Wastewater Recycling - Module 10 - PowerPoint PDF

Module 10 Wastewater Recycling WCO-209 1. Wastewater Recycling - Learning Outcomes 1. Understand the concept of wastewater Reuse reuse and recycling, which involves and treating wastewater to a quality suitable Recycli for various beneficial purposes. ng:...

Module 10 Wastewater Recycling WCO-209 1. Wastewater Recycling - Learning Outcomes 1. Understand the concept of wastewater Reuse reuse and recycling, which involves and treating wastewater to a quality suitable Recycli for various beneficial purposes. ng: Recognize the importance of wastewater recycling in conserving water resources, reducing the demand on freshwater sources, and promoting sustainability. 1. Wastewater Recycling - Learning Outcomes 2. Reuse- Recycle Identify the different opportunities for Opportunit wastewater reuse and recycling in various ies: sectors, such as agriculture, industry, urban landscaping, and groundwater recharge. Explore the potential benefits and challenges associated with each reuse opportunity, considering factors such as water quality requirements, treatment technologies, and infrastructure needs. 1. Wastewater Recycling - Learning Outcomes 3. Potentialit Assess the potential for wastewater ies and recycling based on factors like Requireme wastewater availability, treatment nts: capacity, and demand for recycled water in a particular region or industry. Understand the requirements for successful wastewater recycling, including appropriate treatment processes, monitoring and testing, distribution systems, and stakeholder acceptance. 1. Wastewater Recycling - Learning Outcomes 4. Gain knowledge about regulatory Regulat frameworks and guidelines related to ory wastewater reuse and recycling, Guidelin including local, national, and es: international regulations. Understand the importance of complying with these guidelines to ensure the safe and sustainable implementation of wastewater recycling projects. 1. Wastewater Recycling - Learning Outcomes 5. Centralize Differentiate between centralized and d and decentralized wastewater recycling Decentral approaches. ized Recycling : Explore the advantages and considerations associated with both approaches, such as infrastructure requirements, distribution networks, cost-effectiveness, and scalability.  1. Wastewater Recycling - Learning Outcomes They will be equipped to By achieving these learning evaluate recycling outcomes, individuals will opportunities, assess have a comprehensive regulatory compliance, and understanding of wastewater make informed decisions recycling and its potential for regarding the conserving water resources implementation of and promoting sustainable centralized or decentralized development. recycling projects.  2. Reuse and Recycling Reusing and recycling materials reduce waste, conserve resources, and lessen environmental impact. By utilizing products again for their original or alternative purposes in sustainable waste management practices.  2. Reuse and Recycling Reusing products or materials involves prolonging their lifespan by using them multiple times without major changes. 1. Reuse: This includes repairing, refurbishing, repurposing, or donating items to others, which reduces demand for new products, conserves resources, and decreases waste.  2. Reuse and Recycling Recycling transforms waste into new products through collection, sorting, processing, and transformation. 2. Recyclin g: It conserves resources, reduces energy consumption, and lessens waste sent to landfills or incinerators.  2. Reuse and Recycling 2. Recycling: Converts waste into new products or raw Involves collection, materials. sorting, processing, Conserves natural and transformation. resources. Reduces energy consumption. Minimizes waste sent to landfills or incineration.  2. Reuse and Recycling Benefits of Reuse and Recycling: Reusing and recycling materials minimize the need 1. for extracting and processing raw materials, leading to the conservation of natural resources like timber, Resource minerals, and water. By reusing and recycling, less waste is sent to Conservat 2. Waste landfills or incinerators, reducing the environmental impact and the associated costs of waste ion: management. Reduction :  2. Reuse and Recycling Benefits of Reuse and Recycling: 3. Energy Recycling materials often requires less energy compared and to producing new materials from scratch, resulting in Emissions lower greenhouse gas emissions and reduced pollution. Reduction: 4. Economic Reuse and recycling industries create job opportunities and contribute to the local and national economy through Opportuniti resource recovery and material processing. es: 5. Reuse and recycling help mitigate environmental pollution, including air pollution from manufacturing Environmental processes and water pollution from waste disposal. Protection:  2. Reuse and Recycling Promoting Reuse and Recycling: Educating and 1. Education and Awareness: encouraging individuals about reuse and recycling benefits, promotes Establishing responsible efficient 2. Infrastructure and Collection collection consumptionsystems and Systems: and infrastructure active for participation. sorting and  2. Reuse and Recycling Promoting Reuse and Recycling: Governments can 3. Policy and Legislation: implement policies and regulations that encourage reuse and recycling, such as Collaboration among setting recycling 4. Collaboration and Partnerships: governments, targets, Reuse andoffering tax recycling businesses, incentives, and or practices can lead to a communities mandating improves sustainable,product circular  2. Reuse and Recycling Examples of successful reuse initiatives by local communities in Saudi Arabia The Taibah Upcycling Initiative in Madinah focuses on repurposing and upcycling waste materials to create new 1. products. Local artisans and craftsmen collaborate with the initiative to transform discarded items such as wood, Taibah metal, and fabric into furniture, home decor, and fashion accessories. The initiative promotes sustainable practices, Upcyclin entrepreneurship, and the preservation of traditional crafts while reducing waste generation. g  2. Reuse and Recycling Examples of successful reuse initiatives by local communities in Saudi Arabia Yanbu Industrial City, located on the Red Sea coast, has 2. Yanbu implemented a successful recycling program to manage industrial and household waste. Industrial The program includes separate collection and recycling City of materials such as paper, plastic, glass, and metal. Recycling Recycling facilities within the industrial city process the collected materials, reducing the environmental impact Program: and promoting resource conservation.  2. Reuse and Recycling Examples of successful reuse initiatives by local communities in Saudi Arabia The Riyadh Oasis initiative focuses on transforming vacant urban spaces into green areas for 3. recreational activities, community gardens, and sustainable urban farming. The initiative encourages the reuse of materials Riyadh such as tires, pallets, and containers to create innovative structures and furniture within the oasis. By repurposing and reusing materials, the initiative Oasis promotes sustainable urban development, community engagement, and the beautification of public spaces. Initiativ  2. Reuse and Recycling Examples of successful reuse initiatives by local communities in Saudi Arabia The Jeddah Sustainability Center promotes sustainable 4. Jeddah practices, waste reduction, and environmental Sustainab awareness through workshops, educational programs, and events focused on recycling, upcycling, and waste ility management for individuals and businesses. Center:  2. Reuse and Recycling Examples of successful reuse initiatives by local communities in Saudi Arabia Jeddah Sustainability Center: Community-Driven Initiative 4. Jeddah Promotes sustainable practices and waste reduction. Sustainabi Hosts workshops, educational programs, events. lity Encourages eco-friendly practices and reduced ecological footprint. Center:  2. Reuse and Recycling Examples of successful reuse initiatives by local communities in Saudi Arabia 5. Haya The Haya Water Recycling Project in Makkah aims to treat and reuse wastewater generated during the Water Hajj pilgrimage. Recycling Advanced treatment technologies in a project transform wastewater into high-quality recycled Project in water for irrigation, conserving freshwater resources and supporting sustainable water management Makkah: during Hajj season.  2. Reuse and Recycling Examples of successful reuse initiatives by local communities in Saudi Arabia Treats and reuses Hajj pilgrimage wastewater. 5. Haya Uses advanced technologies for high-quality recycled water. Water Uses recycled water for irrigation in green spaces and landscaping. Recycling Conserves freshwater resources and supports sustainable water management. Project in  2. Reuse and Recycling These examples illustrate how local communities in Saudi Arabia are actively implementing reuse initiatives to promote sustainability, reduce waste, and enhance resource efficiency. These initiatives not only contribute to environmental conservation but also foster community engagement, entrepreneurship, and the preservation of local traditions.  2. Reuse and Recycling Other cities can replicate Saudi Arabia's reuse initiatives by following: To copy successful reuse initiatives, cities must 1. Conduct research their local context, assess waste Research infrastructure. and identify key waste streams for potential reuse. Analysis: 2. Establish Collaborate with local government, community groups, businesses, and stakeholders. Partnerships and Connect with experts in reuse initiatives to learn and implement best practices. Collaboratio n:  2. Reuse and Recycling Other cities can replicate Saudi Arabia's reuse initiatives by following: Adapt to local context and requirements. 3. Adapt and Consider cultural, social, and economic factors. Customize: Customize to specific waste streams, resources, and community needs. Outline goals, objectives, strategies. 4. Develop a Identify necessary resources. Define timelines and milestones. Comprehensive Ensure accountability.  2. Reuse and Recycling Other cities can replicate Saudi Arabia's reuse initiatives by following: 5. Raise Raising awareness on reuse benefits. Awareness Providing training and capacity-building. and Build Fostering ownership and empowerment. Capacity: Incentivize environmental practices. 6. Establish Collaborate with local governments. Supportive Streamline regulations. Policies Offer incentives for reuse. and Integrate reuse targets into waste management. Regulation  2. Reuse and Recycling Other cities can replicate Saudi Arabia's reuse initiatives by following: Continuous monitoring and evaluation of progress. 7. Collection of data on waste reduction, resource conservation, community engagement, and economic Monitor, benefits. Evaluate Identification of opportunities for scaling up or replication. Saudi Arabian cities can achieve sustainable waste , and management and resource conservation by replicating successful reuse initiatives through collaboration, customization, and a comprehensive approach.  3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities Wastewater reuse and recycling present significant opportunities for addressing By treating and repurposing water scarcity, reducing wastewater, several benefits environmental impact, and can be achieved. promoting sustainable water management. Key opportunities in wastewater reuse and recycling. : 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities Treated Wastewater for Agricultural Irrigation 1. Serves as valuable water source. Reduces agricultural water demand. Agricultur Ensures sustainable food production. al 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities Industries can reduce water usage and costs by using treated wastewater in cooling systems or manufacturing processes, promoting water 2. conservation. Leading to water conservation and cost Industrial savings. Processe 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities Recycled wastewater can be used for irrigating 3. parks, gardens, and other urban green spaces. Landscape This reduces the need for freshwater and helps maintain attractive landscapes even in water- stressed regions. and Urban 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities Wastewater treatment injected into aquifers restores depleted or contaminated 4.Groundw groundwater resources in some areas. ater This process, known as groundwater recharge, helps to enhance water availability and improve overall water quality. Recharge: 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities Treated Wastewater for Recreational Water Bodies 5. Recreational Creates wildlife habitats. and Supports biodiversity. Offers recreational opportunities. Environmental Conserves freshwater resources. Enhancement: 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities 6.Industri In some cases, highly treated wastewater can be safely used as a direct source of water for industrial al and processes or municipal water supply systems. Municipal Advanced treatment technologies, such as reverse Water osmosis or advanced oxidation, can produce high- quality water suitable for these purposes. Supply: 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities 7. Wastewater treatment facilities often generate biogas through anaerobic digestion of organic matter present in the wastewater. Energy This biogas can be captured and utilized as a renewable energy source for power generation, Generati reducing the reliance on fossil fuels. on: Types of Grey Water 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities 8. Wastewater contains valuable nutrients like nitrogen Nutrien and phosphorus. t Through advanced treatment processes, these nutrients can be recovered from the wastewater and used as fertilizers in agriculture, closing the nutrient cycle and reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers. Recover 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities To fully realize these opportunities, effective wastewater treatment infrastructure, robust monitoring and regulation frameworks, and public acceptance and awareness are essential. Implementation of appropriate technologies safeguards public health. Stakeholder collaboration promotes wastewater reuse and recycling. 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities Successful Real-World Case Studies of Wastewater Reuse and Recycling for Potable Water Emerging field of DPR, or direct potable reuse, shows potential for wastewater reuse with notable case studies highlighting successes. Here are a few examples: DPR. 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities 1. Big Implemented "Direct Potable Reuse" (DPR) to address water scarcity. Sprin g Used municipal wastewater to produce high- quality drinking water. Water Blended treated water with existing supply and Reuse purified naturally in reservoirs. Proje Provided sustainable water source and reduced ct, dependence on traditional sources. Texas 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities Large-scale water recycling project to recharge 2. Perth depleted aquifers with purified recycled water. Groundwat Advanced wastewater treatment processes include membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, and er ultraviolet disinfection. Purified water is recharged into aquifers, blending Replenish with natural groundwater. ment Aims for sustainable, climate-independent water supply. Scheme, 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities Treats wastewater using advanced membrane 3. technologies. Produces high-quality reclaimed water. NEWater, Blends NEWater with reservoir water for further treatment. Singapor Distributes NEWater as drinking water source. Achieves water supply enhancement and sustainability. e: 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities 4. The Aims to provide one-third of city's drinking water City of supply through water reuse by 2035. San Uses advanced purification technologies like membrane bioreactors, reverse osmosis, and Diego ultraviolet disinfection. Pure Purified water blended with imported and local Water water supplies. Progra m, Showcases wastewater reuse as a sustainable, reliable potable water source. Califor nia,  3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities These case studies demonstrate the ongoing advancements in wastewater reuse for potable water purposes. While direct potable reuse is still relatively limited, these projects provide successful examples of how advanced treatment technologies and stringent monitoring can ensure the production of safe and high- quality drinking water from wastewater sources 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities Wastewater reuse and recycling present significant Wastewat opportunities in Saudi Arabia (KSA) to address water scarcity, promote sustainable water management, and reduce reliance on freshwater sources. er Reuse- Recycle Here are some key opportunities for wastewater reuse and recycling in KSA: Opportuni ties in Produced water 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities Treated wastewater can be used for agricultural irrigation, reducing the demand for freshwater in 1. agriculture. Irrigatio Opportunities exist to establish wastewater treatment plants and distribution networks for delivering treated wastewater to farms, orchards, and landscaping projects. n and Irrigation pump station Pump stations have a lot of moving parts and can seem complicated, but they serve a very simple purpose, to deliver the right pressure at the desired flow to make irrigation systems perform at their best 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities Industries requiring large volumes of water, such as manufacturing, mining, and power generation, can benefit from using treated wastewater in 2. their processes. Opportunities exist to implement wastewater Industria treatment systems tailored to meet the specific needs of industrial operations, enabling water conservation and reducing strain on freshwater resources. l 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities 3. Treated wastewater can be used for groundwater recharge to replenish depleted aquifers and prevent saltwater intrusion. Groundwat Opportunities exist to develop infiltration basins and artificial recharge facilities to inject treated er wastewater into underground aquifers, replenishing groundwater reserves. Recharge:  Ground water recharge - Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic process, where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater. Recharge is the primary method through which water enters an aquifer. 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities 4. Treated wastewater can be utilized for cooling purposes in municipal and district cooling systems. Municipal Opportunities exist to integrate treated wastewater and into cooling processes, reducing the demand for freshwater and optimizing water resources in urban areas. District District Cooling System 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities 5. Treated wastewater can be used for construction activities, dust suppression, and road cleaning. Constructi Opportunities exist to establish treated on and wastewater supply networks for construction sites and infrastructure projects, reducing the need for freshwater during construction activities. Dust  3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities Treated wastewater can be used to create 6. recreational water bodies, such as lakes or wetlands, and support environmental conservation efforts. Recreation Opportunities exist to develop eco-parks, green al and spaces, and wildlife habitats that are sustained by treated wastewater, enhancing biodiversity and providing recreational opportunities. Environmen 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities KSA can invest in research and development to explore new technologies and innovative 7. approaches for wastewater treatment and reuse. Researc Opportunities exist to collaborate with universities, research institutions, and technology providers to develop advanced wastewater treatment methods and optimize reuse options. h and 3. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Opportunities KSA can focus on expanding its wastewater treatment infrastructure, ensuring high-quality To realize treatment processes, establishing appropriate distribution systems, and implementing supportive policies and regulations for wastewater reuse. these Public-private partnerships, investment in advanced technologies, and awareness campaigns about the benefits of wastewater reuse are crucial for the successful implementation of wastewater opportunit reuse and recycling initiatives in KSA.  4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements Wastewater reuse depends on quality, technology, regulations, and infrastructure for potential recycling. Some key considerations for wastewater reuse-recycle potentialities:  4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements The quality of wastewater determines its potential for reuse. 1. Factors such as pollutant levels, pathogens, and salinity are crucial considerations. Wastewat Advanced treatment processes may be required to achieve the desired water quality standards for different reuse applications. er Quality: WHO limits for waste water -  4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements The selection of appropriate treatment technologies is essential to meet the required 2. water quality standards for reuse. Treatment processes may include physical, chemical, and biological methods to remove Treatmen contaminants, disinfect water, and ensure it meets specific reuse criteria. t WW treatment methods  4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements Identifying potential reuse applications is crucial. 