MODULE-Living-in-the-IT-Era-02.pdf

Republic of the Philippines NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE...

Republic of the Philippines NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE IM No. 2:GEELECT1 -1STSEM-2020-2021 College: Engineering Campus: Bambang DEGREE PROGRAM Bachelor of COURSE NO. GEELECT1 Science in Electrical Engineering SPECIALIZATION COURSE TITLE Living in the IT Era YEAR LEVEL 1st Year TIME FRAME 3 Hrs WK NO. 5-7 IM NO. 02 I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE CHAPTER 2 – COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM II. LESSON TITLES 1. Hardware 2. Software 3. Peopleware: : Our Responsible Role in using Technology III. LESSON OVERVIEW The impact on modem living and human connections, and utilizations for individual, expert and human connections, and utilizations for individual, expert and social headway by Arts, Science, and ethics of information technology. The course covers the general features of history of computers, the components of a computer – hardware, software and peopleware, history of Intel and AMD Microprocessors, the internet and its innovations, the way computer communicate. IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to: 1. Differentiate among various styles of system units on desktop computers, notebook computers, and mobile devices 2. Identify chips, adapter cards, and other components of a motherboard 3. Identify characteristics of various personal computer processors on the market today, and describe the ways processors are cooled 4. Identify the four categories of application software 5. Differentiate among the seven forms through which software is available: packaged software, custom software, Web application, open source software, shareware, freeware, and public- domain software 6. Explain how the operating system and utility programs work with application software 7. Identify the key features of widely used business programs: word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation, note taking, personal information manager, business software for phones, business software suite, project management, accounting, document management, and enterprise computing 8. Define the main functions of each the computer components 9. Check on the feature of the various system units. NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (11122020) In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Page 1 of 13 Act 8293, the copy righted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”  Republic of the Philippines NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE IM No. 2:GEELECT1 -1STSEM-2020-2021 V. LESSON CONTENT Components of Computer System **Dataware **Produceware Hardware is a collective term used to describe any of the physical components of an analog or digital computer. The term hardware distinguishes the tangible aspects of a computing device from software. Types of hardware Processor Unit Motherboard: The motherboard is the computer's central communications backbone connectivity point through which all components and external peripherals connect. The motherboard is the main printed circuit board in a computer. Also called the mainboard, the motherboard holds important components, including the CPU, RAM, power supply, graphics card and sound card. CPU: The CPU is responsible for processing most of the computer's data, turning input into output. Graphics card: Responsible for rendering graphics in a computer and projecting information onto a screen, a graphics card aims to remove the processing strain from the processor or RAM. Memory Device RAM: The hardware in a computer where the OS, application programs and data that are being used are kept so the device's processor can quickly reach them. As the main memory of a computer, RAM is much faster to read from and write to than other types of storage, including a hard disk drive (HDD), solid-state drive (SSD) and optical drive. RAM is volatile, meaning that data remains in RAM if the computer is on, but it's lost when the computer is turned off. The OS and other files are reloaded into RAM, usually from an SSD or HDD, when the computer is rebooted. Display screen: A display screen may be an external monitor, or it may be built into the computer. A touchscreen display is sensitive to pressure. As such, a user interacts with the device by touching pictures or words on the screen. HDD: A nonvolatile memory (NVM) hardware device, an HDD stores OS files, application problems, media and other documents. The HDD can store data permanently even in the event of a power failure. SSD: A type of nonvolatile storage device that stores persistent data on solid-state flash memory. An SSD consists of a flash controller and NAND flash memory Unlike an HDD, an SSD doesn't have any moving parts. SSDs use flash-based memory, which is significantly faster than traditional mechanical hard disks. Since they're nonmechanical, SSDs use less power, which means longer battery life when they're built into laptop computers. NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (11122020) In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Page 2 of 13 Act 8293, the copy righted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”  Republic of the Philippines NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE IM No. 2:GEELECT1 -1STSEM-2020-2021 Removable drives: Any type of storage device that can be removed from a computer while the system is running, including USB cards and optical discs, such as compact discs (CDs), Blu-ray discs and digital versatile discs (DVDs). Example of Input Devices Keyboard - input data to the computer. Mouse - pointing device Bar Code Reader - a device used for reading bar coded data (data in the form of light and dark lines). Joystick - a pointing device, which is used to move the cursor position on a monitor screen. Example of Output Devices Monitor – show the visual output of the processes made by the computer Printer – used to print information on paper Speaker – produce sound output. What is Software? Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks, can be thought of as the variable part of a computer, and hardware the invariable part. Types of Software Operating System (OS) An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer's memory and processes, as well as all its software and hardware. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's language. Without an operating system, a computer is useless. Examples of OS Microsoft Windows Microsoft created the Windows operating system in the mid-1980s. There have been many different versions of Windows, but the most recent ones are Windows 10 (released in 2015), Windows 8 (2012), Windows 7 (2009), and Windows Vista (2007). Windows comes pre-loaded on most new PCs, which helps to make it the most popular operating system in the world. macOS macOS (previously called OS X) is a line of operating systems created by Apple. It comes preloaded on all Macintosh computers, or Macs. Some of the specific versions include Mojave (released in 2018), High Sierra (2017), and Sierra (2016). Linux Linux (pronounced LINN-ux) is a family of open-source operating systems, which means they can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world. This is different from proprietary software like Windows, which can only be modified by the company that owns it. The advantages of Linux are that it is free, and there are many different distributions—or versions—you can choose from. NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (11122020) In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Page 3 of 13 Act 8293, the copy righted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”  Republic of the Philippines NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE IM No. 2:GEELECT1 -1STSEM-2020-2021 Application Software Application software is a computer software package that performs a specific function for an end user or, in some instances, for another application. An application can be self-contained or a group of programs. The program is a set of operations that runs the application for the user. Applications use the computer's OS and other supporting programs, typically system software, to function. Application software is different than other software that might come pre-bundled with a computer's operating system, such as a utility. Examples of Application Software The most common application software programs are used by millions every day and include: Microsoft suite of products (Office, Excel, Word, PowerPoint, Outlook, etc.) Internet browsers like Firefox, Safari, and Chrome Mobile pieces of software such as Pandora (for music appreciation), Skype (for real-time online communication), and Slack (for team collaboration) The Seven Forms through Which Software Is Available Application software is available in a variety of forms.  Packaged software is mass-produced, copyrighted retail software that meets the needs of a variety of users.  Custom software performs functions specific to a business or industry.  A Web application is a Web site that allows users to access and interact with software from any computer or device that is connected to the Internet.  Open source software is provided for use, modification, and redistribution.  Shareware is copyrighted software that is distributed free for a trial period.  Freeware is copyrighted software provided at no cost by an individual or a company that retains all rights to the software.  Public-domain software is free software donated for public use and has no copyright restrictions. The Key Features of Widely Used Business Programs  Business software assists people in becoming more effective and efficient while performing daily business activities. Business software includes the following programs.  Word processing software, sometimes called a word processor, allows users to create a document by entering text and inserting images, edit the document by making changes, and format the document by changing its appearance.  Spreadsheet software allows users to organize data in rows and columns, perform calculations, recalculate when data changes, and chart the data.  Database software allows users to create, access, and manage a database, which is a collection of data organized to allow access, retrieval, and use of that data.  Presentation software allows users to create a slide show that is displayed on a monitor or projection screen.  Note taking software enables users to enter typed text, handwritten comments, drawings, or sketches on a page and then save the page as part of a notebook. A personal information manager (PIM) includes features to help users organize personal information. In addition to PIM software, a huge variety of business and other software for phones is available.  A software suite is a collection of individual programs available together as a unit. At a minimum, business software suites include word processing, spreadsheet, e-mail, and presentation programs.  Project management software allows users to plan, schedule, track, and analyze the events, resources, and costs of a project.  