Input, Output, and Storage Module 3 PDF

Course Material BSIT Department Input, Output, and Storage Module 3  Course Material BSIT Department Learning Outcomes - Define input and describe the available types of keyboards and pointing devices - Describe scann...

Course Material BSIT Department Input, Output, and Storage Module 3  Course Material BSIT Department Learning Outcomes - Define input and describe the available types of keyboards and pointing devices - Describe scanning and image-capturing device types and features - Define output and explain the types of output devices available - Differentiate between types of monitors and explain their features - Differentiate between types of printers and identify the best printer for a task Classify storage devices according to their capacities, interface, and media - Explain cloud and network storage and identify online and network-based storage technologies  Course Material BSIT Department Keyboard QWERTY layout Function keys Toggle keys Modifier keys Positional keys  Course Material BSIT Department Specialty keyboards Wireless ▪ Bluetooth ▪ Infrared Ergonomic Bilingual Virtual  Course Material BSIT Department Pointing Devices Mouse Mechanical (ball) or optical Corded or cordless Trackball Touchpad Touch screen Joystick  Course Material BSIT Department Drawing Tablet Inkless pen called a stylus Used for creating digital artwork  Course Material BSIT Department Sensory Input Devices Global Positioning System (GPS) Accelerometer Compass Gyroscope  Course Material BSIT Department Scanning Devices Digitizes hard copy Uses a photosensitive charge-coupled device (CCD) Types of scanners ▪ Flatbed ▪ Document feeder ▪ Bar code reader ▪ Business card scanner  Course Material BSIT Department Other Input Devices Magnetic card reader Optical mark recognition (OMR) Magnetic character recognition (MICR) Radio frequency (RF) ID chip Biometric authentication devices ▪ Fingerprint scanner ▪ Facial recognition software and camera ▪ Retina scanner  Course Material BSIT Department Capture Devices Digital camera Digital video camera Web cam  Course Material BSIT Department Audio Input Devices Audio adapter (sound card) Microphone ▪ Voice recognition software ▪ Speech recognition software  Course Material BSIT Department Display Screen Video screen the computer uses to provide information to a human user Display is made up of individual dots called pixels  Course Material BSIT Department Current Monitor Technologies Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) ▪ Active vs. Passive Matrix Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Organic LED (OLED) E-paper Digital/smart whiteboard Digital projector  Course Material BSIT Department Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Older technology, mostly obsolete Large vacuum tube with electron guns that strike phosphors to light up the screen Triads of red, green, and blue phosphors  Course Material BSIT Department Resolution Measured in horizontal and vertical pixels, such as 1024 x 768 Each display has a maximum (native) resolution LCD and LED displays look best at their native resolution Aspect ratio is ratio of width to height, such as 4:3 or 16:9  Course Material BSIT Department Resolution  Course Material BSIT Department Other Measures of Monitor Performance Refresh rate ▪ Number of times per second each pixel is refreshed ▪ Mostly an issue on CRTs; insufficient refresh rate can cause flickering Color depth ▪ Number of bits required to describe the color of each pixel ▪ 32-bit or 16-bit is the norm for most operating systems  Course Material BSIT Department Display Adapter The hardware that helps the operating system communicate to the monitor what should be displayed May be built into the motherboard or may be a separate circuit board installed on the motherboard If separate, has its own memory Requires a device driver installed in the operating system  Course Material BSIT Department Printers Factors to Consider: ▪ Initial cost ▪ Per-page cost (consumables ▪ Resolution (dots per inch) ▪ Speed ▪ Color ▪ Paper handling ▪ Interface ▪ Multiple functions  Course Material BSIT Department Impact vs. Non-Impact Impact printers strike an inked ribbon to make a mark on the paper ▪ Dot matrix printers are still used in industrial settings ▪ They print on multi-part forms  Course Material BSIT Department Impact vs. Non-Impact Non-impact printers lay the ink or toner down on the paper without striking it ▪ Inkjet ▪ Laser ▪ Thermal ▪ Plotter  Course Material BSIT Department Inkjet Printer Sprays