Mood Disorders PDF

Mood Disorders Chap 13 Dr. Injeti  Mood disorder is the umbrella term that encompasses conditions in which individuals experience an extreme in the continuum of typical moods. Description of From low, sad, unpleasant mood of unipolar depre...

Mood Disorders Chap 13 Dr. Injeti  Mood disorder is the umbrella term that encompasses conditions in which individuals experience an extreme in the continuum of typical moods. Description of From low, sad, unpleasant mood of unipolar depression. Condition To elevated, elated, energized mood of mania. Individuals who experience both ends of the continuum are known as having bipolar disorder. Clinical condition will continue unless treated Description of of Mood disorder frequently occur in conjunction with other mental ConditioDescription condition, such as anxiety and personality disorders and with medical illness. of Conditionn be depressed because · can people of their state of mind medical conditions cause · can Depression or shift In mood Criteria Described as episodes: Depressed mood, loss of interests, loss of pleasure in life activities, and significant impairments in loss of interest : can be in any areas of what you social, occupational or other areas of life (ex hobbies eating intimacy : enjoy (anhedonia) for at least 2 weeks are the main , , characteristics of a depressive episode. Important : 2weeks= Depression. How long have you been experiencing this ? & What is your ? intimacy · Important to understand if there is Intimacy In the first place (may need to po caregiver education)  Depressive episodes are also characterized by an increase or decrease of sleep, weight loss or gain, difficulty concentrating, and feeling worthless and or guilt. Criteria An abnormal elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for at Sleep : people either sleep to much or too least 1 week, in conjunction with with inflated self-esteem, rapid speech, psychomotor agitation, and involvement in Little Eating : becomes a coping skill or guilt being : loose aware interest of your behavior , but high-risk activities, characterize a manic episode. unable to change It) Cycle involving Self Worth) hyperverbal manic : high off life , high risk activities. at least for I Week Hypomanic Episodes Similar to manic episodes, with periods of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, but symptoms are less intensive and without marked impairment I social or occupational functioning.  Major Depression Disorders (MDD) This disorder is considered unipolar. I Depression) just Experience of symptoms vary in it’s feature and severity. I be physical sensory issues) can , However, individuals with MDD are more likely to experience pain, and physical illness along with decreased physical, social, role functioning. I Depression someDiagnosis Fiber mydigia affects physiogically Up to 15% with severe depression will commit suicide (DSM-IV). Male gender and previous history of self-harming were significant risk factors for committing suicide. males because everfactors of had suicipal ? a have you thoughts to better understand questions symptoms causing most is symptomology , the heaviness Impact on daily functioning, care, and self-care Melancholic Loss of pleasure in nearly all activities and or lack of pleasure even when something good happens. Early morning wakening Increased depression in the morning Marked weight loss Excessive guilt Psychomotor retardation and agitation  ~ ex : tapping their legs , · however when It becomes Does It to relax occurs Body agitation , where than that's Disrupting Psychomotor agitation refers to a state of restlessness and anxiety that results in repetitive and Psychomotor · unintentional movements. Psychomotor retardation is the slowing down or hampering of your mental or physical activities. ↓ exhausting have to extend time IS everything slow , , for activity Atypical Features Mood brightening with positive events and functions that are opposite to melancholic (e.g., increase appetite and sleep is excessive). Characteristic sxs: paralysis, sxs worsen at night in atypical depression, with individuals highly sensitive to rejection.  Psychosis Maybe be present with MDD identified in terms of congruence. Mood-congruence psychotic features: delusion or hallucination with depressive themes such as feeling inadequate, guilty, thoughts of death and punishment. thinking delusionally They are so depressed that they are people wi mania may feel like they are powerful and also have psychosis such as broadcasting Mood-incongruent: thought broadcasting, delusions of grandeur. Dx: MDD with psychotic features.  Applied if the onset occurs during pregnancy or within 4 weeks after birth. Peripartum “Baby blues” as many as 50% to 70% of new mothers experience sxs (usually 10 days after birth) onset & Support system is crucial: a very, very understand partner and others. = Need to be educated prior during family planning. = Bipolar 1 Episodes or mixed episodes (frequent fluctuating between low and expansive mood). Recovery varies greatly for individuals with this illness. Most individuals with bipolar 1 disorder experience long-term impact on occupational performance. Long term occupation performance impairment and mixed episodes Hypomanic episode: high manic state As OTs we are concerned with their occupational performance. Bipolar II Characterized by one or more major depressive episodes and at least one hypomanic episode. Significant impairment in life functioning must be present for diagnostic criteria. Impairment of occupational performance often occurs during depressive episode. etiology Neurobiological causes: chemical imbalance which can be a result of body inability to provide a balance in chemical transaction. Prolonged stress is known to reduce the threshold for depression. Early stressors can challenge our flight or fight response system. Sleep disturbances. Genes Etiology Environmental factors: predisposed to violence, abuse can change neural pathways (specifically limbic-cortical circuits). Cognitive beliefs influence in the development of depression. For example: adverse events such as death of the parent can lead to negative attitude and biases about the self and the world. Beliefs become routinized and Resistant to Change, in a way the assigns negative meanings subsequent stressful events, even those that are minor. WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT KNOW AS CLINCIANS? Caregiver education, parent education, Helps you to identify questions to dive deeper into adverse effects Course: Depression Average age of onset: 20 years old. Infants as young as 3 months triggered by caregiver's depression and result in social withdrawal. Associated with aging.  Average age of onset 19. Course: bipolar Frequent cycling of episode is associated with decline in functon.  Depression Poor self-esteem Impact of Low motivation to participate with tasks Bipolar Occupation Exaggerated self-esteem Perfomrance Difficulty completing tasks Impact of Occupation Perfomrance Areas frequently affected: quality of life Pain, content, social interaction, relationships, sleep Cognition (executive functioning, speed of processing information, attention span, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning, and problem solving). How can we understand cognition as a clinician: asking questions, having them explain things, Behavior (motivation, task completion) Social (withdrawn, poor eye contact, listening skills, interpersonal conflicts). Impact of Occupation Perfomrance Physiological (sleep difficulties, restlessness and fatigue) Daily routines (sleep, self-care, meals, social relationships) Intervention Approaches page. 191 table 13-2 Family Cognitive Behavioral Dunn’s Model of Sensory Interpersonal and Social education/supported Peer support programs Approaches Processing rhythm therapy education Exercise and other forms Enabling Spiritual Supported employment Community Arts Sleep hygiene of physical activities participating medication