Accounting software helps companies record and report their financial transactions. NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (11122020) In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Page 4 of 13 Act 8293, the copy righted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”  Republic of the Philippines NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE IM No. 2:GEELECT1 -1STSEM-2020-2021  Document management software provides a means for sharing, distributing, and searching through documents by converting them into a format that can be viewed by any user. The Key Features of Widely Used Home, Personal, and Educational Programs Software for home, personal, and educational use includes the following programs.  Personal finance software is an accounting program that helps users balance their checkbooks, pay bills, track income and expenses, track investments, and evaluate financial plans.  Legal software assists in the preparation of legal documents.  Tax preparation software guides users through fi ling federal taxes.  Personal DTP software helps users create newsletters, brochures, flyers, advertisements, greeting and business cards, logos, and Web pages.  Personal paint/image editing software provides an easy-to-use interface with functions tailored to meet the needs of home and small business users.  Personal photo editing software is a type of image editing software used to edit digital photos. Photo management software helps users view, organize, sort, catalog, and share digital photos. Application software often includes a clip art/image gallery, which is a collection of clip art and photos. Video and audio editing software is used to edit home movies, add music or other sounds, and share movies on the Web.  Home design/landscaping software assists with the design, remodeling, or improvement of a home or landscape.  Travel and mapping software enables users to view maps, determine route directions, and locate points of interest.  Reference software provides valuable and thorough information for all individuals.  Educational software teaches a particular skill.  Entertainment software includes interactive games, videos, and other programs to support hobbies or provide amusement. The Advantages of and Ways to Access Web Applications A Web application, or Web app, requires less disk space on a computer than installed software and is less costly to upgrade. Users often interact with Web applications directly at the Web site, referred to as the host, through their Web browser. Some Web sites require that you download the software to your computer or device. The Types of Application Software Used in Communications Application software for communications includes Web browsers to access and view Web pages; e-mail programs to transmit messages via a network; instant messaging software for real-time exchange of messages or files; chat room software to have real-time, online typed conversations; text, picture, and video messaging software; RSS aggregator program to keep track of changes made to Web sites; blog software, or blogware, to create and maintain a blog; newsgroup/message board programs that allow online written discussions; FTP programs to upload and download fi les on the Internet; VoIP (Internet telephony), which allows users to speak to other users over the Internet; and video conferencing software for meetings on a network. What is Peopleware refers to the human role in an IT system. In many cases, peopleware forms a kind of "conceptual triangle" with hardware and software. The term refers to human talent as a kind of commodified piece of an IT process and a key part of providing various technical business models and other planning resources. Various Types of Computer Users Interact with Computers NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (11122020) In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Page 5 of 13 Act 8293, the copy righted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”  Republic of the Philippines NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE IM No. 2:GEELECT1 -1STSEM-2020-2021 Computer users can be separated into five categories: home user, small office/home office user, mobile user, power user, and enterprise user.  A home user is a family member who uses a computer for a variety of reasons, such as budgeting and personal financial management, Web access, communications, and entertainment.  A small office/home office (SOHO) includes any company with fewer than 50 employees, as well as the self-employed individual who works from home. SOHO users access the Internet to look up information and use basic business software and sometimes industry-specific software.  Mobile users are employees and students who work on a computer while away from a main office, home office, or school.  A power user uses a workstation or other powerful computer to work with industry-specific software. Power users exist in all types of businesses.  An enterprise user works in or interacts with a company with many employees and uses a computer and computer network that processes high volumes of transactions in a single day. Computer usage at Work: Hospitality Before technology use became widespread in the hospitality industry, the service that customers received was personal but inefficient. For example, most hotel reservations and transactions were recorded manually on paper, which was a time-consuming process. As technology evolved and became more prominent in the hospitality industry, hotels and restaurants began running their businesses more efficiently. Many hotels now rely on technology to reduce the number of people-hours necessary to perform tasks. For instance, some individuals shop for and reserve hotel rooms online. Many hotel Web sites allow potential guests to take virtual tours of their rooms and read about available amenities. When someone books a reservation online, the information automatically transfers to the hotel’s reservation system without intervention from the hotel staff. When guests arrive, an employee verifies their reservation and might hand them an