., b) W.W.F., c) BNHS, d) Wildlife preservation e) society, Central Zoo authority of India, f) National Board for wild life 2. Institutes for wildlife research, conservation and management. 3. Methods of wildlife conservation. 4. Anti-poaching operations and Village Forest councils. 5. Role of Govt. and NGO’s in wild life conservation. 6. Government administration in Wildlife protection and conservation: MOEF, State Biodiversity Board, State Forest Department. 7. Introduction to Wildlife Protection Act: Rules, regulations, legal rights of the Government and its implications. References: 1. Saharia, V. B. 1982 Wildlife in India, Nataraj Publishers, Dehra Dun. 2. Seshadri, B. 1986. India’s Wildlife reserves , Sterling Pub’rs Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 3. 3. Giles, R. H. Jr. (Ed) 1984. Wildlife Management Techniques 3rd edition. The wildlife Society, Washington. D.C. Nataraj Publishers, Dehradun. India 4. Dasmann, R. f. 1964, Wildlife Biology. John and Wiley and sons Newyork. Pp231. 5. Robinson, Wl. and Eric, G. Bolen, 1984. Wildlife Ecology and Management Mac Millan Publishing Co, Ny. Pp 478. 6. Rodgers, W. A. 1991. Techniques for Wildlife census in India – A Field manual technical Manual – Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun. 7. Sukumar. R. 1989. Ecology and management of Asian elephants. Oxford University Press. ------------------------------------ M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  19 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – I - (CBCS) - (w. e. f. 2020-21) Practical Paper Code-ZOL- C101, Lab Course in Animal Taxonomy and Evolution Credits: 02 Marks: 25 1. Equipments and collection methods for the invertebrates and vertebrates from terrestrial and aquatic habitats: Protozoa, Helminthes, Arthropods, Fishes. 2. Photo, Audio, Sonogram of animals for taxonomic studies. a. Use of still camera and Video-camera, Use of Infrared night vision camera, Sound recording in animals & Underwater camera. Sound recording of Birds, Frog, Mammal. 3. Taxonomy of local fauna for the distribution and conservational status and their preservation: Phytoplankton/Zooplankton, Gastropod/Bivalve, Ants, Spiders/Scorpion Mosquito, snakes, Birds. Use of specimen/Photo/Video/Audio 4. Studies on fossils, living fossils and connecting links Archaeopteryx, Peripatus, Limulus, Nautilus, Latimeria using models, photo. 5. Structure, types, management and maintenance of Museum and aquarium. 6. Problems and exercises in phylogeny of model organisms. 7. Molecular systematics of Fishes/Helminths and phylogenetics. ---------------------------------------- M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  20 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – I - (CBCS) - (w. e. f. 2020-21) Practical Paper Code-ZOL- C102, Lab Course in Nonchordates and Protochordates Credits: 02 Marks: 25 1. Museum study- based on Photo and /or models of the animals: minimum any two from each Class/Phyla given below. (Use of Photo, Model, Video, Audio, Sketches/Specimen) Protozoans- for the structural differences and habitat specificity, locomotory structures; Porifera spicules; Typical colony of Coelenterata; Arthropoda; Echinoderms; Cestodes, Trematodes, Nematodes and Molluscs, Amphioxux, Belanoglossus. 2. Study of various types of spicules and canal systems in sponges using specimen, slides, e-resources. 3. Larval forms in Helminths. 4. Larval forms in Arthropods. 5. Permanent mounting and specimen study of various zooids in coelenterate colony/Phytoplankton/Zooplankton. 6. Participation of students in One study tour: long distance/1-4 Days preferably to the sea coast, Sanctuary, National park etc. to observe the animals in their natural habitat and report writing/Seminar. --------------------------------------- M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  21 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – I - (CBCS)- (w. e. f. 2020-21) Practical Paper Code-ZOL-C103, Lab Course in Cell Biology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Credits: 02 Marks: 25 1. Study of Osmotic stress on cell membrane. 2. Cell organelle separation by Centrifugation: Nucleus. Mitochondria, Chloroplast 3. Cell division study- Mitosis and Meiosis, Onion/Garlic root tip, Grasshopper testis, snails. 4. Preparation, characterization, identification and submission of five slides of cells isolated from different organs of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. 5. Isolation of genomic DNA/RNA from Bacteria, animal and plant cells. 6. Isolation of plasmid DNA by using alkaline lysis method. 7. Study of in-vitro transcription and translation using PCR. 8. Genetic recombination (Conjugation, transformation, transduction) in bacteria. 