3. Reuse Common applications include agricultural irrigation, industrial processes, urban landscaping, and groundwater recharge. Applicati The suitability of wastewater for different applications may depend on specific water quality requirements and local regulations. ons:  4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements Adequate infrastructure is necessary to collect, convey, and treat wastewater for 4. reuse. Infrastructur Distribution systems, such as separate piping networks or tanker trucks, may be required to deliver treated wastewater to end-users or recharge sites. e and  4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements Establishing a regulatory framework is essential to ensure the safe and sustainable reuse of 5. wastewater. Regulator Regulations should address water quality standards, treatment requirements, monitoring protocols, and guidelines for different reuse applications. y  4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements Public acceptance and awareness are important for 6. Public the successful implementation of wastewater reuse initiatives. Acceptan Educating the public about the benefits of ce and wastewater reuse, dispelling misconceptions, and addressing concerns related to health and safety are crucial. Awarene  4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements Regular monitoring and quality control measures are necessary to ensure that reused water 7. meets the required standards and poses no risks to public health or the environment. Monitoring Monitoring programs should include regular sampling, analysis, and reporting to maintain water quality and address any emerging issues. and Quality Water Cycle  4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements Building institutional capacity and fostering collaboration among stakeholders, including 8. water utilities, regulatory agencies, research institutions, and the private sector, is crucial for successful wastewater reuse initiatives. Institutiona Collaboration allows for knowledge sharing, innovation, and coordinated efforts to address technical, regulatory, and operational challenges. l Capacity 4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements Assessing the economic viability of wastewater reuse 9. projects is essential, Economic considering factors such as capital and Viability: operational costs, potential revenue streams, and long- term sustainability.  4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements By considering these potentialities and requirements, stakeholders can develop comprehensive wastewater reuse-recycle strategies that align with local needs, regulations, and resource availability. By adopting appropriate technologies, implementing effective regulations, and fostering collaboration, communities can maximize the benefits of wastewater reuse while ensuring water security and environmental sustainability.  4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements Success While there are limited specific case studies of ful case wastewater reuse projects in Saudi Arabia (KSA) studies available, there are successful examples from other of water-scarce regions that share similar challenges and can serve as inspiration. wastew ater reuse in Some case studies that demonstrate successful arid wastewater reuse projects in water-scarce regions: regions. like KSA.  4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements Qatar, a neighboring country to Saudi Arabia, has 1. implemented successful wastewater reuse projects to address water scarcity. Treated The country treats and reuses treated sewage Sewage effluent (TSE) for various non-potable applications, including irrigation of green spaces, landscaping, Effluent and industrial uses. Qatar's approach to TSE reuse has significantly (TSE) reduced freshwater demand and preserved valuable water resources. Reuse Physical and Economic water scarcity. -  4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements California, a region with both water scarcity and advanced water management practices, has 2. numerous successful wastewater reuse projects. The state has implemented projects like the Orange Water County Groundwater Replenishment System, which treats wastewater to a high standard and recharges groundwater supplies. Reuse Other initiatives include agricultural reuse programs, such as the use of treated wastewater for irrigation in water-stressed regions like the Central in Valley. Water Reclamation-STP and ETP Water reclamation is the process of converting municipal wastewater or sewage and industrial wastewater into water that can be reused for a variety of purposes  4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements Israel's Water Management and 3. Water Reclamation and Reuse Successfully Wastewater Reuse developed and Employs advanced implemented treatment wastewater reuse in Israel: Water reclamation technologies for projects. and reuse initiatives wastewater recycling support sustainable  4. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Potentialities and Requirements While these case studies are not specific to Saudi Arabia, they showcase the successful implementation of wastewater reuse projects in water-scarce regions. KSA can draw insights from these examples and adapt best practices to suit its local context. It is worth noting that KSA has been actively working on wastewater reuse and desalination projects as part of its Vision 2030 and the National Water Strategy, highlighting the commitment to address water scarcity through innovative solutions. 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines Here are some Wastewater reuse- examples of recycle regulatory regulatory guidelines vary across frameworks and countries and regions. guidelines related to wastewater reuse:  5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines 1. United States: U.S. The EPA offers guidelines and regulations for water reuse, Environme including the Guidelines for Water Reuse and the National ntal Water Reuse Action Plan, which provide recommendations Protection for water quality criteria, treatment technologies, and risk assessment. Agency (EPA): Many U.S. states have their own regulations specific to water reuse. State For instance, California has Title 22 Water Recycling Criteria, which sets water quality standards and treatment Regulation requirements for different reuse applications.  EPA and DMAEP Saudi Arabia established the Directorate General of Meteorology in 1370 - 1950 and was subsequently restructured in 1981 - 1401H to become the Department of Meteorology and Environmental Protection and was entrusted with the role of the entity/body that is responsible for environment affairs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at the national level as well as its role in the field of meteorology. 