liquid ink onto the page Separate ink cartridges: black, cyan, magenta, yellow Some printers can print photos very realistically Initial cost of the printer can be very low Ink is expensive  Course Material BSIT Department Laser Printer Uses powdered toner Can be color or black-and-white Initial cost is higher than inkjet Cost per page of toner is low  Course Material BSIT Department Laser Printer Printing Process Drum inside printer is negatively charged A laser partly neutralizes the charge in certain areas Toner clings to the neutralized areas Paper is charged so that toner jumps off onto paper Fuser heats the paper, melting the toner into the paper  Course Material BSIT Department Comparing Printer Types Dot Matrix Inkjet Laser Initial Cost Medium Inexpensive Expensive Per-page Cost Inexpensive Expensive Inexpensive Resolution Poor Good Good Speed Slow Medium Fast Color No Yes Some models Paper handling Continuous Single low- Multiple high- feed capacity tray capacity trays (some models) Suitable for Multi-part Photo printing, Business forms, text-only home use printing, high- printouts volume printing  Course Material BSIT Department Specialty Printers Thermal ▪ Direct thermal ▪ Thermal wax transfer ▪ Thermal dye transfer Plotter  Course Material BSIT Department Storage Devices Primary storage: memory Secondary storage: disks and solid-state drives Evaluations of storage: ▪ Capacity ▪ Cost ▪ Access speed ▪ Interface ▪ Media type ▪ Portability ▪ Removability  Course Material BSIT Department File Storage Vocabulary File: a named collection of bits that represent a single object Folder: A logical organizing unit for files Volume: A physical storage device or a portion of one that is assigned an identifying letter Drive: A physical storage device, or the mechanical parts that spin a disk so that data can be written and read on it Disk: A spinning platter that holds data  Course Material BSIT Department Hard Disk Drive (HDD) A mechanical storage drive Consists of a stack of metal platters Read-write heads access the stored data Data is stored in binary form in changes between positive and negative magnetic polarity  Course Material BSIT Department Hard Disk Drive (HDD)  Course Material BSIT Department Optical Drives CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray Reads and writes in patterns of greater or lesser reflectivity  Course Material BSIT Department Types of Discs CD, DVD, Blu-ray Read-only, write-once, or rewriteable Single-sided or double-sided Single-layer, double-layer  Course Material BSIT Department Types of Discs  Course Material BSIT Department Solid-State Drives Use a form of EEPROM (memory) to store data Small, removable drives like USB flash drives are portable Large solid state drives designed to replace the hard disk drive are solid-state hard drives (SSHD)  Course Material BSIT Department Network Storage Vocabulary Direct-attached storage: Local storage, connected directly to the computer Network-attached storage: Storage accessed via a network NAS appliance: A specialize device that provides storage space to network users Storage-area network: Network-accessed storage that appears to the user as local storage  Course Material BSIT Department RAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks ▪ RAID0: Striping for performance ▪ RAID1: Mirroring for data security ▪ RAID5: Striping with parity, for both performance and data security  Course Material BSIT Department Cloud Storage Cloud: A secure computing environment accessed online Cloud storage: Storage that is accessed from a cloud environment  Course Material BSIT Department Troubleshooting  Course Material BSIT Department Troubleshooting  Course Material BSIT Department Troubleshooting  Course Material BSIT Department Troubleshooting  Course Material BSIT Department Troubleshooting  Course Material BSIT Department Summary 1. List three input devices and three output devices. 2. How do wireless input devices communicate with the computer? 3. Explain briefly how LCD and CRT technologies form screen images. 4. List three types of printers and give an example of an appropriate use for each one. 5. Explain how HDD and SSHD differ internally. 6. Differentiate between DAS, NAS, SAN, and cloud storage.  Course Material BSIT Department References: Wiley, Computer Basics (2024) ISACA (2021), Computing Fundamentals: Study Guide O’Leary, D.A. et, al (2021), Computing Essentials: making IT work for you (Introductory) Crutcher, P.D. (2021), Essential Computer Science: A programmer’s guide to foundational concepts.