9. Restriction fragment Length Polymorphism in DNA (RFLP) 10. Random amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). 11. Study of Southern hybridization. 12. Cloning in plasmid vectors and analysis of gene products. 13. Blotting and Hybridization techniques. 14. Restriction, digestion and ligation of DNA. 15. Preparation of competent cells and transformation by CaCl2 method. 16. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) by using DNA markers for molecular weight determination. ------------------------------------- M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  22 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – I - (CBCS)- (w. e. f. 2020-21) Practical Paper Code-ZOL- E101, Lab Course in Apiculture Credits: 02 Marks: 25 1) Study of external morphology of honeybee: Difference between Queen, Drones and Worker bees. 2) Study of Indian species of honeybee (External morphological features, comparative differences and special identification features) 3) Study of life cycle of honeybee 4) Study of architecture of honey comb 5) Study of diseases, pests, parasites and predators of the honeybee 6) Study of bee keeping equipments and their uses. 7) Microscopic study of morphology of bee sting. 8) Visit to an apiary to study bee-crop relationship and management practices of honeybees for Pollination. 9) Chemical analysis of honey: test for pure honey. Assessment for the adulteration in honey. 10) Identification and uses of various products and by-products from Apiculture: Honey, Proposlis, Bee wax, Pollen, Royal Jelly, Bee Bread, Bee venom. 11) Maintenance of honeybee colony (Rearing of live colony) in University campus.: Demonstration and setting of various parts of Bee Box. ------------------------------------------- M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  23 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – I - (CBCS) - (w. e. f. 2020-21) Practical Paper Code-ZOL-E102, Lab Course in Wild Life Biology Credits: 02 Marks: 25 1. Foot-print studies in Wildlife. Pellet shape and structure based identification of Wild animals. Make a plaster cast of domestic animals: Goat, Cat, Dog, cattle and its measurements and Compare the foot prints (Pagmarks) using photo, sketch of deer, Rohi, wolf, Jackle, Tiger, Lion, Leopard, wild boar. 2. Equipments for rescue of snakes, Birds, Mammals: Structure and application. 3. Habitat manipulation for conservation of wildlife: Nesting sites for birds: Artificial nesting in Birds. 4. Microscopic observation of fecal pellets/wastes of Hare, Deer, Monkeys, wild Boar, Wild cats, Birds for parasites and their infective stages. 5. Structure and working of traditional traps and netting methods used in wild life hunting and trapping. 6.Make a video, Audio, Documentary on wild animal, habitat, nest, mating calls, feeding calls etc. and its submission during examination. 7.Study of tracks, dung mounts, fecal pellets, hair, scats, burrows, nests, feathers. 8. DNA Fingerprinting in wildlife studies. 9. Trap camera use in wild life study. Collor Tags and GPS application in wild life study. 10. Visit to wildlife Sanctuary/National Park and submission of Report. Population estimation of Wild Life using statistical methods. ----------------------------------------- M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  24 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – II - (CBCS) - (w. e. f. 2020-21) Syllabus- Theory Paper Code: ZOT- C201 Title of the Paper – Developmental Biology (Core Course - CC) Credits: 04 Marks: 100 Periods: 60 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Course objectives: 1. To study the structure and function of the basic unit of living organisms. 2. To study steps in animal development. 3. To determine the modern trends and tools, techniques in Animal embryology and development. Course Outcome: After learning the development of life from cell to multicellularity complex and coordinated systems in organisms the students can apply this knowledge for research, and education, to solve the problems related to development in animals through research. Unit I. Gametogenesis, fertilization and early development: 1. Production of gametes- 1.1. Spermatogenesis in mammals, structure of sperm, Semen formation and composition. 1.2. Oogenesis in mammals, Structure of egg and types. 2. Cell surface molecules in sperm-egg recognition in animals; Unit II Zygote formation in animals 1.1. Capacitation 1.2. Prevention to polyspermy (Fast block and slow block) 1.3. Acrosome reaction. 1.4. Activation of Egg metabolism. 2. Type of eggs, Cleavage and patterns of embryonic cleavage. 3. Blastula formation and fate map of blastula. 4. Gastrulation and formation of 3 germ layers in animals (Ex. Frog and Chick) 5. Extra embryonic membrane formation. Unit III Basic concepts of animal development: 1. Potency. 2. Commitment. 3. Specification. 4. Induction. 5. Competence. 6. Determination and differentiation. M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  25 7. Morphogenetic gradients. 8. Cell fate and cell lineages. 9. Stem cells. 10. Imprinting; mutants and transgenics in analysis of development. Unit IV Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals: 1. Cell aggregation and differentiation in Dictyostelium; 2. Axes and pattern formation in Drosophila, 2.1. Segmentation genes, 2.2. Homeotic genes 3. Nuclear transplantation and cloning in mammals. 4. The concept of totipotency embryonic stem cells. 5. Differentiation of neurons, 6. Post embryonic development- 6.1. Larval formation, 6.2. Metamorphosis; 6.3. Environmental regulation of normal development; 7. Sex determination. References: 1. Developmental Biology by Gilbert Scott 2. Molecular biology of the cell By Albert et al 3. Molecular biology of the Gene by Watson et al 4. Principle of Development by Wolpert 5. Genes VIII/ IX By Benjamin Lewin 6. Developmental Biology by Balinsky 7. Developmental Biology by Berril 8. Developmental Biology by Waddington 9. Chordate Embryology: Verma and Agarwal. 9. Readings are also assigned from journals and from Internet resources such as Medline( Http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih,gov/entrez/quey.fcgi) and bio Med Net ( http/www.bmn.com/) Wikipedia etc. --------------------------------------------- M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  26 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – II - (CBCS) - (w. e. f. 2020-21) Syllabus- Theory Paper Code: ZOT- C202 Title of the Paper – Chordates structure and function (Core Course – CC) Credits: 04 Marks: 100 Periods: 60 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Objectives: To study the basic structure and function of Chordates. To determine the progress and complexity in the development and evolution of different chordate groups for their habitat selection, adaptation and regulation of the life processes. Course outcome: Students will get an idea about how the evolution process incurred, its sequences, adaptations and degenerations. It is a basic study can be useful for all kinds of application issues in animal science. UNIT-I 1. Basic structure of Chordate animal and its characters. 2. Difference between Vertebrates and Chordates. 3. Adaptive Radiation in Vertebrates. 4. Distribution and characters of Lung fishes. 5. General structure and functions of Integument and its derivatives in vertebrates. UNIT-II 1. Evolution of Heart and Aortic arches in Vertebrates. 2. Respiratory pigments in animals. 3. Structure of Gill and respiration in fishes. 4. Structure of lung and respiration in Mammals. 5. Integumentary respiration in Amphibia. UNIT-III 1. Comparative structure of alimentary canal and associated digestive glands in vertebrates. 2. Structure of brain and spinal cord in Fishes and mammals. Cranial nerves and their functions in fishes and Mammals. 3. Comparative structure of heart in Elasmobranches, Teleost, Frog, Calotes and Typical Mammal. Single and double circulation of blood. 4. Structure and functions of Kidney in fishes and Mammals. UNIT-IV 1. Jaw suspension in vertebrates. 2. Structure and functions of Brain and cranial nerves in fishes and Mammal. 3. Structure and working of Mammalian Ear and Eye. 4. Distribution and Characters of pouched mammals- Kangaroo, Aquatic mammals- Whales. 5. Introduction to Dugong, Seal and Walrus. 6. Classification and characters of Chiroptera. SUGGESTED READINGS 1. Vertebrate Zoology – Prasad. 2. Vertebrate Zoology- Kotpal and Kshetrapal- Rastogi Publication, Meerut. 3. Invertebrate Zoology-Kotpal and Kshetrapal- Rastogi Publication, Meerut. 4. Chordate Zoology- Jordan and Verma 5. Vertebrate Body – Romer, W. B. Saunders and Co. Philadelphia. 6. Life of Mammals – Young J. Z., Oxford University Press, London. 7. Evolution of Chordate Structure – Smith H. S. 8. Chordate Zoology – Dhami and Dhami. M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  27 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – II - (CBCS) - (w. e. f. 2020-21) Syllabus- Theory Paper, Code: ZOT- C203 Title of the Paper – Biochemistry and Immunology (Core Course - CC) Credits: 04 Marks: 100 Periods: 60 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Course Objective: 1. Objective of this course is to help the student to navigate the discipline of Biochemistry that explains how the collection of inanimate molecules. 