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines 2. European Union: European The World Water Framework (WFD) promotes water Union Water management, reuse, and quality standards, Framework promoting reclaimed water for irrigation, industrial Directive use, and groundwater recharge while safeguarding (WFD): human health and the environment. European Union Urban The UWWTD sets standards for wastewater treatment Wastewater and discharge, promoting the use of reclaimed water Treatment where appropriate. Directive (UWWTD): 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines 3. Australia: These guidelines, developed by the Australian Australi government, provide a framework for assessing and managing the risks associated with wastewater an reuse. Guidelin They cover various aspects, including water quality criteria, risk assessment, treatment technologies, and monitoring requirements. es for Water 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines 4. Singapore: PUB has developed guidelines and regulations for water reuse, specifically for its NEWater Singapore's initiative. These guidelines cover water quality, treatment Public processes, monitoring, and risk management to ensure the safe and reliable reuse of reclaimed water. Utilities 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines 5. World Health Organization (WHO): Provides global framework for safe wastewater WHO use in agriculture, aquaculture, and reuse applications. Guidelines Offers guidance on risk assessment, treatment for Safe options, and management practices. Use of Regulations vary by country and region. Wastewate Recommends compliance with regulations and r, Excreta, consultation with local authorities for wastewater reuse projects. and 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines Wastewater Saudi Arabia (KSA) has been actively working on developing regulatory frameworks and Reuse- guidelines for wastewater reuse-recycle. Recycle While specific details may have evolved, here Regulatory are some key initiatives and guidelines related to wastewater reuse in KSA: Guidelines in KSA 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines KSA's National Water Strategy, launched in 2018, 1. emphasizes the importance of wastewater reuse as a sustainable water resource. Nationa The strategy aims to increase the reuse of treated wastewater to reduce freshwater demand and l Water ensure water security. Strateg 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines 2. Saudi SASO is responsible for developing and enforcing standards and regulations in Saudi Arabia, Standards, including those related to wastewater reuse. Metrology, and Quality SASO has been working on developing guidelines for the quality of treated wastewater Organization and its reuse in various applications. (SASO): 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines The Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture 3. Water (MEWA) is involved in developing regulations and guidelines for water reuse in KSA. Reuse These regulations are expected to cover water quality standards, treatment requirements, monitoring protocols, and permissible reuse Regulati applications. 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines 4. King KACST, the national scientific research organization, has been actively involved in research and Abdulazi development related to wastewater treatment and reuse. z City for They have been working on innovative technologies Science and solutions to enhance wastewater treatment and promote safe and sustainable water reuse practices. and Technol 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines It's important to note that the regulatory landscape may have evolved, and new guidelines or regulations may have been introduced. Therefore, it is recommended to refer to the latest information from relevant Saudi Arabian government agencies such as MEWA, SASO, or KACST for the most up-to-date guidelines and regulations regarding wastewater reuse in KSA. 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines Please note that specific requirements may vary, Examples of common and it is essential to consult wastewater reuse the relevant authorities and applications in Saudi Arabia regulations for accurate and their associated and up-to-date information treatment requirements. on wastewater reuse applications in Saudi Arabia. 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines Wastewater can be treated for agricultural 1. irrigation, conserving freshwater. Irrigation Treatment includes biological processes like activated sludge and filtration. of Quality parameters like suspended solids, nutrients, and microorganisms are checked for compliance Agricultu with irrigation standards. 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines Treated wastewater can be used for irrigation of 2. parks, gardens, and other green spaces. Treatment requirements may include primary and Landscape secondary treatment processes to remove solids and organic matter, followed by disinfection. and Green Water quality parameters such as suspended solids, organic matter, microbiological indicators, and possibly specific limits on certain contaminants are Spaces considered for landscape irrigation. 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines Various industries can use treated wastewater for purposes like cooling tower makeup water or process water. 3. Treatment methods are customized based on industry needs, removing relevant contaminants. Industri Water quality and treatment plans are decided with input from regulatory bodies. al 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines Treated wastewater can be used for replenishing groundwater aquifers. 4. Treatment requirements often include advanced treatment processes like filtration Groundwater (e.g., sand filtration) and disinfection. Suspended solids, organics, nutrients, and microbiological indicators are critical factors to Recharge: consider for protecting groundwater quality. 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines It's important to note that the specific treatment requirements may depend on the local regulations, water quality standards, and the intended use of the reclaimed water. Therefore, it is crucial to consult the relevant authorities in Saudi Arabia, such as the Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture (MEWA), for the most accurate and up-to-date information on wastewater reuse applications and their associated treatment requirements in the country. 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines In KSA, certain sectors are encouraged to use treated wastewater to address water scarcity and promote sustainable water management practices. The country actively promotes wastewater reuse initiatives to support this effort. Common applications and sectors in Saudi Arabia for treated wastewater use. 