Module-4-ITC-111.pdf

Mindoro State University College of Computer Studies Module 4 : Operating System Basic Concepts Prepared by: JENNIE T. FERNANDO Assistant Professor I E-mail Address: [email protected] /[email protected] Mobile Number: +...

Mindoro State University College of Computer Studies Module 4 : Operating System Basic Concepts Prepared by: JENNIE T. FERNANDO Assistant Professor I E-mail Address: [email protected] /[email protected] Mobile Number: +639778254102/ +639885804531 ITP 222 ITC :111 QUANTITATIVE METHODS : INTRO TO COMPUTING Bachelor of Science in Information Technology  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:  Explained how Operating System works  Familiarized the major components of OS  Installed different OS ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies interface between a computer user and computer hardware software which performs all the basic tasks ▪ File management ▪ Memory management ▪ Process management ▪ Handling input and output ▪ Controlling peripheral devices ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Linux Windows Android OS X VMS OS/400 z/OS ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Batch Operating System Time-sharing Operating System Distributed Operating System Network Operating System Real Time Operating System Mobile Operating System ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Users do not interact with the computer directly User prepares his job on an off-line device Jobs are batched together and run as a group The programmers leave their programs with the operator and the operator then sorts the programs with similar requirements ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Lack of interaction between the user and the job CPU is often idle Difficult to provide the desired priority ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Technique which enable many people located at various terminals to use a particular computer system at the same time Also known as multitasking Logical extension of multiprogramming Processor’s time is shared among multiple users ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Multiprogrammed batch systems – maximize processor use Time-sharing systems – minimize response time Uses CPU scheduling and multi-programming to provide each user with a small portion of a time ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Advantages Quick response Avoids duplication of software Reduces CPU idle time Disadvantages Problem of reliability Question of security and integrity of user program & data Problem of data communication ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Use multiple central processors to serve multiple real- time applications and multiple users Data processing jobs are distributed among the processors accordingly The processors communicate with one another through various communication lines Processors may vary in size and function sites, nodes, computers etc. ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies A user at one site may be able to use the resources available at another Speedup the exchange of data with one another via electronic mail If one site fails, the remaining sites can potentially continue operating Better service to the customers Reduction of load on the host computer Reduction of delays in data processing ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Run on a server and provides the server the capability to manage data, users, groups, security, applications and other networking function Purpose is to allow shared file and printer access among multiple computers in a network (LAN, private network or to another network) Examples : MS Windows Server 2003, MS Windows Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X, Novell Netware and BSD ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Centralized servers are highly stable Security is server managed Upgrades to new technologies and hardware can be easily integrated into the system Remote access to servers is possible from different locations and types of systems ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies High cost of buying and running a server Dependency on a central location for most operations Regular maintenance and updates are required ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Data processing system in which time interval required to process and respond to inputs is so small that it controls the environment Used when there are rigid time requirements on the operation of a processor or the flow of data and real-time systems can be used as a control device in a dedicated application Must have well-defined, fixed time constraints, otherwise will fail ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Hard real-time systems Guarantee that critical task complete on time Secondary storage is limited or missing and the data is stored in ROM Virtual memory is almost never found Soft real-time systems Less restrictive Critical real-time task gets priority over other tasks and retains priority until it completes Have limited utility than hard real-time systems ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Operating system which is especially designed to power smartphones, tablets and wearable devices Most famous are Android and iOS but others include Blackberry, Web and watchOS ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies 1. Memory Management Management of Primary Memory of Main Memory Main memory is a large array of words or bytes Main memory provides a fast storage that can be accessed directly by the CPU Keep track of primary memory In multiprogramming, OS decides which process will get memory when and how much Allocates the memory when a process requests it to do so De-allocates the memory when a process no longer needs it or has been terminated ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies 2. Processor Management The OS decides which process gets the processor when and for how much time (process scheduling) Keep track of processor and status of process (traffic