electronic key that opens their room during their stay. After they check out, the key no longer opens the door to that room. During a hotel stay, guests might wish to charge various hotel purchases to their room, which often happens electronically using POS terminals in the hotel’s stores and restaurants. An up-to-the-minute listing of all room charges usually is available through the hotel room’s television, as well as when the guests check out. Without this technology, employees would complete these transactions manually, which can introduce inaccuracies, causing the hotel to lose money. In addition to hotels, many restaurants rely on computers for routine tasks. When a server takes a customer’s order at a restaurant, the server might enter the order in a computer; the order then is sent directly to a monitor or printer in the kitchen. In this instance, computers can increase accuracy by not requiring cooks and chefs to decipher handwriting. In addition, these computers also store the correct prices for menu items, eliminating the potential for servers to charge customers an incorrect price. When the customer has finished his or her meal, the server prints a check. If the customer pays by credit card, the computer also might process the credit card transaction. Computers significantly have changed the experience patrons have at restaurants, hotels, and other areas in the hospitality industry. The increased accuracy and efficiency often result in greater guest satisfaction, which can increase sales and justify the investment in the technology. High Tech Talk: Touch Screen Technology: How the Screen Is So Smart NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (11122020) In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Page 6 of 13 Act 8293, the copy righted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”  Republic of the Philippines NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE IM No. 2:GEELECT1 -1STSEM-2020-2021 Touch screen innovation is turning into a bigger piece of regular day to day existence for some people. The main touch screens created permitted clients to press just a single region at once with the tip of their finger, and they were significantly less exact than the present touch screens. As the innovation is propelling, clients can play out extra errands, for example, hauling their finger over the screen and contacting more than each zone of the screen in turn. For instance, the iPhone and iPod contact permit you to zoom in pictures or different articles on the screen by setting two fingers near one another on the screen, and afterward gradually moving them separated. Three sorts of touch screens most being used today are capacitive, resistive, and surface wave contact screens. A capacitive touch screen has a layer of material that stores electrical charges covering the surface. At the point when a finger contacts the screen, it directs a modest quantity of the electrical charge, diminishing the charge on the capacitive layer. Circuits situated at each side of the capacitive touch screen measure the change in electrical charge. The circuits at that point send this information to the touch screen regulator, or programming that is running on the PC. The regulator at that point utilizes the information to compute the area where the finger is contacting the screen. Capacitive touch screens normally are high-caliber and unaffected by things that don't lead electrical charges. A metallic conductive and resistive layer held separated by spacers spread a resistive touch screen. At the point when a client contacts a resistive touch screen, the conductive and resistive layers interface in the area of the touch. An electronic current run between the two layers, and the break in the current empowers the touch screen regulator to figure the specific area of the touch. Albeit resistive touch screens as a rule are more reasonable than capacitive touch screens, they are not as clear and can be harmed even more without any problem. The third kind of touch screen utilizes surface wave innovation. Surface wave innovation ignores ultrasonic waves the touch screen. Contacting the screen retains segments of the waves, which at that point permits the touch screen regulator to ascertain the situation at which the article contacted the screen. Since ultrasonic waves disregard the touch screen, it is simple for outside components to harm the gadget. Contact screens utilizing surface wave innovation are the most exceptional and regularly the costliest of the three kinds. Extra kinds of touch screen advances exist, yet they are not utilized as broadly as the capacitive, resistive, and surface wave contact screens. Optical touch screens use cameras mounted at two corners of the screen to distinguish protests the surface. Infrared touch screens utilize light emanating diodes and light indicators at the edges of the touch screen to identify objects that break the light emissions bridging the screen. As contact screen costs keep on diminishing, they doubtlessly will be consolidated in an expanding number of PCs and gadgets. Contact screens have expanded efficiency by permitting individuals to associate with gadgets more rapidly than they can with a mouse or console. Companies on the Cutting Edge: HP Hardware and Software Products Leader One of the more famous real estate parcels in the United States is the birthplace of the Silicon Valley: the garage where Stanford University friends William Hewlett and David Packard developed various electronic products. Their first success in 1938 was an oscillator used to test sound equipment. Today HP (Hewlett-Packard) has become the world’s top manufacturer of ink- jet and laser printers, multifunction peripherals, desktop and