Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology PDF

Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 1 “INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY” MR.MARCSON B.REYES,RCrim,MSCJ  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY To understand what is forensi...

Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 1 “INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY” MR.MARCSON B.REYES,RCrim,MSCJ  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY To understand what is forensic chemistry To identify who is a chemist To identify the duties of Forensic Chemistry To identify the known personalities in Criminalistics  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY Forensic science begins at the crime scene. It is the application of science to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system. Forensic chemistry is one area of forensic science.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY FORENSIC Comes from the Latin word “Forum” which means market place or public gathering. Relating to or dealing with the application of scientific knowledge to legal problems.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY A science that deals with the composition, structure and properties of substances and with the transformations that they undergo.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY FORENSIC CHEMISTRY defined as the application of chemical principles in the examination of physical evidence in solution to problems that arise in connection with the administration of justice.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY W PA NS TR RY HA B IC Y CA RE IS TO FO EM RA T ILI CH BO AR TI LA E ES TH O E F ?  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY A. EXAMINE BLOOD AND OTHER BODILY FLUIDS.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY B. DETERMINE GUNPOWDER RESIDUES AND EXPLOSIVES.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY C. EXAMINE WINE, VINEGAR, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES FOR UNFAIR TRADE COMPETITION.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY D. EXAMINE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED DRUGS.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY E. EXAMINE THE CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF HAIR, TEXTILE FIBERS, AND DOCUMENTS.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY F. EXAMINE GLASS FRAGMENTS, FRACTURES, AND MOULAGE.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY G. Examine the nature, physiological action, chemical and physical dosage, detection, and treatment of poisons.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY A Forensic Chemist is one who practices forensic chemistry.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY PURPOSE OF A FORENSIC CHEMIST - Forensic chemists are scientists who apply their knowledge of chemistry to provide evidence in the prosecution or defense of a crime or lawsuit. Entire cases often hang on the research and expert testimony of forensic chemists.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY 1.EXAMINE EVIDENCE Forensic chemists examine a wide variety of materials, such as paint, gases, poisons and chemicals.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY 1.CHARACTERIZE THE EVIDENCE Identifying the nature of the evidence brought from a crime scene is only the beginning.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY 1.EXPERT WITNESS If a case goes to trial, forensic chemists are often asked to give testimony as expert witnesses  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY 1.MATERIALS SCIENCE Forensic chemists also use their skills outside the courtroom to detect why materials and processes fail and to provide practical recommendations for resolving these problems.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY WORKING CONDITIONS Forensic chemists usually work in a laboratory setting, often as employees of local, state or federal government.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY SCOPE OF FORENSIC CHEMISTRY: 1.It includes the chemical side of criminal investigation 2.It includes the analysis of any material the quality of which may give rise to legal proceeding. 3.It is not limited to purely chemical questions involved in legal proceedings. 4.It has invaded other branches of forensic sciences notably legal medicine, ballistics, questioned documents, dactyloscopy, and photography.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY Personalities: 1.Leone Lattes - (1887- 1954) father of blood stain identification. He developed a procedure for determining the blood type (A,B,AB or O) of a dried stain.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY Calvin H. Goddard – (1891-1955) Father of Ballistics. Developed the technique to examine bullets using a comparison microscope to determine whether or not a particular gun fired the bullets  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY Albert Osborn - (1858- 1946) father of document examination. His work led to the acceptance of documents as scientific evidence by the courts.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY Walter McCrone - (1916- 1915) father of microscopic forensics. He developed and applied his microscopic techniques to examine evidence in countless court cases.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY Mathieu Orfila (1787- 1853)- Father of Toxicology. Wrote about the detection of poisons and their effects on animals.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY Edmond Locard - (1877- 1966) father of the crime lab. In 1910, he started the first crime lab in an attic of a police station. Founded the institute of criminalistics in France. His most important contribution was the "Locards Exchange Principle".  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY LOCARD EXCHANGE PRINCIPLE: 1.Every contact leaves a trace 2.Every criminal can be connected to a crime by particles carried from the crime scene 3.When a criminal comes in contact with an object or person, a cross transfer of evidence occurs.  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology Q1.1.1-1 “What is Forensic Chemistry” Pen & Paper none  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology Q1.1.1-1 1. Choose one of these questions; that will be the topic of your essay, state your answer and explain it fully.. 30% for each question. (10 pts. for effort; 10 pts. for correctness of content; 10 pts. for depth) a. What is forensic chemistry? b. What is a Forensic Chemist?  NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology PR-1.1.1 For Flexible Distance Learning: Screenshot of hand written answer on bondpaper and uploaded at Edmodo Apps For Modular Distance Learning: Handwritten bondpaper and submitted at AISAT Campus Five days after the discussion. September 30, 2020 NO. 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology