MarB 121 Integrated Coastal/Marine Resources Management PDF

MarB 121 Integrated Coastal/Marine Resources Management RAFAEL JUNNAR P. DUMALAN, MSc Department of Biological Sciences College of Arts and Sciences...

MarB 121 Integrated Coastal/Marine Resources Management RAFAEL JUNNAR P. DUMALAN, MSc Department of Biological Sciences College of Arts and Sciences 20 Aug 2024 Slides adapted and modified from HR Montes (2021) Module 1: The coastal zone and marine ecosystem Lesson 1.1: Philippine coastal zone and marine ecosystem Lesson 1.1: Philippine coastal zone and marine ecosystem Learning Outcomes: ❑ Understand the concept of coastal zones/ecosystems. ❑ Identify the coastal and marine resources. ❑ Appreciate the need to manage coastal/marine resources. Most people live near the sea. Why? 4 5 A. Definition of the coastal and marine areas What is a coastal area? an entity of land and water that is affected by the biological and physical processes of both the sea and the land defined broadly for the purpose of managing the use of its natural (coastal) resources (GESAMP, 2001) 6 A. Definition of the coastal and marine areas What is a coastal area? “a band of dry land and adjacent ocean space, water, and submerged land in which terrestrial processes and uses directly affect oceanic processes and uses, and vice versa its geographic extent may include areas within a landmark limit of one kilometer from the shoreline at high tide to include mangrove swamps, brackish water ponds, nipa swamps, estuarine rivers, sandy beaches, and other areas within a seaward limit of 200-m isobath to include coral reefs, algal flats, seagrass beds, and other soft-bottom areas” (Republic Act 8550). 7 8 A. Definition of the coastal and marine areas What is a coastal area? Functionally… a broad interface between land and water where production, consumption and exchange processes occur at high rates of intensity. Ecologically… an area of dynamic biochemical activity but with limited capacity for supporting various forms of human use. Geographically… the outermost boundary is the extent to which land-based activities have a measurable influence on the chemistry of the water or the ecology or biota. 9 The Coastal Zone 10  The Coastal Zone (detailed) → a little more than 16 km 1km landward 15km seaward 11 A. Definition of the coastal and marine areas What is a marine area/ecosystem? aquatic environments with high levels of dissolved salt these include the open ocean, the deep-sea ocean, and coastal marine ecosystems, each of which have different physical and biological characteristics 12 Coastal and Marine Zones 13  Coastal Governance Different government institutions are responsible for marine and coastal areas Some areas (high seas) may be under no government Inshore areas may be under more than one level of government (district, city, province, etc.) Conflict and uncertainty over responsibility for coastal management are commonplace (1 nautical mile = 1.852 kilometers) 14 The Coastal Zone and the Coastal Resource System Terrestrial Human Environment Activities Coastal Marine Coastal zone Environment resource system “interdependence of the terrestrial environment, marine 15 environment, and human activities” B. The Value Of Coastal Areas (https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca3) coral reefs, estuaries, mangroves, seagrass beds, and other wetlands provide numerous goods and services Earth’s natural capital 16 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Important to local communities 17 COASTAL AREAS... generate not just products and raw materials, but also provide the primary productivity and vital life support services that are critical to human wellbeing. Adapted from Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) 2005 18  Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable | Carpenter et al. 2008 THE MORE (species) THE MORE (species) WE HAVE... WE WILL LOSE! 19  High Biodiversity allows the environment to adapt to CLIMATE CHANGE! Half of the mangroves High seagrass (47/80) species diversity: of the world 18 species over 72 High seaweed are present species of the world diversity (1,065 Primavera & Esteban, https://www.bfar.da.gov.ph/ seaweed taxa) 2008 some are unique | http://www.marinebiodiversity.ca/ species (104 new records) Lastimoso & Santiañez, 2020 20 21 MARINE PROTECTED AREA NETWORK → ALLIANCE Marine Protected Area (MPA) is defined as any area of sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity and of natural and associated cultural resources and managed through legal and other effective means (IUCN 1994). MPAs are set-up for the following purposes: to protect vulnerable species and ecosystems to conserve biodiversity and minimize extinction risk to re-establish ecosystem integrity to segregate uses to avoid user conflicts, and to enhance the productivity of fish and marine invertebrate populations. 22 23 STATUS OF PHILIPPINE COASTAL AND MARINE AREAS 24 STATUS OF PHILIPPINE COASTAL AND MARINE AREAS National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) 25 STATUS OF PHILIPPINE COASTAL AND MARINE AREAS National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) 26 27 28  Thanks! Any questions? You can message me at: [email protected] FB group chat: MarB 121 - ICMRM 29 Group Activity 1 The value, threats, and conservation measures to coastal ecosystems in Leyte Island 30 Groupings Group 1 & 4 Mangrove Ecosystem 32 Group 2 & 5 Seagrass Ecosystem 33 Group 3 & 6 Coral Reef Ecosystem 34