2. To determine the biochemistry and biochemical reactions in the animals as their life processes. Course Outcome: 1. The students may clear the NET/SET/GATE and other scientific screening tests conducted by various departments and agencies involved actively in research and development in science and technology. 2. There are opportunities for the students after completing this course in bioprocessing and biotechnological research institutes. Unit-I: 1. Acids and bases, Buffer solutions, Physiological and Biological Buffers. 2. Introduction to Amino acids and proteins. Amino acid, structure and properties of Amino Acids. Non-standard, Modified Amino acids. 3. Biologically important peptides. 4. Structure of proteins, Ramchandran plot. Fibrous proteins, Globular proteins, collagen, elastin, keratins, myoglobins, haemoglobins, haemoglobin varients and pathological effects, Protein sequencing. Unit-II 1. Nucleic acids: Structure and functions. 2. Double stranded DNA (A, B, Z DNA). Triple and quadraplex structures. 3. RNA Types and biological functions. 4. Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Gluconeogenesis, Kreb’s Cycle (TCA Cycle). 5. Introduction to Enzymes and their Classification. Enzyme action. Coenzymes. UNIT-III 1. Acquired or adaptive immunity. 2. Active and Passive immunity. 3. Cells and organs related to immunity- (Generation, activation and differentiation) T-Cells and B-cells 4. Immunoglobulins- Classification, structure and functions. 5. Antigen-Antibody interaction and its applications. UNIT-IV 1. Hypersensetivity: Types and causing factors. 2. Immunodeficiency and AIDS. 3. Auto-immune diseases. 4. Hybridoma Technology: Monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies. 5. MHC (Major Histo-competability Complex) Structure and functions. M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  28 References: 1. Biochemical calculations- Erwin, H. Segel. John Willy and Sons. 2. General Chemistry- Linus Pauling. W. H. Freeman and Company 3. Biochemistry-D. Voet and J. G. Wileymand Sons. 4. Physical Biochemistry- D. Frefilelder. W. H. Freemand and Company. 5. Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Worh and Work. 6. Understanding Chemistry, CNR Rao, Universities Press, Hyderabad. 7. A biologists Guide to Principles and Practices in Biochemistry- K. Wilson and K. H. Coulding. ELBS, (1986). 8. Tools of Biochemistry- T. G. Cooper. 9. Biochemistry- G. H. Well. M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  29 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – II - (CBCS) - (w. e. f. 2020-21) Syllabus- Theory Paper- Code: ZOT- E201 Title of the Paper – Goat Farming (Discipline Specific Elective – DSE) Credits: 04 Marks: 100 Periods: 60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Objectives of the course: 1. To introduce the zoology students for applied education based courses like Goat Farming. 2. To promote the agro-based business like Goat-farming in the local farmers and unemployed youth for their self employment. 3. To introduce the business thought about Goat meat is highly demanded meat all over the world hence high need of goat farming. Outcome of the course: 1. Students can start their own small scale or large scale business. 2. Students may get the jobs in the goat farms as scientific expert and manager of the farm. 3. There are research opportunities in the Goat research Institutes, Goat milk, meat and leather industries for those who complete the course successfully. Unit-I. Introduction and Planning 1. Introduction to goat farming and support of goat farming for low income group. 2. Goat Breeds in the world: For meat, fur, milk, leather. Biography of commercially important goat species in India 3. Exotic goat species introduced in India: their success and failure. 4. Basic requirements, Planning for goat farming: Finance by self and bank loans, self help groups. Project formulation, Investment, income and profit in goat farming business. 5. Types of goat farming: success and problems in types of shelter. 6. Structure, engineering and basic requirements to establish a goat farm. Unit-II. Goat Health and Management 1. External morphology of goat, commercial use of goat body parts: Skin-Leather, Hairs, Hooves and horns, bones, Muscles and organs, Blood. 2. Characters, composition and uses of Goat milk. 3. Nutritional value of Goat meat (Chevon) and its biochemical composition. Preservation and processing of meat. Desirable features of chevon. 4. Digestive system of goat. Basic, supplementary and nutritional food for goats. 