controller) Allocates the processor (CPU) to a process De-allocates processor when a process is no longer required ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies 3. Device Management Manages device communication via their respective drivers Keep track of all devices (I/O controller) Decides which process gets the device when and for how much time Allocates the device in the efficient way De-allocates devices ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies 4. File Management File system is normally organized into directories for easy navigation and usage Keep track of information, location, uses, status etc (file system) Decides who gets the resources Allocates the resources De-allocates the resources ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Security – prevents unauthorized access to programs and data Control over system performance – recording delays between requests for a service and response from the system Job accounting – keep track of time and resources used by various jobs and users Error detecting aids – production of dumps, traces, error messages, and other debugging and error detecting aids Coordination between other software and users – coordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters, assemblers and other software to various users of the computer systems ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Microsoft Windows Existed in one form to another since 1985 and remains the most popular operating system for home and office computers Initial versions worked with earlier Microsoft OS called MS-DOS Efforts to use for smartphones have been less successful Apple iOS One of the most popular smartphone OS and runs on Apple hardware Google’s Android OS Most popular OS in the world Apple macOS Linux OS ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Windows 1 – November 1985 ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Windows 2 – December 1987 ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Windows 3 – 1990 ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Windows 3.1 – 1992 ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Windows 95 – August 1995 ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Windows 98 – June 1988 Windows ME – September 2000 Windows 2000 – February 2000 ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Windows XP – October 2001 Windows Vista – January 2007 Windows 7 – October 2009 Windows 8 – October 2012 Windows 8.1 – October 2013 Windows 10 – October 1, 2014 Windows 11 – October 5, 2021 Windows 12 - ? ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies iOS 1 – June 29, 2007 and July 15, 2008 iOS 2 – July 11, 2008 and January 27, 2009 iOS 3 – June 11, 2010 and August 11, 2010 iOS 4 – June 22, 2010 and July 25, 2011 iOS 5 – October 12, 2011 and May 7, 2011 iOS 6 – September 19, 2012 and February 21, 2014 iOS 7 – September 18, 2013 and June 30, 2014 ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies iOS 8 – September 17, 2014 and August 13, 2015 iOS 9 – September 16, 2015 and August 25, 2016 iOS 10 – July 19, 2017 and September 13, 2016 iOS 11 – September 19, 2017 and May 29, 2018 iOS 12 – September 17, 2018 and September 17, 2018 iOS 13 – June 3, 2019 and Septemner 19, 2019 iOS 14 – July 9, 2020 iOS 15 – September 20, 2021 iOS 16 – September 12, 2022 iOS 17 – September 18, 2023 ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Android 1.0 to 1.1. –September 2008 Android 1.5 – Cupcake on April 27, 2009 Android 1.6 – Donut on September 15, 2009 Android 2.0 to 2.1 – Éclair on October 26, 2009 Android 2.2 to 2.2.3 – Froyo on May 20, 2010 Android 2.3 to 2.3.7 – Gingerbread on December 6, 2010 Android 3.0 to 3.2.6 – Honeycomb on February 22, 2011 Android 4.0 to 4.0.4 – Ice Cream Sandwich on October 19, 2011 Android 4.1 to 4.3.1 – Jelly Bean on June 27, 2012 Android 4.4. to 4.4.4 – KitKat on September 3, 2013 ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Android 5.0 to 5.1.1 – Lollipop initially on June 25, 2014 and officially on November 12, 2014 Android 6.0 to 6.0.1 – Marsmallow on October 5, 2015 Android 7.0 to 7.1.2 – Nougat on March 9, 2016 and August 22, 2016 Android 8.0 to 8.1 – Oreo on March 21, 2017 and July 24, 2017 Android 9.0 – Pie on March 7, 2018 and August 6, 2018 Android 10 – Android Q on March 13, 2019 and April 13, 2019 Android 11 – September 8, 2020 Android 12 – May 18, 2021 ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Successor to popular OS X Run son Apple laptops and desktops Shares some feature with other Unix-related operating systems including Linux Graphical interfaces are different but programming interfaces and command line features are the same Known for its user-friendly features Siri – a natural voice personal assistant FaceTime – video calling application Signature elements Dock used to find programs and frequently used files Unique keyboard keys including the command key Stoplight-colored buttons to resize, open programs windows ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 Open source and can be tweak to the central kernel software and other programs Widely used on corporate and scientific servers including cloud environments Can be run on a wide variety of hardware Available free of charge over the internet ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS  College College of of Computer Computer Studies Studies Ubuntu – new versions are released every six months and guarantee five years of security and general maintenance updates Elementary OS – most attractive distro with a style that gives tribute to macOS Linux Mint – great default distro for new Linux users which comes with LibreOffice openSUSE – divided into openSUSE Leap and openSUSE Tumbleweed CentOS – community offshoot of the enterprise version of Red Hat Linux Arch Linux – allows to customize build using the terminal to download and install packages, aim to keep things simple ITC ITC111 111: INTRO TOTO : INTRO COMPUTING COMPUTING TOPIC : OPERATING TOPIC: SYSTEM BASIC BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS CONCEPTS