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines In Saudi Arabia, the focus is on using treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation to reduce 1. pressure on freshwater resources and promote sustainable agriculture. Agricultur Government programs encourage farmers to utilize reclaimed water. al 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines 2. Treated wastewater is often utilized for irrigation of public parks, gardens, and green spaces. Landscapi This application helps conserve freshwater ng and resources while maintaining aesthetic and recreational areas. Green 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines Saudi Arabia encourages the use of treated wastewater for non-potable industrial purposes. 3. Industries such as petrochemical, manufacturing, and power generation can utilize Industri reclaimed water for cooling towers, process water, and other non-drinking water needs. 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines Treated wastewater can be used for replenishing groundwater aquifers through 4. managed aquifer recharge projects. Groundwat Recharging groundwater with treated wastewater helps augment water resources and maintain groundwater levels. er 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines Treated wastewater can be used for non-contact 5. water uses such as artificial lakes, golf course irrigation, and other recreational water features. Recreationa l and Non- This application helps conserve freshwater resources for more critical uses. Contact 5. Wastewater Reuse-Recycle Regulatory Guidelines It's important to note that the specific applications and sectors where treated wastewater is encouraged may be subject to regulations, guidelines, and local conditions. The Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture (MEWA) in Saudi Arabia plays a significant role in promoting and regulating wastewater reuse initiatives. For the most accurate and up-to-date information on specific applications and sectors where treated wastewater is encouraged, it is recommended to refer to official government sources or consult with the relevant authorities in Saudi Arabia. 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Centralized wastewater The key features recycling collects, treats, and of centralized distributes wastewater from wastewater multiple sources for reuse in recycling: various applications.  Degasser Tower The function of degasser tower is to remove carbonate ions by forming carbon-di-oxide. In degasser tower stream of water is poured from top & air is blown from bottom to top. With air pressure, the carbonic acid (H2CO3) present in the water dissociates into H2O and CO2. This CO2 can be released to the air. A degasser is a device used in the upstream oil industry to remove dissolved and entrained gases from a liquid. In drilling it is used to remove gasses from drilling fluid which could otherwise form bubbles. In a produced water treatment plant it is 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling 1. Collectio Wastewater from residential, commercial, and industrial n and sources is collected through a network of sewer pipes Conveya and conveyed to a central treatment facility. nce: 2. The collected wastewater is treated at the central facility Central using a combination of physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes. Treatme These processes remove contaminants and pathogens, resulting in treated water that meets the necessary nt quality standards for reuse. Facility: 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Treated water is sent through pipes for various reuse purposes such as irrigation, industrial use, 3. Reuse replenishing water bodies, or even direct potable reuse. Applicati The centralized approach allows for efficient large- scale treatment and distribution, making it suitable for densely populated areas or regions with ons: significant wastewater generation. 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Centralized systems require a well-developed infrastructure, including sewer networks and 4. treatment facilities, to collect, treat, and distribute the wastewater. Infrastructu They also involve centralized management and operation of the treatment and distribution processes. re and 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Common in urban areas with dense populations. Centraliz ed Offer efficient wastewater treatment and management. Wastewa Ensure reliable, safe supply of reused water. ter 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Decentralized wastewater recycling The key treats and reuses wastewater locally (at features of or near the source of generation), often decentralized in individual buildings or small wastewater communities rather than centrally. recycling: Grey Water Plant 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Decentralized Systems Overview 1. On- Utilize on-site wastewater treatment systems, such as septic tanks, advanced treatment units, or other decentralized technologies. Site Eliminate need for extensive sewer networks and centralized facilities. Treatme 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Local Reuse of Decentralized Wastewater 2. Primary reuse on-site or near generated site. Common applications: landscape irrigation, toilet flushing, industrial processes, groundwater recharge. Local Reduces reliance on freshwater sources. 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Designed for customization and expansion. 3. Suitable for areas with dispersed populations. Decentralized Offers limited access to centralized infrastructure. Systems: Provides tailored treatment solutions. Modular and 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Commonly used in rural areas, small 4. communities, buildings, and facilities. Decentraliz Provide localized treatment and reuse options. ed Systems Promote water sustainability and self- sufficiency. Application  6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Reduces infrastructure costs. Decentraliz Increases resilience to system failures. ed Adapts to varying needs. Beneficial in areas with impractical, costly, or Wastewate unavailable centralized infrastructure. Contributes to water conservation and alleviates freshwater resource pressure. r Recycling 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Advantages of Advantages of Centralized Decentralized Wastewater Reuse- Wastewater Reuse- Recycle: Efficient treatment of large volumes Recycle: Reduced infrastructure and of wastewater transportation requirements Localized treatment and reuse, Centralized monitoring, control, and minimizing transmission losses and maintenance contamination risks Suitable for densely populated Flexibility in system design and areas with extensive wastewater scalability collection networks Can be implemented in areas with Economies of scale in treatment limited access to centralized and reuse operations infrastructure  6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Disadvantages of Centralized Wastewater Reuse- Recycle: Requires substantial infrastructure investment. 1. Includes sewer networks, treatment plants, distribution systems. Upfront costs can be high in undeveloped Infrastructur areas. Centralized treatment facilities significantly use e energy to operate and distribute treated water. 