notebook computers, and servers. It also is a leading software company with products for networking and storage management. In 2009, HP introduced the first workstation with a six-core AMD Opteron processor, delivering high productivity for multi-threaded programs. HP also ranked ninth in the 2009 FORTUNE 500 ranking. NVIDIA Visual Computing Technologies Leader Serious gamers relish software with ultra-realistic graphics, while film producers need high-definition graphics. Both creative types of people likely have used a system unit equipped with an NVIDIA NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (11122020) In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Page 7 of 13 Act 8293, the copy righted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”  Republic of the Philippines NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE IM No. 2:GEELECT1 -1STSEM-2020-2021 processor. NVIDIA’s technological specialty is developing high performance processors that help generate graphics for personal computers, game consoles, and mobile devices. In the film and entertainment worlds, Sony Pictures, Sport vision, and Weather Central rely on NVIDIA’s processor chips to produce imagery and animation. In medicine, the company’s processors helped researchers to design a device that stabilizes the heart during bypass surgery and to develop virtual reality simulations that help burn victims undergoing therapy. In 2009, NVIDIA’s CUDA technology was used to enhance the historic Apollo 11 video of Neil Armstrong walking on the moon. Technology Trailblazers: GORDON MOORE Intel Cofounder Moore’s Law is a prediction made in 1965 by one of Intel’s founders, Gordon Moore, that the number of transistors and resistors placed on a computer chip would double every year. This doubling would have a proportional increase in computing power and decrease in cost. This forecast proved amazingly accurate for 10 ears, and then Moore revised the estimate to doubling every two years. A breakthrough in chip technology in 2008 using photolithography, which uses light to imprint circuits on a chip, could perpetuate his estimate. Moore cofounded Intel in 1968 with the conviction that silicon chips would change the world. His lifelong interest in technology is continuing with his contributions to the Large Binocular Telescope, the world’s most technologically advanced optical telescope, in southeastern Arizona. MICHAEL S. DELL Chairman and Co-Founder of Dell Michael Dell is chairman and chief executive officer of Dell Technologies, an innovator and technology leader providing the essential infrastructure for organizations to build their digital future, transform IT and protect their most important information. With revenues of $92B and 165,000 team members, Dell Technologies is one of the world’s largest IT companies serving the needs of global corporations and governments to small businesses and consumers. The company's unique structure allows innovative, fast-moving startups to co-exist with, and leverage, the global reach and trusted reputation of the large enterprise. Michael’s story started when he founded Dell Technologies with $1000 in 1984 at the age of 19. Notably quoted as saying that “technology is about enabling human potential,” Michael’s vision of how technology should be designed, manufactured and sold forever changed the IT industry. In 1992, Michael became the youngest CEO ever to earn a ranking on the Fortune 500. Known and admired for his astute business vision and bold moves, Michael took Dell Technologies private in 2013, setting the stage to architect the largest technology deal in history with the combination of Dell, EMC and VMware in 2016 and the subsequent relisting of Dell Technologies on the public markets in 2018. In 1998, Michael formed MSD Capital, a private investment firm that exclusively manages the capital for the Dell family. And in 1999, he and his wife, Susan Dell, established the Michael & Susan Dell Foundation to accelerate opportunity for children growing up in urban poverty in the U.S., India and South Africa. Michael is an honorary member of the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum and is an executive committee member of the International Business Council. He is also a member of the Technology CEO Council and the Business Roundtable. He serves on the advisory board of Tsinghua NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (11122020) In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Page 8 of 13 Act 8293, the copy righted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”  Republic of the Philippines NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE IM No. 2:GEELECT1 -1STSEM-2020-2021 University's School of Economics and Management in Beijing, China and on the governing board of the Indian School of Business in Hyderabad, India. He is a board member of Catalyst and also served as the United Nations Foundation's first Global Advocate for Entrepreneurship. NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (11122020) In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Page 9 of 13 Act 8293, the copy righted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”  Republic of the Philippines NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE IM No. 2:GEELECT1 -1STSEM-2020-2021 VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES Name the following computer parts. True or False (Write True if the statement is correct, otherwise underline the statement that makes it wrong and provide the correct answer) _________ 1. Many people believe that computer literacy is vital to success in today’s world. _________ 2. HP was the first computer machine _________ 3. First bank computers used Micro magnetic ink character recognition