Molecular Genetics PDF

Molecular genetics - chromosomes...

Molecular genetics - chromosomes are only visible during cell division. because DNA exists usually · Genome in losse-thread like structure but - a genome is all the genetic during cell division , DNA coils up material of which makes it visible an organism.. All the DNA inside one cell is called the Chromatin DNA structural proteins. genome ·. : + So DNA when it's , chromatin is basically DNA is stored inside our chrom- in it's lose thread like form and wrap - · somes but there is also DNA ped around histone proteins. (DNA exists in our mitochondria. So all of that as chromatin most of the time , except combined is the for when the cell about to divide -> genome. is then chromatin coils up into a chromo- found Genome is cell in body ) · in every our some. base- - & - mitochondria DNA pairs & 3 nuclear DNA Genome a - · The genome includes , base pairs , DNA Pie strands , DNA double helix , Nucleotide , histone proteins nucleosome , chromatin , chrosomeses and Chromosome it's coiled genes tightly ·. : a version S of chromatin it's DNA-mole. a very long all of these make up the wrapped around each other. genome , cule > - is not molecule it's genome - a just concept that includes all & a this. It's Like collection of genetic · material. It provides all the information required for to function a exists two form single organism an chromosome i , and develop S chromosome which is unreplicated and summary : A genome is all the genes an individual * - shaped chromosome (replicated form) · cell has eukaryotes : nucleus - a chromatid is one half of a duplicated nucleoid refers to single strand Prokaryotes : region chromosome. a not Chromosome · connected to another chromatid ~ * chromosome thread-like is long · a a structure that is made up of DNA and proteins. in eukaryotic # Centromere ↑ cells DNA is coiled · sister chromatids is then the two · chromosomes are located in- up inside them identical copies of a chromosome that side of the nucleus each cell in our body. - are made when DNA is replicated , they - we have 46 chromosomes in the nucleus and are joined by a centromere. always come - each one of them has a DNA molecule inside in pairs. centromere them. - held by centro- mere information chromosomes carry genetic - no In in the form of genes. I code for specific sister. Sister chromatid chromatid proteins  location ~ · Order of chromosome chromatin etc. · Locus it's a location of gene , : a on a chromosome. So would be located gene a on a locus it's like address of a , an gene , Chromatin > chromosome - > helps you locate a chromosome. gene on - a o Different alleles of exist 3 at the a gene can same locus. chromatid called chromatid ene for blue eyes ~ 9 o - * when separate different ↓ * , of locus eye chromosomes. Color gene. Sister chromatids - same chromosome - called Sister chromatids > - chromatin (in daughter cell) · Homologous chromosomes : - similar in Shape/size Homologous chromosomes they pairs of each locus is in the same position - : are chromosomes that the same for the. trait carry genes carry genes - same in the order but have different same may alleles (alleles different forms of Genetic inform -. are the code : contains all - the genetic the of color has ation needed to control the cells activity gene ex same. gene eye. different alleles , blue eyes or green eyes) The genetic code has three letter nucleotides We inherit different alleles from each parent. that are called codons (it's a sequence of - we have chromosomes in cell expect the sex three nucleotides that code for specific amino every cells which are also called gamets. acid) The genetic code has 64 codons. 61 codons - we have 22 pairs of chromosomes that are are for amino acid and 3 for stop/start. autosomes (they don't determine the sex , they contain genes for ex eye color , height etc). We have 2 pair of sex chromosoms that determine the sex. · Genes a chromosome of & - a gene is a small section in DNA , & that is made up of a sequence of nucleotides (A-T-C-G) Genes contain (1. the information to code for specific proteins (proteins are responsible for traits like height , eye color etc. ) this of nucleotids act code. sequence as a thisiscalledage productits t the · Dut In - alleles are different versions of the same (blue eyes). characteristic. us brown We have 20-25 000 , genes.  - Nucleotide. - don Genetic code = contains all the information to necessary control the cell's activities. Karystype ? Histones ? Diploid organism ? Diploid ? individuals ? haploid ?! Nucleosome ? ? homogoulus chromosomes