2.Costs: Energy Resulting in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impact. Consumptio 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Disadvantages of Centralized Wastewater Reuse-Recycle: 3. Long Transport Distances: In large-scale centralized systems, treated water may need to be transported over long distances to reach the reuse sites. This transportation can result in water losses, increased energy consumption, and additional costs. 4. Dependency on Central Facilities: Centralized systems rely on a few key treatment facilities, making them vulnerable to disruptions or failures. If a central facility experiences downtime or maintenance issues, it can impact the entire system's operation and the availability of reused water. 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Disadvantages of Decentralized Wastewater Reuse-Recycle: 1. Maintenance and Monitoring: Decentralized systems require proper maintenance and regular monitoring to ensure effective treatment and safe reuse. The responsibility for operation and maintenance falls on individual property owners or local communities, which may require technical expertise and ongoing resources. 2. Limited Scale: Decentralized systems are typically designed for smaller-scale applications, such as individual buildings or small communities. Scaling up decentralized systems to serve larger populations may be challenging and require coordination among multiple decentralized units. 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Disadvantages of Decentralized Wastewater Reuse-Recycle: 3. Land Requirement: Certain decentralized treatment technologies, such as land-based systems, may require larger land areas for installation. In densely populated areas or locations with limited available land, finding suitable space for decentralized systems can be a constraint. 4. Regulatory Challenges: Implementing decentralized systems may involve navigating complex regulatory frameworks and compliance requirements. Depending on the jurisdiction, there may be specific regulations or permitting processes for on-site treatment and reuse, which can add administrative burdens and delays. 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling A few case studies and examples show casing successful implementations of centralized and decentralized wastewater reuse-recycle systems: Centralized Wastewater Reuse-Recycle: 1. City of Windhoek, Namibia: Windhoek implemented a centralized wastewater reuse system to address water scarcity. The Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant treats wastewater to a high standard, producing reclaimed water for various non-potable uses. The reclaimed water is used for agricultural irrigation, industrial processes, and landscape irrigation. The system has reduced the city's dependence on freshwater sources and increased water availability for sustainable development. 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Centralized Wastewater Reuse-Recycle: 2. City of Los Angeles, California, USA: Los Angeles implemented a large-scale centralized wastewater recycling system known as the Terminal Island Water Reclamation Plant. The plant treats wastewater to a high level, producing reclaimed water known as "purple pipe" water. The reclaimed water is used for landscape irrigation, industrial processes, and cooling towers. The system has helped reduce the demand for freshwater and alleviate stress on local water supplies. 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Decentralized Wastewater Reuse-Recycle: 1.Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm, Sweden: Hammarby Sjöstad is an urban development project that incorporates decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse. Buildings in the area have individual on-site treatment systems that treat wastewater to a high standard. The treated wastewater is reused for toilet flushing, irrigation, and district heating and cooling. The decentralized system has reduced the strain on the municipal wastewater infrastructure and promoted sustainable resource management. 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Decentralized Wastewater Reuse-Recycle: 2. Yellow River Recycle Park, Zhengzhou, China: The Yellow River Recycle Park in Zhengzhou implemented a decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse system. The park consists of decentralized treatment units, including constructed wetlands and membrane bioreactors. The treated wastewater is used for landscape irrigation, cooling towers, and toilet flushing within the park. The decentralized system has reduced the demand for freshwater, conserved water resources, and achieved sustainable water management in the park. 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling These case studies demonstrate the successful implementation of both centralized and decentralized wastewater reuse-recycle systems in different regions. They highlight the achievements of these systems in terms of water conservation, increased water availability, reduced strain on freshwater sources, and sustainable development. The specific approaches and technologies used can vary depending on local conditions and priorities. 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Case studies and examples of successful implementation of centralized and decentralized wastewater reuse-recycle systems in Saudi Arabia (KSA). Here are a few notable examples: 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Centralized Wastewater Reuse-Recycle: 1. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: The city of Riyadh has implemented a centralized wastewater reuse system to address water scarcity. The Riyadh Water Reuse Project treats wastewater from the city's sewer network to produce reclaimed water. The reclaimed water is used for various non-potable purposes, including landscape irrigation, agricultural irrigation, and industrial uses. The system has reduced the city's reliance on freshwater sources and increased water availability for sustainable development. 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Centralized Wastewater Reuse-Recycle: 2. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Jeddah has implemented the Jeddah Water Reuse Project, a centralized wastewater treatment and reuse system. The project involves the treatment of wastewater from the city's sewer network to produce high-quality reclaimed water. The reclaimed water is used for irrigation of green spaces, landscaping, and industrial purposes. The implementation of the system has helped conserve freshwater resources and ensure sustainable water management in Jeddah. 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Decentralized Wastewater Reuse-Recycle: 1. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia: KAUST has implemented a decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse system. The university employs on-site treatment systems, including membrane bioreactors and disinfection processes, to treat wastewater generated within the campus. The treated wastewater is reused for landscape irrigation and toilet flushing. The decentralized system has helped reduce the strain on the municipal wastewater infrastructure and promote sustainable water management within the university campus. 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling Decentralized Wastewater Reuse-Recycle: 2. Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: PNU has implemented decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse systems across its campus. The university employs on-site treatment technologies, such as sequencing batch reactors and disinfection processes, to treat wastewater. The treated wastewater is reused for landscape irrigation and toilet flushing. The decentralized system has helped conserve water, reduce dependence on freshwater sources, and promote sustainable practices within the university. 6. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling These examples highlight successful implementations of centralized and decentralized wastewater reuse-recycle systems in Saudi Arabia (KSA). They demonstrate the achievements of these systems in terms of water conservation, increased water availability, and sustainable water management within their respective regions. The specific approaches and technologies used can vary depending on local conditions and priorities in Saudi Arabia. 7. Wastewater Recycling - Lesson Summary Summary: Wastewater reuse and recycling are essential components of sustainable water management, offering opportunities to conserve freshwater resources and mitigate water scarcity. Here is a summary of key points related to wastewater reuse and recycling, including reuse-recycle opportunities, potentialities and requirements, regulatory guidelines, and centralized and decentralized recycling: 7. Wastewater Recycling - Lesson Summary Wastewater Reuse: Wastewater reuse involves treating wastewater to an appropriate level, making it suitable for specific non- potable applications. This can be achieved through various treatment processes, such as biological treatment, filtration, disinfection, and advanced treatment technologies like reverse osmosis or ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. The treated wastewater, also known as reclaimed water, can be used for purposes like irrigation of agricultural crops, landscape irrigation, industrial processes, or replenishing water bodies. 7. Wastewater Recycling - Lesson Summary Wastewater Recycling: Recycling, on the other hand, refers to the process of treating wastewater to a high standard, meeting stringent water quality criteria, and reintroducing it into the water supply for various purposes. This includes the replenishment of potable (drinking) water sources. Recycling wastewater for potable use often involves advanced treatment processes such as advanced oxidation, membrane filtration, and multiple disinfection steps to ensure the water meets rigorous drinking water standards. 7. Wastewater Recycling - Lesson Summary Both wastewater reuse and recycling contribute to water conservation and sustainability by reducing the reliance on freshwater sources. Reusing and recycling wastewater can help alleviate water scarcity issues, particularly in areas where water resources are limited or under stress. It also reduces the environmental impact associated with discharging untreated or partially treated wastewater into natural water bodies, benefiting ecosystems and public health. The specific approach taken for wastewater reuse or recycling depends on the intended application, regulatory requirements, infrastructure availability, and the desired water quality standards for the intended use. 7. Wastewater Recycling - Lesson Summary 2. Reuse-Recycle Opportunities: The opportunities for wastewater reuse and recycling are diverse and depend on local needs, water availability, and treatment capabilities. Non-potable reuse opportunities include landscape irrigation in parks, golf courses, and gardens; industrial processes such as cooling towers and manufacturing operations; agricultural irrigation for crops and greenhouses; and toilet flushing in commercial buildings and residences. Potable recycling, although more complex and subject to stricter regulations, is being explored in some regions as a means of augmenting drinking water supplies. This typically involves advanced treatment processes such as membrane filtration, UV disinfection, and advanced oxidation. 7. Wastewater Recycling - Lesson Summary 3. Potentialities and Requirements: Wastewater reuse and recycling offer several potential benefits, including reducing the demand on freshwater sources, mitigating water scarcity, and promoting sustainable water management practices. Successful implementation requires a comprehensive understanding of local conditions, including water availability, treatment requirements, and infrastructure capabilities. Adequate treatment processes must be employed to remove contaminants and pathogens from the wastewater to ensure water quality meets the intended reuse standards. The economic feasibility and viability of reuse-recycle projects depend on factors such as the cost of treatment technologies, infrastructure development, operation and maintenance expenses, and the availability of suitable markets for reclaimed water. 7. Wastewater Recycling - Lesson Summary 4. Regulatory Guidelines: Governments and water authorities establish regulatory guidelines and standards to ensure the safe and sustainable implementation of wastewater reuse and recycling projects. These guidelines typically include water quality criteria, treatment process requirements, monitoring protocols, risk assessments, and guidelines for managing public health and environmental impacts. Compliance with regulatory guidelines is crucial to safeguard public health and ensure the safe and responsible use of reclaimed water. 7. Wastewater Recycling - Lesson Summary 5. Centralized and Decentralized Recycling: Centralized recycling involves the construction of large-scale wastewater treatment plants that centrally collect, treat, and distribute reclaimed water through a separate network. This approach is suitable for densely populated areas or regions with significant water demands. Decentralized recycling refers to on-site or small-scale treatment systems that treat wastewater locally, allowing for reuse at the point of generation. This approach is often used in smaller communities, individual buildings, industrial facilities, or areas where it may be economically or technically challenging to connect to a centralized system. Decentralized systems can offer benefits such as reduced infrastructure needs, flexibility, and the ability to tailor treatment processes to specific local conditions. 7. Wastewater Recycling - Lesson Summary By considering these aspects and tailoring wastewater reuse and recycling systems to local circumstances, communities and industries can optimize water resource management and contribute to a more sustainable and resilient water future. Bill of material (Activity) Prepare Bill of material for given Picture. Chemical Used in Waste water Treatment Chemical Used in Waste water Treatment De chlorination compound Important formulas related to WWT Common Name………………….Chemical Name………………….Formula Ammonia gas Ammonia NH3 Lime stone Calcium carbonate Ca Co3 Liquid Chlorine Chlorine Cl2 Chloride of iron Ferric chloride FeCL3 Hydrochloric Acid - HCL Methane - CH4 Soda Ash Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 Sulfuric Acid………... H2SO4 Salt Sodium Chloride NaCL Caustic Soda Sodium hydro oxide NaOH-