to read checks _________ 4. The first freely programmable computer was built on 1936 _________ 5. A byte is the smallest unit of data the computer can process _________ 7. The processor holds data waiting to be processed and instructions waiting to be executed. _________ 8. An input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instructions into a computer. _________ 9. An application software is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer's memory and processes, as well as all its software and hardware. _________ 10. RAM is A nonvolatile memory (NVM) hardware device, an HDD stores OS files, application problems, media and other documents. NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (11122020) In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Page 10 of 13 Act 8293, the copy righted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”  Republic of the Philippines NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE IM No. 2:GEELECT1 -1STSEM-2020-2021 Multiple Choice (Encircle the letter of the correct answer) 1. Computer literacy, also known as digital literacy, involves having a current knowledge and understanding of _____. a. computer programming b. computers and their uses c. computer repair d. all of these 2. _____ is/are a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video. a. Data b. Instructions c. Programs d. Information 3. _____ consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices. a. System software b. A communications device c. A graphical user interface (GUI) d. Application software 4. _____ is mass-produced, copyrighted retail software that meets the needs of a wide variety of users, not just a single user or company. a. Packaged software b. A Web application c. Open source software d. Custom software 5. The _____ is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer. a. control unit b. arithmetic logic unit c. register d. machine cycle 6. RFID is a technology that uses _____ to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, an animal, or a person. a. a thin wire b. pixels c. radio signals d. light_waves 7. _____ is the computer’s capability of distinguishing spoken words. a. Voice input b. VoIP c. MIDI d. Voice recognition 8. The _____ is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer. a. control unit b. arithmetic logic unit c. register d. machine cycle 9. ROM chips, called _____, contain permanently written data, instructions, or information. a. memory cache b. registers c. firmware d. transistors 10. _____ consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices. a. System software b. A communications device c. A graphical user interface (GUI) d. Application software NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (11122020) In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Page 11 of 13 Act 8293, the copy righted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”  Republic of the Philippines NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE IM No. 2:GEELECT1 -1STSEM-2020-2021 Enumeration: 1. Major Components of a Computer System (3) 2. Computer sequence that repeat endlessly – in order with illustration (3) 3. Forms through Software is available (7) 4. Major aspects where computer is used by the society (8) 5. Key Features of Widely Used Business Programs (9) NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (11122020) In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Page 12 of 13 Act 8293, the copy righted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”  Republic of the Philippines NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE IM No. 2:GEELECT1 -1STSEM-2020-2021 Essay: 1. What are your major takeaways in this module? Write your answer brief and concise. VII. ASSIGNMENT 1. List down the step-by-step boot process of a computer system. VIII. REFERENCES Abalos, Winston F., Santos, Dennis C. Living in the IT Era (GE ELECT3) for GenEd Module. e-Resources: Introduction to computer and Information Technology retrieved from http://roongrote.crru.ac.th/GEN1102.files/GE- 01%20Introduction%20to%20Computer%20and%20Information%20Technology.pdf Peopleware retrieved from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5545/peopleware Who invented the internet retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/story/who-invented-the-internet Brief History of Internet retrieved from https://www.internetsociety.org/internet/history-internet/brief- history-internet/ Introduction to Internet Technologies retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/9781930/Chapter_1_Introduction_to_Internet_Internet_Technologies_Chapt er_1_Introduction_to_Internet History of the World Wide Web retrieved from https://webfoundation.org/about/vision/history-of-the- web/#:~:text=Sir%20Tim%20Berners%2DLee%20invented%20the%20World%20Wide%20Web%20in %201989.&text=Image%3A%20%C2%A9%20CERN- ,Sir%20Tim%20Berners%2DLee%20invented%20the%20World%20Wide%20Web%20in,one%20of%2 0the%20earliest%20computers. Business computer networks retrieved from https://www.lifewire.com/business-computer-networks- 817883 Linking up computer Networks retreied from https://opentextbc.ca/businessopenstax/chapter/linking-up- computer-networks/ Understanding Operating Systems retrieved from https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/understanding-operating-systems/1/ Computer History timeline retrieved from https://www.softschools.com/timelines/computer_history_timeline/ Software retrieved from https://searchapparchitecture.techtarget.com/definition/software NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (11122020) In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Page 13 of 13 Act 8293, the copy righted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”