5. Reproduction, estrus cycle, breeding and reproduction in Goats. Management and care of Bucks, doe and kids. 6. Diseases in Goat: Causative organism, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment and preventive measures. Vaccination against infectious diseases in goats. Disease management_ Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, Parasitic, Nutritional. Causes and mortality in goat. Unit-III. Goat products, by-products, marketing management 1. Fodder plants for goat: Shrubs, trees, grass, agriculture waste. 2. Goat meat: slaughter of goat, separation of goat meat, preservation, processing, marketing, distribution and export. 3. Goat leather processing and uses. 4. Fecal waste, urine from goat farm and its management, goat manure. Unit-IV Farm management and Economics. 1. Labor, office staff, instruments, transport vehicles, maintenance and management. 2. Goat market, Local Bazaars: processes and places. 3. Economics of goat farming. M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  30 4. Goat farming research and education institutes in India. 5. Wild goat species in India. References: 1) Hand Book of Goat farming In India. Engineers India Research Institute (EIRI) 2) Kumar, Shalander : Commercialization of Goat Farming and Marketing of Goats in India. 3) Final Report of ICAR Ad-hoc Research Scheme 2004-07, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura. Agricultural Economics Research Review Vol.20 (Conf. Issue) 4) Birthal, P.S. and P.K. Joshi (2006) High Value Agriculture for Accelerated and Equitable Growth: Policy Brief. No. 24, National Centre for Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, New Delhi, December. 5) Dalgado, C., M. Rosegrant, H. Steinfedl, S. Ehui,and C. Courbois (1999) Livestock to 2020 — The Next Food Revolution. Food, Agriculture and Environment Discussion Paper 28, IFPRI, Washington. 6) Kumar, Shalander (2007) Commercialization of Goat Farming and Marketing of Goats in India. Final Report of ICAR Ad-hoc Research Scheme 2004-07, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura. 7) Kumar, Shalander (2007) Multi-disciplinary project on transfer of technology for sustainable goat production, Annual Report 2006-07, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura. 8) Kumar, Shalander and P.R. Deoghare (2002) Goat rearing and rural poor: A case study in south- western semiarid zone of Uttar Pradesh. Annals of Arid Zone, 41(1): 79-84. 9) Kumar, S., V.S. Vihan and P.R. Deoghare (2003) Economic implication of diseases in goats in India with special reference to implementation of a health plan calendar. Small Ruminant Research, 47: 159-164. 10) Singh, N.P. (2006) Technological advances for commercial goat production. In: Commercial Goat and Sheep Farming and Marketing: Farmer-Industry- Researcher Interface, Eds: N.P. Singh, S. Kumar, A.K. Goel and R.K. Vaid, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, pp. 1-17. 11) Singh, N.P. and Shalander Kumar (2007) An alternative approach to research for harnessing production potential of goats. Proceedings of 4th National Extension Congress, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  31 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – II - (CBCS) - (w. e. f. 2020-21) Syllabus- Theory Paper- Code: ZOT- E202 Title of the Paper – Conservation Biology (Discipline Specific Elective – DSE) Credits: 04 Marks: 100 Periods: 60 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Objectives: Man himself is a part of ecosystem. The ecosystems in the world are continuously under the pressure of anthropogenic activities and human mediated ecological changes. Several animal species are under the survival threats and accordingly they are categorized by IUCN. The aim of the contents of this course is to introduce and explain about various conservation issues of the ecosystem and animals. Course outcome: The knowledge acquired from this course will be useful to work as nature conservationist in private and Govt sector,. NGOs. Unit-I. Biodiversity: 1. Definition of Biodiversity, Why to preserve and conserve the Biodiversity? Species diversity, ecosystem diversity. Habitat biodiversity: Alpha, Beta and Gama diversity. How biodiversity is estimated. 2. Biodiversity at global level: Arctic, Forests, Fresh water, Marine, Arid desert, saline marshes and brackish water. Wetlands, Montains, hillstreams, vallies. Grasslands. 3. Criteria for Biodiversity Hotspots. Importance of Biodiversity hotspots. 4. Biodiversity Hotspots in the world and India, and their specific features. 5. Importance and value of Biodiversity: Consumption value; Productive value; Social and ethical value. 6. Climate change and Biodiversity. Natural Resources, overexploitation and their conservation. Unit-II. Conservation-1 1. Endemic plants and animals, causes of endemism. 2. Traditional knowledge for biodiversity conservation. 3. Cultural practices for biodiversity conservation. 4. Diversity and conservation of endemic cultivated crops and endemic animals in Maharashtra. 5. National and state animals in India. National animals of various countries in the world. Unit-III. Conservation - II 1. Alien species and their role in biodiversity. Invasive species and their interaction with existing biodiversity. 2. Ex-Situ and In-Situ conservation. Captive Breeding and restoration. 3. Seed Bank, sperm Bank, cryo-preservation of animal gametes. 4. Sources of DNA from plant and animal tissue. 5. Radioactive Carbon dating of fossils. Unit-IV. Endangered species 1. Various terms used under IUCN categories related to conservation of animals: LC, Rare, Vulnerable, Near threatened, Threatened, Endangered, Critically endangered, Extinct. 2. Vulnerability and extinction process. stochastic and density dependent demographic processes can affect extinction risk. 3. Fragmentation of habitat and Edges. M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  32 4. Keystone species, Ecosystem engineers. 5. Protected area and biodiversity conservation. 6. Community participation in biodiversity conservation. 7. Career and job opportunities in conservation. Reference Books: 1. Principles of Conservation Biology. 2006. M. J. Groom, G. K. Meffe, C. R. Carroll, and contributors. Third edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA. 2. Essentials of Conservation Biology, Fourth Edition, by Richard Primack 3. Wild Life Ecology: Aaron, N. M. W. H. Freeman and Company, USA(1973). 4. The Book of Indian Shells: Apte Deepak, Oxford University Press, Mumbai. 5. Dietary Husbandary of Wild Mammalia: Arora B. M. AIZ & W. V. Bareilly and CZA, New Delhi. (2001). 6. Reproduction in wild Mammals and Conservation: Arora B. M. AIZ & W. V. Bareilly and CZA, New Delhi. (2002). 7. A Texbook of Agriculture Statistics: Chandel S. R. S., Achal Prakashan Mandir, Kanpur (1999). 8. A Texbook of Indian Reptiles and Amphibians: Daniel J. C. Natraj Publishers Dehradun (1999). 9. Concepts on Wild Life Management: Hosetti B. B., Daya Publishing House Delhi (1997). 10. Biodiversity and its Conservation in India: Negi S. S., Indus Publishing Co. , New Delhi (1993). 11. Mannual of Wild Life Management in India: Negi S. S., Indus Publishing Co. , New Delhi (1993). --------------------------------- M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  33 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – II - (CBCS) – (w. e. f. 2020-21) Practical Paper Code-ZOL- C201, Lab Course in Developmental Biology Credits: 02 Marks: 25 1. Microscopic study of structure of sperms. 2. Study of semen for sperm motility and abnormalities. 3. Micro techniques for histology and histo-chemistry of tissue preparation. 4. Study of developmental stages in fertilized egg of hen (Various Hrs. stages of Embryonic Development) and demonstration of organogenesis in chick embryo. 5. Study of regeneration in earthworms and cultivable fishes. 6. Preparation and submission of five slides of cells isolated from different organs of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. 7. Techniques of cryopreservation of Ova and sperms in fish/Cattle. 8. Computer simulated experiments in animal embryology and cell biology. ------------------------------------ M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  34 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – II - (CBCS) - (w. e. f. 2020-21) Practical Paper Code-ZOL- C202, Lab Course in Chordates Structure and Function Credits: 02 Marks: 25 1. Virtual dissection of Rat and Frog for various systems. (Computer Simulated demonstrations and Problems) a. Pisces- Photo/models/specimen- Zygaena, Stingray, Electric Ray, Channa sp. , Catla catla, Wallago attu, Notopterus sp., Mastacembellus armatus, exocoetus, Echenius, Diodon, Hippocampus, Puntius sp. b. Amphibians- Photo/Model based study of Ichthyophis sp., Rhacophorus sp., Hyla sp. c. Reptiles- Photo/Model based study of Chameleon sp., Phrynosoma sp., Varanus sp., Viper sp., Rat snake sp., Cobra sp., Turtle sp. d. Aves- Photo/Model based study of Bubo, Duck, Vulture, Pigeon, Sparrow, Crow. e. Mammals- Photo/Model based study of Loris Sp. Bat sp., Funambulus sp., Duckbill platypus, Echidna, Kangaroo. 2. Mounting of scales in fishes for the structural differences: Cycloid, Ctenoid, Placoid. 3. Comparative Microscopic study of structure of scales in fishes and reptiles. 4. Model or Photo based study of Horns in mammals; Feathers, beak and claws in birds. ----------------------------------- M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  35 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – II - (CBCS) - (w. e. f. 2020-21) Practical Paper Code-ZOL- C203, Lab Course in Biochemistry and Immunology Credits: 02 Marks: 25 1. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography method. 2. Separation of antigen, antibody by gel electrophoresis. 3. Solution Preparation, understanding Molarity, Normality, buffer, pH Meter 4. Amplification of DNA by using PCR Tools. 5. Experiments on enzyme activity ( Amylase, Protease, Lipase, inhibitors) 6. Estimation of Reducing/Non-Reducing sugars by colorimetry/Spectrophotometry and applications of the study. 7. Separation and identification of sugars by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Introduction to Gas Chromatography (GC). 8. Separation of amino acids and proteins from blood samples by polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ((PAGE). 9. Introduction and uses of HPLC M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  36 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – II – (CBCS) – (w. e. f. 2020-21) Practical Paper Code-ZOL- E203, Lab Course Practical in Goat Farming Credits: 02 Marks: 25 1. Goat species in India used for Goat Farming: Morphological special features used in identification. Important characters useful for goat farming using the models and photo. 2. Identifications of Goat farming equipments and their uses: Feeders, Horn and Hoof cutters 3. Identification of Goat farm Models: Characters, Advantages and disadvantages. 4. Types of Goat Fodder plants : Plant species and Importance in goat feeding. 5. Supplementary nutrients: Identification and importance. 6. Goat Diseases: Diseases of adults, kids: Photo and Models. 7. Characters of a sick goat and healthy goat: Demonstration by Photo, models, visits to Goat farm. 8. Collection and characterization of goat parasites from Intestine, fecal pellets. 9. Ectoparasites of goats and remedies: Collection and identification. 10. Management of Goat farm. Vaccination in Goat (Study of vaccine chart) 11. Economic and commercial value of goat products and byproducts: Meat, Horn, Hooves, Bones, Blood., Goat Urine and Manure. 12. Visit to a goat farm and report writing on economics of Goat farming. M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  37 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology-First Year, Semester – II – (CBCS) – (w. e. f. 2020-21) Practical Paper Code-ZOL- E203, Lab Course in Conservation Biology Credits: 02 Marks : 25 1. Use of camera for close-up photograph of the head of an Insect: Cockroach, Housefly, compound eye, antennae of ants, head of ants. 2. Record and interpret sonogram of bird calls and identification of bird species. 3. Sonogram study of Insects, Frogs. Study of audio records of deer, wild boar, forest bear, Deer species from e resources. 4. GPS and its applications in fields to record coordinates of the habitat. 5. Use of Maps me app for marking GPS coordinates on map. 6. Preparation of field maps, vegetation maps. 7. Use of various marker pens on spiders and other insects like scorpion or other suitable model insects for capture and recapture studies to enumerate the population size. 8. Using Photographs, Models, diagrams identify and study the applications of various ringing and tagging devices in birds and other animals. 9. Study Tour assignment: Prepare a systematic plan, itinerary and a brochure to visit a sanctuary, Wild Life Reserve for 2-3 days and 2-3 nights (excluding travel days). Indicating purpose (Aim), objectives, expected outcome. Observe the habitat and record the biodiversity. Suggest environmental awareness. 10. Visit a village and survey the anthropogenic impact on natural resources, wild life and biodiversity in general: Record the dependence of community, pattern of use of resource and suggestions for the conservation, sustainable use. Use statistics for the qualitative and quantitative analysis; tabulation, evaluation, representation of data. Interpret the results. M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  38 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology, Second Year- Semester – III (CBCS) - (w. e. f. 2020-21) Syllabus – Theory Paper, Code: ZOT- C301 Title of the Paper – Animal Physiology and Endocrinology (Core Course-CC) Credits: 04 Marks: 100 Periods: 60 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Objectives: 1. To understand the fundamental principles of animal physiology. 2. To understand the physiology and functions of animal systems. 3. To understand the body functions and adaptations in respect to its external & internal environments related to nervous integration, sensation, metabolism & reproduction in animals.. Course Outcome: 1. Students are able to understand the physiology at the cellular and system level. 2. Able to understand the types and mechanism of nerve cells. 3. Able to understand the nature endocrine glands and their secretion, 4. Possible to determine the role and functions of different systems. That can be applied in various required fields in career development. UNIT – I. Body fluids: 1. General Organization of alimentary canal – Role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas & intestinal glands in the process of digestion. 2. Digestion and Absorption of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids and its hormonal regulation. Pancreatic hormones and their role in digestion. Details on Diabetes. 3. Body fluids, formed elements of blood (Composition of blood), Coagulation of blood and theories of coagulation. 4. Nitrogenous and non-nitrogenous excretory products in animals. Urea cycle. UNIT – II. Study of different systems: 1. Structure of mammalian heart and it’s working. Closed system of circulation in Mammals. 2. Lymphatic system and its physiology. 3. Structure of mammalian kidney–Urine formation- acid base regulatory mechanisms. Endocrine regulation of water & mineral balance. Osmoregulation and mechanisms. 4. Types of muscles – Ultra-structure-Mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles. 5. Nerve conduction- Synapse-Neurotransmitters- Nervous co-ordination-Coding information to sensory organs. 6. Male and female reproductive system in a Mammal and hormonal control of sex and reproduction. UNIT – III. Hormonal regulation in Mammals: 1. Hormones, Neurohormones, Neurotransmitters. Physiology of Hormone action. 2. Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland and Adrenal gland: Structure, hormones and their functions. 3. Thyroid hormone synthesis and its regulation, Physiology of Goiter. 4. Hormones and calcium metabolism in vertebrates. UNIT- IV. Hormonal regulation in animals: 1. Endocrine system in a Crustacean. Hormones and color changes in Crustacea. M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  39 2. Endocrine glands, hormones and their functions in fishes. Hormones and color changes in Fishes. 3. Structure of endocrine system and hormones in insects. 4. Hormonal regulation of reproduction, molting and development in insects 5. Parthenogenesis. References: 1. Ganong, H, Review of Medial Physiology, 1989. 14th edition, Appleton &Lange publisher, New York 2. Physiology: A regulatory system approach, Fleur, and Strand, (1978). Macmillan Publishing Company, New York; Collier Macmillan Publishers, London. 3. Shier, D., Butler, J. And Lewis, R., Hole‟s Human Anatomy and Physiology, (10th edition) 2003. WCB/McGraw Hill, Boston. 2003. 4. Human Physiology- Gyton. (Elsvier Publication). 4. Animal Physiology, EcKert, R (5th edition), 2002. W.H.Freeman. 5. Williams S. Hoar (1991) General and Comparative Physiology 3rd edition. Prentice Hall of India- New Delhi. 6. Neilson, K.S. Animal Physiology, 1997. Cambridge University Press, Pergamon Press, Oxford. 7. Prosser, C.L. and Brown-Jr. F.A.: Comparative Animal Physiology, 1961. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia. 8. A Text Book of Comparative Vertebrate endocrinology – P. J. Bentley – S. Chand and co. New Delhi. 09. Comparative vertebrate Endocrinology – Gorbman and Ber n – ELBS Publishers, London, New York. 10. Comparative Vertebrate Endocrinology – Turner – ELBS Pub. 11. Endocrinology of Reproduction – Nalbandhu. 12. A Text Book of Animal Physiology – Nagbhushnam, Kodarkar and Sarojini – Oxford and IBH Co. New Delhi. 13. Fish Endocrinology – J. M. Matty. 14. Invertebrate Endocrinology – Hyman L. H. 15. Fish Endocrinology Vol. – I- VI, Hoar and Randall. 16. Invertebrate Endocrinology by Hyman & Hill -------------------------------------- M. Sc. Zoology (First & Second Year - Sem I, II & III, IV), School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, w. e. f. June, 2020-2021. Total pages 76.  40 S.R.T.M. UNIVERSITY, NANDED School of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology M. Sc. Zoology, Second Year- Semester – III (CBCS) - (w. e. f. 2020-21) Syllabus- Theory Paper, Code: ZOT- C302 Title of the Paper – Ecology, Ethology and Biostatistics (Core Course-CC) Credits: 04 Marks: 100 Periods: 60 Course Objectives: 1. To study higher levels of the organization of life on the earth and the interrelations between organisms and their environment. 2. To study the ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behaviour and its role in enabling animals to adapt to their ecological niches. Course Outcome: The student will get idea about the ecological process in its surrounding and at national, global level and the use of his/her knowledge on ecology , behaviour and Biostatics can be applied in education, research and extension